MLSP112: MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PRACTICE 2

WEEK 6: DIFFERENT TESTS IN THE LABORATORY

2ND SEMESTER | MIDTERM | A.Y 2023-2024
PROFESSOR: JHASTINE UMALI, RMT

Different Tests in the Laboratory 7. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY  Function: Elevated levels indicate
 Glucose Testing kidney disorders
1. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)  Preparation: None
 Function: Elevated levels indicate  Sample: Serum
Diabetes Mellitus  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
 Preparation: 8-10 hours fasting 8. Creatinine (CREA)
required  Function: Elevated levels
 Sample: Serum indicate kidney disorders.
 Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)  Preparation: None
2. Random Blood Sugar (RBS)  Sample: Serum
 Function: Elevated levels  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive)
 indicate Diabetes Mellitus 9. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
 Preparation: No fasting required  Function: Elevated levels
 Sample: Serum indicate liver disorders.
 Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-  Preparation: None
additive)  Sample: Serum
3. Glycosylated Hemoglobin  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive)
 Other term: Hemoglobin A1 C or HbA1 10. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
C  Function: Elevated levels
 Function: Monitors diabetes indicate myocardial infarction or liver
Mellitus monitors glucose level for the disorders.
past 3 months  Preparation: None
 Preparation: No fasting required  Sample: Serum
 Sample: Whole Blood  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive)
 Tube: EDTA (Lavender) 11. Blood Uric Acid (BUA)
4. Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGGT)  Function: Elevated levels
 Function: Detects Diabetes Mellitus, indicate kidney disorders or gout.
Gestational Diabetes and Hypoglycemia  Preparation: None
 Preparation:  Sample: Serum
• 8-10 hours fasting required for  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive)
Fasting Sample 12. Electrolytes
• Oral Introduction of glucose load  Test included: Na, K, Cl
• Extraction of 2nd and 3rd samples  Function: Evaluate body fluid balance
every hour after glucose load was  Preparation: None
introduced  Sample: Serum
 Sample: 3-4 Serum Samples  Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
 Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non-additive)
5. Lipid Profile
 HEMATOLOGY
 Tests included: Triglycerides, Total
Cholesterol, HDL, LDL 1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
 Function: Used to assess coronary risk  Test included: Red blood cell count,
 Preparation: 10-12 hours fasting White blood cell count, Platelet count,
 Sample: Serum Differential WBC count, Hemoglobin,
 Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive) Hematocrit
6. Total Cholesterol Test  Function: Used to assess the overall
 Function: Elevated levels indicate patient conditions such as anemia,
coronary risk infection, and leukemia
 Preparation: Fasting may or may not be  Preparation: None
required  Sample: Whole Blood
 Sample: Serum  Tube: EDTA (Lavender)
 Tube: Gold/Red (SST/Non- additive)

2. Coagulation Studies
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 WEEK 06: DIFFERENT TESTS IN THE LABORATORY
 Test included: Prothrombin time
(Protime/PT), Activated Partial
Thromboplastin time (APTT)
 Function: Used to assess excessive
bleeding, higher levels indicate
problems with coagulation factors
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Whole Blood
 Tube: 3.2% Sodium Citrate (Light Blue)
3. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
 Function: Higher levels indicate
inflammation or infection
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Whole Blood
 Tube: 3.8% Sodium Citrate
(Black) or EDTA (Lavender)
4. Peripheral Blood Smear
 Function: Used to assess different
types of conditions such as anemia or
leukemia
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Whole Blood
 Tube: EDTA (Lavender)
 CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
1. Urine Analysis
 Function: Used to assess certain
conditions such as urinary tract
infections and kidney disorders
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Urine
 Container: Leak-proof container
2. Fecal Analysis
 Function: Used to assess
diarrheal conditions to rule out parasitic
infections.
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Thumb-sized or pea-sized
stool
 Container: Leak-proof container
3. Fecal Occult Test (FOBT)
 Function: Used to check for hidden
(occult) blood that can be an
indication of colon cancer
 Preparation: Guaiac-based FOBT
requires food restrictions while
iFOBT/FIT test does not.
 Sample: Stool
 Container: Leak-proof container
4. Semen Analysis
 Function: Used to assess male
infertility and successful vasectomy
and vasectomy reversal
 Preparation: 3-5 days abstinence
 Sample: Semen
 Container: Leak-proof container
 BLOOD BANKING
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1. Compatibility Testing (Crossmatching)
 Test included: Blood Typing, Major and
Minor Crossmatching, and Auto
control.
 Function: Used to assess the presence
of antibodies in the recipient against
the red blood cells of the donor
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Whole Blood and
Serum/Plasma, Segment from the
blood bag
 Tube: EDTA (Pink/Lavender) and
SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
2. Blood Typing (Forward)
 Function: Used to assess
presence or absence of A and B
antigens in RBCs
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Whole Blood
 Tube: EDTA (Pink/Lavender)
 SEROLOGY
1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
 Function: Used to assess non-specific
infection or inflammation
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
2. Antistreptolysin O (ASO)
 Function: Used to assess
streptococcal infection
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
3. Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
 Function: A non-treponemal screening
test that is used for the detection of
syphilis.
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
4. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
Test
 Function: A non-treponemal
screening test that is used for
the detection of syphilis.
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
5. Hepatitis B Antigen (HBsAg)
 Function: Used to assess
recent/current infection with Hepatitis
B virus
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)
6. HIV Rapid Antigen Test
 Function: A screening test that is used
to assess recent/current infection with
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
 WEEK 06: DIFFERENT TESTS IN THE LABORATORY
 Preparation: None  Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum  Sample: Surgical specimen soaked in
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red) formalin (1:10)
7. Dengue NS1 Antigen Test  Container: Leak-proof container
 Function: Used to assess 2. Papsmear
recent/current infection with Dengue  Function: Used to assess cervical
Virus cancer and bacterial vaginosis
 Preparation: None  Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum  Sample: Endocervical swab
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)  Container: Slide
8. Dengue IgG/IgM Test
 Function: Used to assess if the patient
have produced antibodies against
Dengue Virus which indicates previous
infection with Dengue Virus
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Serum
 Tube: SST/Non-additive (Gold/Red)

 MICROBIOLOGY
1. Gram Stain
 Function: Used to check for
microorganisms (bacteria or
fungi) in the patient sample
 Preparation: None
 Sample: Body fluids (Urine,
Sputum, Wound etc.)
 Container: Leak-proof container
2. Acid Fast Bacilli Stain (AFB)
 Function: Used to check for acid fast
bacilli (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
 Preparation: No recent meal prior to
collection
 Sample: First-morning sputum
 Container: Leak-proof container

 Culture and Sensitivity Testing

 Culture: Used to assess the cause of patient

infection and will help you identify the specific
bacteria causing the infection
 Sensitivity: Used to assess which specific antibiotics
or medication will be effective against the bacteria
that causes patient infection

 HISTOPATHOLOGY

1. Histopathological Examination
 Function: Used to assess malignancies
and disease causes in histopathologic
samples

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