UNIT 4 Super-charging, Turbocharging and Engine Testing 4.

SUPERCHARGING, TURBOCHARGING AND

ENGINE TESTING

SUPERCHARGING & TURBOCHARGING

Syllabus
Supercharging and Turbocharging, Different methods of turbocharging, Intercooling,
Turbocharger controls including, waster gate, variable geometry, variable nozzle types.
PART –A
1. What are the limitations of turbocharging? (Dec 2013)
2. What is the effect of super-charging in diesel engines?
(Dec2008)(May 2012)
3. How do you increase volumetric efficiency of an engine? (Dec2011)
4. What are the effects of supercharging on performance of the engines?
(Dec 2011)
5. What is super-charging? How does it differ from turbocharging?
(Dec 2004) (May 2010) (May 2011) (Dec2011)
6. What is the difference between air injection and solid injection? (May 2011)
7. What are the limitations of supercharging in an IC engine? (May 2010)
8. What is meant by degree of supercharging? (May 2009)
9. What is the principle of turbocharger? (May 2009)
10. What is the use of turbo-charger? (Dec2008)
11. What is the effect of EGR on turbo charged diesel engine performance?
(May 2008)
Automotive Engines 4. 2
12. What is the effect of supercharging on higher altitudes? (May 2007)
13. What do you understand by exhaust system tuning? (May 2005)
14. What do you mean by surging and what is its effect on compressor
performance? (May 2005)
15. List out the different types of supercharging compressors. (May 2005)
16. Draw the p –V diagram of supercharged Otto cycle engine. (May 2005)
17. What are the objectives of turbocharging? (May 2005)
18. Define surging and choking in centrifugal compressor. (Dec 2004)
19. Define total – to- total and static-to – static efficiency of a compressor.
(Dec 2004)
20. What is a two stage turbocharger? (Dec 2004)
21. What are the demerits of supercharging SI engines? (Dec 2004)

PART-B
22. Explain briefly with a neat sketch the turbocharging. Write short notes on
Merits and demerits of constant pressure turbocharger.
(May 2009) (Dec 2011) (Dec2013)
23. What is meant by supercharging? Enumerate the main objectives of
supercharging. Explain the various types of superchargers with simple sketches.
(May 2009) (May 2010) (Dec 2010) (Dec2011) (Dec 2013)
24. How do you measure the mass of the air supplied to an IC engines?
(May 2011)
25. Explain briefly the supercharging of SI engines. (May 2011)
26. Explain the following in detail:
(i) Super charger
(ii) Turbocharger
(iii) Engine performance Maps. (Dec 2010) (May 2012)
27. Discuss in detail the limits, applications and arrangements of supercharging in
SI engines. (Dec 2011)
28. Briefly explain the working of Centrifugal supercharger and Roots
supercharger. (May 2010)
 UNIT 4 Super-charging, Turbocharging and Engine Testing 4. 3
29. Explain with neat sketch, the principle of exhaust turbocharging of a single-
cylinder engine. ((May 2010)
30. What is meant by EGR? Where is it used? Why is it used? Also write the effect
of charge cooling in turbocharging. (Dec 2008)
31. What are the limitations of supercharging and turbocharging? Also derive an
expression for work required to drive the compressor of a mechanical
supercharging. (May 2005) (Dec 2008)
32. Explain the pulse and pulse converter turbocharging in detail. (May 2008)
33. What is meant by matching of turbocharger? Explain how it is carried out.
(May 2008)
34. Discuss the effect of supercharging on performance of the engine. (May 2005)
35. Draw and explain p-V diagram of a turbocharged engine. (May 2005)
36. Sketch and explain different arrangement of supercharging. (May 2005)
37. Draw and explain the construction and working of centrifugal compressor.
(Dec 2004) (May 2005)
38. Enumerate modifications required for supercharging of an engine.
(Dec 2004) (May 2005)
39. What are the different methods of turbocharging? Compare their relative merits.
(May 2005)

ENGINE TESTING
Syllabus
Dynamometers, Indicated thermal, brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies.
Measurement of friction, Cylinder pressure measurement. Engine performance maps,
Engine testing standards.
PART – A
40. How friction power is determined using Willan’s line method? (Dec2013)
41. Define the terms actual thermal efficiency and relative thermal efficiency?
(Dec2012
42. Define brake thermal efficiency. (May 2012)
Automotive Engines 4. 4
43. A petrol engine develops a torque of 10 Nm at a speed of 1500 rpm. The
indicated power of the engine is 1.85 kW. Find the friction power.
(May 2012)
44. Sketch the typical performance curves of an automotive diesel engine.
(Dec2011)
45. Find the brake specific fuel consumption in kg/kW-h of a diesel engine whose
fuel consumption is 5 grams per second when the power output is 80 kW.
(Dec2010)
46. What is the indicated power of four cylinder engine if BP with 4- cylinder
working is 18.75 kW and BP with 3- cylinder working is 13.06 kW.
(Dec 2010)

