UNIT 2 Fuel Systems 2.

FUEL SYSTEMS

CARBURETOR
Syllabus
Air fuel ratio requirements of SI engines, Air fuel ratio and emissions, working of a
simple fixed venture carburetor, Constant vacuum carburetor.

PART –A
1. What type of mixture is preferred during idling? Why? (May 2006) (Dec 2013)
2. What is constant vacuum carburetor? (May 2012)
3. What are the drawbacks of carburetor? (Dec2005) (Dec2011)
4. Brief about the air-fuel ratio requirements of SI engines?
(May 2010)(Dec2011)
5. What is carburetion? (May 2010) (May 2011)
6. List out the factors that affect the process of carburetion. (Dec 2010)
7. State the advantages of EFI system. (Dec 2010)
8. Why do most engines use down draft carburetor? (May 2009)
9. During peak power operation, why petrol engine requires rich mixture?
(May 2009)
10. State the limitations of petrol injection. (May 2009)
11. What are the differences between constant choke and constant vacuum
carburetors? (May 2006)(Dec2008)
12. What is the function of a maximum power device in a carburetor? (Dec2008)
13. Why the fuel pump is submerged inside the fuel tank of MPI systems?
(Dec2006)
14. What is the purpose of throat in carburetor? (Dec 2005)
Automotive Engines 2. 2

PART – B

15. Explain the construction and working of constant vacuum carburetor with neat
sketch. (May 2014)
16. Describe with a neat sketch the working of S.U. Carburetor. (Dec 2013)
17. Write short notes on emission characteristics of SI engine with air-fuel ratio.
(Dec 2013)
18. A simple jet carburetor is required to supply 4.6 kg of air per minute. The
pressure and the temperature of the air are 1.013 bar and 25ºC respectively.
Assuming flow to be isoentropic and compressible and the velocity coefficient
as 0.8, calculate the throat diameter of the choke for flow velocity of 80 m/s.
(May 2012)
19. With the help of a neat sketch, explain the petrol injection system. Brief the
sensors involved in it. (Dec2011)
20. With a neat sketch, explain the working of simple fixed venture carburetor.
Discus its merits and demerits. (Dec 2009)(May 2011)
21. A simple carburetor is required to supply 5 kg of air and 0.5 kg of fuel per
minute. The fuel specific gravity is 0.75. The air is initially at 1 bar and 300 K.
Calculate the throat diameter of the stroke for a flow velocity of 100 m/s.
Velocity coefficient is 0.8. If the pressures drop across the fuel metering orifice
is 0.80 of that of the stroke. Calculate the orifice diameter. Cdf = 0.60 and γ =
1.4. (Dec2010)
22. By means of a suitable graph, explain the carburetor performance to fulfill
engine requirements. (May 2010)
23. How do the power and efficiency of the SI engine vary air – fuel ratio for
different load and speed conditions? (May 2010)
24. Explain the main metering, acceleration, starting, economizer and idling circuits
of a down draught carburetor. (Dec 2005(May 2006) (Dec 2006)
(Dec 2008) (May 2009) (May 2010)
25. Discuss in detail about the Fuel-Air and actual cycles of a 4 stroke S.I engine.
(Dec 2008)
26. The compression ratio of an air-standard otto cycle is 10. At the beginning of
compression stroke, the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 15ºC.The
heat transfer to the air per cycle is 1800 kJ/kg of air. Determine:
(i) The pressure and temperature at the end of each process of the cycle.
(ii) The thermal efficiency
 UNIT 2 Fuel Systems 2. 3
(iii) The mean effective pressure. (Dec 2008)

27. Derive the expression for the air –fuel ratio. [May 2008]

DIESEL FUEL INJECTION PUMPS

Syllabus
Diesel fuel injection systems-Jerk pumps, distributor pumps, pintle and multihole
nozzles, Unit injector and common rail injection systems. Injection pump calibration.
Need for a governor for diesel engines. Description of a simple diesel engine governor.

