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To cite this article: Maya Amalia et al 2023 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1184 012013 - The effectiveness of detention basin in
Soursoup (Annona muricata L.) farming
land of Selopamioro village – Bantul,
Yogyakarta
R Kurniawan, Ngadisih, Murtiningrum et al.
Maya Amalia*1, Bani Noor Muchamad2, Maulidya Putri Sutanti1, Elma Sofia1,
Noordiah Helda1
1Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University,
Indonesia
2
Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia
Keywords: Flood, Campus I ULM, HEC-RAS, Der Werduwen Method, Detention Basin.
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
1. Introduction
The city of Banjarmasin has a relatively flat topographical plain (often inundated by water) with an
average height of 0.16 meters below sea level for the entire area. Located close to the mouth of the Barito
River and divided by the Martapura River. It has a soil slope of 0.13% with a geological composition
dominated by clay, fine sand, and alluvial deposits and the soil surface is covered by gravel, sand, and
clay that settles in rivers and swamps [1]. Based on this, the city of Banjarmasin is easily inundated with
water either due to rain or overflowing river water due to tides.
Rain with moderate to high intensity caused flooding in mid-January 2021 in South Kalimantan
Province. This wide-scale flood, triggered by high rainfall since January 9, 2021, also inundated 11
regencies/cities in South Kalimantan. The Banjarmasin Campus I area of Lambung Mangkurat
University (ULM Campus I) was inundated to a height of 50 cm. Floods caused by high tides coupled
with several days of rain inundated most of the campus area which hindered access to learning and
administration [2]. Furthermore, the inability of the drainage channel to drain rainwater that falls into
the river has exacerbated the overflow of water that occurs, especially to the Campus I ULM road [3].
Flood control methods applied both structural and non-structural. Non-structural flood control
method is the design of a flood inundation area mapping as an informative tool in disaster mitigation
[4]. Mapping is carried out to determine inundation height and flood volume with a certain return period.
Further, it can function as preventive measures, which leads to permanent solutions that can be carried
out in overcoming flooding [5]. Another alternative to flood control system is based on structural
method, namely the design of detention basins. Detention basin is considered as one of the alternatives
that is quite effective in flood control in urban areas which functions as a detention basin and water
catchment. In the condition of the study area, efforts need to be made to overcome the problem of
flooding that occurs as an effort to control water and puddles caused by overflowing of river water and
rainwater [6]. This study aims to analyze the volume of the flood, the dimensions of the detention basin,
and the optimal location of the detention basin.
2. Methodology
The research location is in the Banjarmasin Campus I area of Lambung Mangkurat University
which is located on Brigadier General H. Hasan Basri Kayu Tangi road, North Banjarmasin District,
Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan Province. The picture of the research location can be seen in Figure
1.
Rainfall data obtained from the BMKG Syamsuddin Noor station in the form of maximum annual
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
rainfall data for the last 20 years. Hydrological statistical parameters were calculated, and the results
were corresponding with the requirements for each type of distribution, namely Normal, Log Normal,
Gumbel and Log Pearson III. Then the distribution suitability test was carried out with the Chi Square
and Smirnov Kolmogorov Test and continued with the calculation of the designed rainfall. The design
rainfall is calculated from maximum rainfall analysis then calculates the designed flood discharge using
the Der Weduwen method. The cross-sectional analysis includes the layout of Campus I Banjarmasin
ULM has obtained using Google Earth data meanwhile topographic data taken using field survey
investigation. Inundation conditions at ULM Campus I area obtained through field survey
measurements.
The results of flood volume will be used as a reference for designed the detention basin. The
dimensions volume of detention basin will be designed greater than designed flood volume. According
to the dimensions of detention basin as a result the flooding can be controlled optimally. Spatial data
and the layout of Campus I Banjarmasin ULM will be taken into consideration in determining the
location for the detention basin.