47. An indicator diagram taken from a single cylinder four stroke CI engine has a
length of 100 mm and a area of 2000 mm2. The indicator pointer deflects a
distance of 10 mm for pressure increment of 2 bar in the cylinder. Calculate
mean effective pressure in bar. (Dec 2010)
48. Define mean effective pressure. (Dec2010)
49. Why is Morse test not suitable for single cylinder engine? (May 2010)
50. Explain the various frictional losses in an engine. (May 2010)
51. What is the fuel economy of two stroke engines when comparing with four
stroke engines? Why? (Dec 2009)

52. What are the various types of absorption dynamometer? (May 2009)
53. What is meant by performance map? What for is it used? Draw any one map.
(May 2007)(Dec 2008)

54. How will the compression ratio affect the diesel engine performance?
(Dec 2008)
55. Define brake power. (May 2008)

56. What is the use of engine performance maps? (May 2008)

57. How does fuel-air affect the performance of a diesel engine? (May2008)
58. How will you carry out the power and fuel consumption corrections in
performance calculations? (May 2007)
 UNIT 4 Super-charging, Turbocharging and Engine Testing 4. 5
59. State four methods of increasing power in an internal combustion engines?
(Dec2006)
PART – B
60. The following observations are taken during a test on a single cylinder four
stroke cycle engine having a bore of 300 mm and stroke of 450 mm.

Determine indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency and draw a

heat balance sheet on hour basis. (May 2013)
61. The following particulars were obtained in a trial on a four stroke gas engine:
Duration of trial 1hour
Revolutions 14000
Number of missed cycles 500
Net brake load 1470 N
Mean effective pressure 7.5 bar
Gas consumption 20000 liters
L.C.V of gas at supply conditions 21 kJ/liter
Cylinder diameter 250 mm
Stroke 400 mm
Automotive Engines 4. 6
Effective brake circumference 4m
Compression ratio 6.5:1
Calculate:
(i) Indicated power
(ii) Brake power
(iii) Mechanical efficiency
(iv) Indicated thermal efficiency (May 2012)

62. In a constant speed CI engine operating on four-stroke cycle and fitted with
band brake, the following observations were taken:

Brake wheel diameter 60 cm

Band thickness 5 mm
Speed 450 rpm
Load on band 210 N
Spring balance reading 30 N
Area of indicator diagram 4.15 cm2
Length of indicator diagram 6.25 cm2
Spring No 11, ie 11 bar /cm
Bore 10 cm
Stroke 15 cm
Specific fuel consumption 0.3 kg / kW-hr
Heating value of fuel 41800 kJ/kg
Determine the brake power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, the
indicated thermal efficiency and the brake thermal efficiency. (May 2012)

63. Explain in detail the engine testing standards. (May 2012)

64. The following results were tabulated during a test conducted on four cylinder
four stroke petrol engine running at a particular setting and speed.
BP with all cylinder in working = 25 kW
BP with cylinder number 1 is cut out = 18.5 kW
BP with cylinder number 2 is cut out = 17.5 kW
BP with cylinder number 3 is cut out = 17.8 kW
BP with cylinder number 4 is cut out = 18.2 kW
Determine the indicated power and mechanical efficiency of the engine.
(May 2012)
 UNIT 4 Super-charging, Turbocharging and Engine Testing 4. 7
65. During testing of a two stroke gas engine, the following readings were
recorded:
Diameter of piston = 150 mm
Length of stroke = 190 mm
Clearance volume = 0.91 litre

Engine speed = 250 rpm

Indicated mean effective pressure = 6.5 bar
Gas consumption = 6.3 m3/ hr
Calorific value of the gas = 16000 kJ/m3
Calculate the following:
Air standard efficiency
Indicated power developed in kW
Indicated thermal efficiency
(May 2012)

66. 6 cylinder engine operates on 4stroke cycle. The bore of the cylinder is 70 mm
and the stroke is 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 67 cc. At a
speed of 3960 rpm, the fuel consumption is 19.5 kg/h and the torque developed
is 140 N-m. Calculate
(i) The compression ratio
(ii) The brake power
(iii) The brake thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the fuel is 44
MJ/kg
(iv) Fuel power
(v) Air standard efficiency and
(vi) Relative efficiency on brake power basis. (Dec 2011)
67. Describe how the IP of a multi-cylinder engine is measured. (May 2011)
68. Describe with suitable sketch, the working of brake rope dynamometer.
(May 2011)