PART –A
28. Draw injection rate characteristic of multi-hole nozzle and state its advantages.
(Dec2013)
29. Name the different types of fuel injector nozzles used in diesel engines.
(Dec2011)(May 2012)
30. What are the functions of a governor in an injection pump? (May 2012)
31. What is the need of governor in diesel engines? (Dec2010) (Dec2011)
32. Brief about:
(a) Rich mixture
(b) Stoichiometric mixture
(May 2010)
33. What are the factors affecting the distribution of fuel in diesel engines?
(May 2010)
34. What are the advantages of electronic fuel injection system? (May 2010)
35. State the functional requirements of an injection system? (May 2010)
36. Where is the pintle nozzle used? (May 2009)
37. What are the advantages of electronic fuel injection systems? (May 2009)
38. How is the high pressure waves generated in the high pressure line of a diesel
injection pump? (Dec2008)
39. Define cone angle, spray penetration and spray distribution.
(May 2007) (May 2008)
Automotive Engines 2. 4
40. Define static and dynamic injection timing. (May 2008)
41. What are the basic requirements of a fuel injection system of a diesel engine?
(May 2006)(Dec2007)
42. Write a four step procedure for fuel pump calibration. (May 2007)

PART – B
43. Explain the working principle of diesel injector with a neat sketch.
(May 2013) (Dec2014)
44. Explain the construction and working of distributor type fuel injection pump
with neat sketches. Also state its advantages of it than jerk type pumps.
(May 2008) (Dec 2008)(May 2010) (Dec 2011) (May 2012) (May 2014)
45. With neat sketches, explain the working of fuel injection pump and fuel
injector. Also explain how fuel injection pump meets different loading
requirements. (Dec 2010) (Dec2013)
46. What is unit injector system? Explain its types with suitable diagrams.
(May 2012)
47. Explain the following with a neat sketch:
(i) Jerk Pumps
(ii) Pintle Nozzle
(iii) Multi-hole nozzle (Dec2010) (Dec2011) (May 2012)
48. With a neat sketch, explain the jerk pump type injection system.
(May 2010) (Dec2011)
49. Explain the constructional and operational features of common rail diesel
injection system with the help of a neat sketch. List out its advantages.
(May 2007) (May 2009) (Dec 2011)
50. Explain the construction and working of various types of nozzles with neat
sketch. (May 2009) (May 2011)
51. Explain the fuel injection pump calibration in detail with respect to fuel
injection rate setting and delivery through the injectors.
(May 2008) (May 2011)
52. Describe with neat sketch the simple diesel engine governor. (May 2011)
53. Describe the MPFI system with a neat sketch. (May 2010)
54. Draw a neat sketch of pintaux nozzle and discuss its merits and demerits.
(May 2010)
55. A six cylinder, 4 stroke diesel engine develops a power of 200kW at 2000 rpm.
The bsfc is 0.2 kg/kW-hr. At the beginning of the injection, pressure is 35 bar
 UNIT 2 Fuel Systems 2. 5
and the maximum cycle pressure is 55 bar. The injection is expected to be at
180 bar and the maximum pressure at the injector is set to be about 520 bar.
Assume Cd = 0.75, specific gravity of the fuel is 0.85, atmospheric pressure is 1
bar. Effective pressure difference equals average pressure over the injection
period. Determine total orifice area required per injection if the injection takes
place over 16º crank angle. May 2010)
56. Explain with a layout, electronically controlled injection pump system.
(May 2010)
57. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Mechanical fuel pump
(ii) Electrical Fuel pump (May 2009)
58. Explain the following spray characteristics.
(i) Penetration
(ii) Atomization
(iii) Durable cone angle
(iv) Spray distribution and dispersion (Dec 2008)
59. What type of governing is resulted in direct injection diesel engines? Explain in
detail about the most widely used governing system. (May 2007)