Hydrology is the study of the distribution of water above and below the earth's surface, involving
the reaction of the physical and chemical properties of water on earth and the environment. The most
influential hydrological factor is rainfall (precipitation). Rainfall volume in an area is one of the factors
that determine the amount of flood discharge that occurs in the area that receives it [8].
b. Coefficient of Skewness (Cs), Coefficient of Variation (Cv) and Coefficient of Kurtosis (Ck)
∑ (
)
Cs = ()()
Cv =
∑ (
)
Ck = ()()()
(2)
Where:
X = rainfall (mm)
= mean rainfall(mm)
n = amount of data
S = standard deviation (mm)
Cs = coefficient skewness
Cv = Coefficient of variation
Ck = coefficient of kurtosis
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
This method is intended to determine the suitability of the distribution equation that is selected and
can represent the sample of the analyzed data. There are two types of Test, the Chi Square and Smirnov
Kolmogorov tests. In these tests, the expected values of the calculation results are usually observed [11].
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
:9 ;3,;>
* = -4 . ?2,-> (10)
4,> 4,>
# = 0,25. . % .D (11)
Where:
Qn = flood discharge (m³/s) with probability of not being fulfilled n%
Rn = maximum daily rainfall (mm/day) with probability of not being met n%
α = run off coefficient
β = area reduction coefficient for watershed rainfall
qn = rainfall (m³/s.km²)
A = flow area (km²)
t = duration of rainfall (hours)
L = river length (km)
I = gradient of river or terrain
2.7 Flood Inundation Mapping
Flood inundation mapping process requires data from hydraulic and hydrologic analysis. The
equation of river slope [13] is:
LMN?OPQR PTPU.VWY N?OPQR PTPU.
EFGHE IJKH = \ 100% (12)
TP Z?[
where:
downstream elevation = elevation at the observed bottom point
Upstream elevation = elevation at the observed top point
Length = distance between 2 observed points
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
Table 4. Type of Distribution Based Statistic Parameter, Chi Square Test and Smirnov Kolmogorov Test
Distribution Statistic Parameter Chi Square Test Smirnov Kolmogorov
Normal Unsuitable Unsuitable Suitable
Log Normal Unsuitable Suitable Suitable
Gumbel Unsuitable Unsuitable Suitable
Log Pearson III Suitable Suitable Unsuitable
Based on Table 4, the type of Distribution that is considered suitable is Log Pearson III. There are
two test to carry out the distribution suitability test, the Chi Square Test and the Smirnov Kolmogorov
Test. Based on the results of the Chi Square Test, the type of Distribution that is considered suitable and
can be used in further analysis is the Log Pearson III Distribution. The results show, the Smirnov
Kolmogorov test is unsuitable. On the different method, Log Normal, is not suitable according to
distribution analysis. Log Normal have two suitable condition due to Chi Square Test and Smirnov
Kolmogorov Test. Table 5 shows the value for Log Normal and Log Pearson III return period, the
difference between two distributions for 20 years return period is less than 1.5%. This condition
determined the Log Normal method had chosen.
Designed rainfall results from the Log Pearson III and Log Normal with return periods of 2, 5, 10,
and 20 years is presented in Table 5.
Table 5. Designed rainfall of Log Pearson III and Log Normal with various return periods.
Return Periods Log Pearson III Log Normal Difference
T (year) (mm) (mm) (%)
2 109.62 109.62 0.000
5 142.80 142.71 0.063
10 163.96 163.85 0.067
20 180.90 183.46 1.415
The designed flood discharge with Der Weduwen method can be used at catchment area less than
100 km2, based on the results of the analysis using Google Earth, it was found that the study area in this
research is 3.98 km2. Then this method is considered eligible and can be used. According to field
measurements survey, the upper elevation (P1) in the middle of the river is 5.88 meters above sea level
and the lowest elevation (P13) in the middle of the river is 5.62 meters above sea level with a river length
of 536.6 m. The slope of the river is 0.0005 or 0.05%. The results of designed flood presented in Table
6. The flood discharge value from the 20-year return period is 89.30 m3/s, the value used as a boundary
condition for HEC-RAS simulation model.