69. A four cylinder petrol engine has a bore of 57 mm and a stroke of 90 mm. Its
rated speed is 2800 rpm and it is tested at this speed against a brake, which has
a torque arm of 0.36 m. The net brake load is 160 N and the fuel consumption is
6.74 liters /hr. The specific gravity of petrol used is 0.735 and it has a lower
calorific value of 45 MJ/kg. A Morse test is carried out and the cylinders are cut
Automotive Engines 4. 8
out in the order 1, 2, 3, 4 with corresponding brake loads 111, 106, 104 and 111
N respectively. Calculate for this speed:
(i) The engine torque
(ii) The brake mean effective pressure
(iii) The brake thermal efficiency
(iv) The specific fuel consumption
(v) The mechanical efficiency
(vi) The indicated mean effective pressure.
[May 2011]

70. An 8 cylinder four stroke engine of 9 cm bore and 8 cm stroke with a

compression ratio of 7 is tested at 4500 rpm on a dynamometer which is has 54
cm arm. During a 10 minutes test, the dynamometer scale beam reading was 42
kg and the engine consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline having a calorific value of
44000 kJ/kg. Air at 270C and 1 bar was supplied to the carburetor at the rate of
6 kg/min. Find:
(i) The brake power delivered
(ii) The brake mean effective pressure
(iii) The brake specific fuel consumption
(iv) The brake thermal efficiency
(v) Volumetric efficiency
(vi) Air- fuel ratio. (May2009) (Dec2010)
71. During the trial (60 minutes) on a single cylinder oil engine having cylinder
diameter 300 mm , stroke 450mm and working on the four stroke cycle , the
following observations were made :
Total fuel used : 9.6 litres
C.V.of the fuel : 45,000 kJ/kg
Total No. of revolutions : 12624
Gross IMEP : 7.24 bar
Pumping IMEP : 0.34 bar
Net load on the brake : 3150 N
Diameter of the brake wheel drum : 1.78 m
Diameter of the rope : 40 mm
Cooling water circulated : 545 litres
 UNIT 4 Super-charging, Turbocharging and Engine Testing 4. 9
Cooling water temperature rise : 25ºC
Specific gravity of oil : 0.8
Determine the indicated power, brake power and mechanical efficiency.
[May 2010]
72. Write short notes on the methods to improve engine performance. (May 2010)
73. Draw a typical performance map for a four stroke fast burn SI engine showing
the contours of constant BCFC. (May 2010)
74. Explain the effect of the compression ratio and engine speed on the
performance of an SI engine. (May 2010)

75. Air consumption for a four stroke petrol engine is measured by means of a
circular orifice diameter 3.2 cm. The co-efficient of discharge for the orifice is
0.62 and the pressure across the orifice is 150 mm of water. The barometer
reads 760 mm of Hg. The temperature of air in the room is 200C. The piston
displacement volume is 0.00178 m3. The compression ratio is 6.5. The fuel
consumption is 0.135 kg/min and the calorific value is 43,900 kJ/kg. The brake
power developed at 2500 rpm is 28 kW. Determine.
i) The volumetric efficiency on the basis of air alone.
ii) The air fuel ratio.
iii) The brake mean effective pressure.
iv) The relative efficiency on the brake thermal efficiency basis.
[Dec 2009]
76. Explain briefly the various methods of determining friction power in diesel
engines. (May2009)
77. Explain the IS engine testing procedure for a stationary diesel engine and also
write the emission standards for the same. (Dec 2008)
78. Explain the engine heat balance test for a 3 cylinder automotive diesel engine
with the help of a Sankey diagram. (Dec 2008)
79. Explain the detailed procedure for complete heat balance test of an automobile
diesel engine. (May 2008)
80. Explain the performance testing and emission evaluation of a stationary diesel
engine. (May 2008)

81. The following data are available for a four stroke petrol engine :
Air fuel ratio (by weight) 15.5:1
Automotive Engines 4. 10
Calorific value of the fuel 45,000 kJ/kg
Mechanical efficiency 80 %
Air standard efficiency 53 %
Relative efficiency based on indicated thermal efficiency 70 %
Volumetric efficiency 80 %
Stroke / bore ratio 1.25
Suction conditions 1 bar, 270C
Speed 2400 rpm
Power at brakes 75 kW
Calculate the
i) Compression ratio
ii) indicated thermal efficiency
iii) brake specific fuel consumption
iv) Bore and stroke. [May 2008]
82. The following data relate to 4 cylinders 4 stroke petrol engine. Air/fuel ratio by
weight 16:1, calorific value of the fuel = 45200 kJ/kg, mechanical efficiency =
82 %, air standard efficiency = 52%, relative efficiency = 70%, volumetric
efficiency = 78%, stroke/bore ratio = 1.25, suction condition = 1 bar and
0
25 C, speed = 2400 rpm, power at brakes = 72 kW.
Calculate the (i) compression ratio (ii) indicated thermal efficiency (iii) brake
specific fuel consumption (iv) bore and stroke.
[May 2007]