BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION

FROM WASTE MATERIALS

PRESENTED BY: SUPRIYA PANDEY

ROLL NO: MBT/10008/18
MSC BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER II
WASTE MANAGEMENT ( CE 578)
UNDER: DR. R.NARESH KUMAR
DEPARTMENT OF BIO-ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
• Hydrogen is a valuable gas as a clean energy source
and as feed stock for some industries.
• It is a non-pollutant gas in environment.
• The demand on hydrogen production has increased
considerably in recent years.
• Hydrogen gas is a high energy(122KJ/g) clean fuel
which can be used for many different purposes.
• Hydrogen becomes a promising alternative energy
carrier to fossil fuels.
CONT.
• The major demerits in utilisation of hydrogen as a
gaseous fuel is its availability in nature is very low.(2)
• It has been reported that 50 million tonnes of
hydrogen are traded annually world wide with a
growth rate of nearly 10% per year for the time
being.(1)
• Based on, the National Hydrogen Program of the
United States the contribution of hydrogen to total
energy market will be 8-10% by 2025.(1)
TYPES OF WASTE
• Availability, cost, carbohydrate content and
biodegradability are the major concern for the
selection of waste materials for bio-hydrogen
production.
 Carbohydrate industrial wastewaters- dairy industry,
olive mill, baker’s yeast and brewery waste waters.
 Waste sludge of waste treatment plants.
 Agricultural or food industry wastes.
BIO-PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION

• For hydrogen gas production, three major categories

can be classified:
 Bio-photolysis of water through algae.
 Dark / photo-fermentative (two-stage) hydrogen
production.
 Dark- fermentative hydrogen production during
acidogenic phase of anaerobic digestion of organic
matter.
CONT.
Hydrogen gas production from water by algae:
• Algae split water molecules to hydrogen ions and
oxygen via photosynthesis.
• The generated hydrogen ions are converted into
hydrogen gas by hydrogenase enzyme.(3)
• Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , is one of the well
hydrogen producing algae. (2)
• Hydrogenase activity have been detected in green
algae Scenedesmus/ obliquus, in marine green algae
chlorococcum littorale .(2)
CONT.
• Hydrogen gas production through photo-fermentation (two
stage:
 Hydrogen gas production capabilities of some purple
photosynthetic bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus,
Rhodovulum sulfidophilum have been investigated.
 Photoproduction of hydrogen from CO or other organic acids
by carbon monoxide dependent dehydrogenase ( CODH)
enzymes containing cultures have also been found.
 Tubular, flat panel and bubble column reactors are the major
types of photo-bioreactors developed for hydrogen production.
CONT.
• Dark- fermentative hydrogen production:
 Sugars are converted to hydrogen, carbon dioxide
and short-chain organic acids.
 Many anaerobic organisms can produce hydrogen
from starch and cellulose containing organic
wastes, simple sugars or industrial waste.(2)
 Environmental conditions are the major
parameters to be controlled in hydrogen
production.
CONCLUSION
• Hydrogen is considered as the energy for future since
it is a clean energy source with energy content .
• It is not readily available in nature.
• Photosynthetic processes include algae which use
carbon dioxide and water for hydrogen gas
production.
REFERENCES
1) Winter C.J. “Into the hydrogen energy economy
milestones.” 2005, (1)30-50.
2) Yadav V.S., Vinoth R., Yadav D. “Bio-hydrogen
production from waste materials: a review”. 2018,
(1)1-10.
3) Kapdan I.K., Kargi F. “Enzyme and microbial
technology”. 2006, (38),569-582.
THANK YOU