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
Figure 2. Water level condition of 20 years discharge value as Q20 = 89.30 m3/s.
Analysis of cross-sectional view, height of water level in the upstream, middle, and downstream
parts, has different heights due to the cross-sectional dimensions, different base elevations, river slopes,
and the width of the river cross-section. In the downstream part, the inundation tends to be lower, while
in the upstream part the inundation tends to be higher.
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
It can be seen in Figure 4 that water level on the Upstream side of ULM Campus I River at +9.38
m, and water level reached 2.38 m from the side elevation of the river which at +7 m. Figure 5 shows
that water level in the middle parts of the Campus I ULM River +8.74 m, water level reached level of
1.74 m on the left and 2.74 m on the right side of the riverbank. Which is at +7 m on the left side and
+6 m on the right side.
Figure 5. Flood Water Level Middle (P7) Cross Section River Campus I ULM
Figure 6 shows water level in the Lower reach of river at station P13 was at +7.61 m, water level
reached 0.61 m from the side elevation of the river which is at +7 m.
The calculation of the total volume of the designed flood from HEC-RAS with a return period of
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
195 m
130 m
330 m
160 m
Figure 7. Design and Location of Detention Basin 1 Nearby to the General Building
Based on Figure 8, it can be seen that there is an open area opposite the Master of Law Building
with an area of 8,215.54 m2. At the location of detention basin 2, the actual conditions in the field
indicate that the area is dominated by shrubs and swamps and has a lower elevation than the surrounding
area. So the key is that this location can be used as the location of detention basin 2 and green open
space in the Banjarmasin Campus I area.
45 m
35 m
170 m
120 m
Figure 8. Design and Location of Detention Basin 2 Nearby to the Master of Law Building
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
Based on the results of the design flood analysis using HEC-RAS for a 20-year return period with
a discharge of 89.30 m3/s and a flood volume of 36,100 m3, the cumulative volume of the designed
detention basin, which is 37,500 m3, is concluded to be applicable. Shallow-designed detention basins
are considered appropriate to prevent excessive costs for excavation and foundation planning, as well as
preventing damage due to excessive water pressure caused by excessive depth.
Based on the results of the ULM Campus I analysis obtained from the application of ArcGIS and
spatial data obtained from Google Earth, the contours were obtained which were used as comparisons
to determine the location of the detention basin according to the height of the land. The results of contour
analysis with ArcGIS can be seen in Figure 9.
Open area
retention basin 1
Open area
retention basin 2
Figure 9. Contour Analysis Results with ArcGIS in the Banjarmasin Campus I Area Lambung
Mangkurat University
Based on Figure 9, it can be concluded that the area with the lowest elevation is around the General
Building and the Master of Law Building with an elevation between + 4.7 masl to +6.3 masl, 0.5 meters
to 2.2 meters lower than the area surrounding areas which are at an elevation of +6.8 masl to +8.5 masl.
Final result in this research compare to the previous research in India, Mumbai city. The detention
pond has the capacity to mitigate inundation, which would inundate past drainage system, located to
upstream of the catchment [19]. The location of detention basin in this research located at two different
location, first located in Master Program of Law is South side and the North side is located at General
Building. Detention basin located at downstream area, different from the previous research because of
the free space availability at study location.
4. Conclusion
According to the simulation the cumulative designed flood volume was 36,010 m3 with a discharge
value of 89.30 m3/s. According to Google Earth imaging, the open area of Campus I ULM was located
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Second International Symposium on Civil Engineering and Environmental Research IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184 (2023) 012013 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012013
at 2 points, at the open area around the General Building, it was designed the detention basin 1 with
dimensions of 160 m x 130 m x 1.5 m with a storage capacity of 31,200 m3 and an open area in front of
the Master of Law Building was designed detention basin 2 with dimensions of 120 m x 35 m x 1.5 m
with a storage capacity of 6,300 m3 and the cumulative detention basin volume was 37,500 m3. Analysis
using ArcGIS shows that these 2 locations are optimal as detention basin locations because they have a
lower elevation than the surrounding area.
References
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