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AN APPROACH TO INTERIOR LIGHTING DESIGN TO CONTROL LAMP AND

LUMINARIES FOR A HERITAGE STRUCTURE

Research · June 2015

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35551.48807

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Anubrata Mondal Kamalika Ghosh

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 AN APPROACH TO INTERIOR LIGHTING DESIGN TO
CONTROL LAMP AND LUMINARIES FOR A HERITAGE
STRUCTURE
Anubrata Mondal1 and Dr. Kamalika Ghosh2
1
M.Tech Student in Illumination Technology and Design, School of Illumination Science,
Engineering and Design, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700 032 and Lecturer, South Calcutta
Polytechnic, Kolkata.
2
Director, School of Illumination Science, Engineering and Design, Jadavpur University,
Abstract:-Interior lighting design of a Heritage Building is much more challenging than any other
lighting designing. The interior lighting design follows specific guidelines but it can be varied
depending upon the designer’s choice.Tomorrow lighting will be enriched and ornamented with the
maximum use of technology incorporating the newly developed energy efficient lighting concept.
Although, application of Energy efficient & modern Lighting arrangement are not solution of good
Lighting Design. So, uses proper no. of Lamp with Luminaries & its scientific arrangements are very
much essential. The Rabindra Bharti Museum, popularly known as “The Jorasanko Thakurbari” is a
heritage structure on Kolkata over 217 years which given the birth of many important figures and
pride of Bengal – the Tagores and the most importantly the 1st Nobel laureate of INDIA,
Rabindranath Tagore.This paper attempts to give a brief idea about the control of no. of interior
Lamps & Luminaries in terms of energy savings against existing lighting design for a typical area of
Thakurbari according to Theoretical approach and also implement it software simulation.
Keywords- Heritage, DIALux-software, Light Power Density, Illuminance, Cavity Ratio.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Rabindra Bharti Museum is the Cultural pilgrimage site of INDIA which is only present in
Jorasanko and has a great importance in Bengal’s culture, art, literature and rich heritage.It is one of
the most attracting and inspiring place for visit of the literature lovers and it is always an
extraordinary experience for the Tagore Lovers.Today this museum that has three galleries dedicated
to Tagore, members of his family and the Bengal Renaissance,was inaugurated on 8th May 1961, by
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, on the Birth Centenary of the Nobel Laureate [1].

II. EXISTING PHYSICAL FABRIC

The museum has three parts – Bichitra Bhawan, Maharshi Bhawan, and Ram Bhawan. Bichitra
Bhawan (Typical Area of Thakurbari) has a large hall with a rich collection of Tagore’s photographs
covering his visits to erstwhile Burma (1930), Moscow (1930), and meetings with scientist Albert
Einstein, deaf-blind author Hellen Keller. There are also snaps of the poet with Arabic Bedouins. A
stroll of Bichitra Bhawan while listening to Tagore’s popular song “Chokher aloye dekhechhilem”
helps people to become one with the master. It also exhibits costly utensils of porcelain and white
marble used by the affluent Tagores [1].

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

Fig. 1: Existing view of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum

III. INTERIROR LIGHTING DESIGNING STEPS FOR BICHITRA BHAWAN

 Physical survey of the Bichitra hall.
 Prepare inventory& Photometric study onExisting Lamp & Luminaires of Bichitra Hall.
 Comparative Study with Standard codes and Guidelines.
 Identifying the problems of existing lighting design.
 Control & Explore Lamps and Luminaires against existing design.
 Validates the above design with DIALux-software

IV. PHYSICAL SURVEY OF THE BICHITRA HALL

Fig 2: Existing plan of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum

V. PREPARE INVENTORY & PHOTOMETRIC STUDY ON EXISTING LAMP &

LUMINAIRES OF BICHITRA HALL
VI.
1. Prepare Inventory Existing Lamp & Luminaires
Table 1: Existing Lamps and Luminaries in Bichitra Hall
Area Museum Lamp type No. of Luminaries
collection Quantity Type

Bichitra Tagore’s T12 (40 Watt) 30 Suspended

Hall Photographs
and T8 (36 Watt) 2
Sculptures

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

2. Photometric Study on Existing Lamp & Luminaries [2, 3, 4]

Fig 3: Existing Photometric plan of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum

 Area Calculation: Total Area of Bichitra Bhawan Part I & II = 109.56m2.

 Wattage Calculation: In the Bichitra Bhawan there are 30 nos. of 40 watts T12 luminaire and
2 nos. 36watts T8 luminaire available. Due to electromagnetic choke 12 watts loss will take in
every tube. Total power consumptions = [(40+12) x 30] + [(36+12) x 2] = 1656 watt.
 LPD (Light Power Density): Total wattage/Total area = (1656/109.56) = 15.12 watt/m2.
 Lux Calculation: To estimate Lux level, at first some grid points are to be taken as per room
area. Then using Lux meter illuminance values at the mid-point of each grid zone have been
measured. Finally for each area, the average value of these data has been taken into account.
Avg. Level of illuminance = (7015.3/54) = 129.91 lux.

VI. COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH STANDARD CODES AND GUIDELINES

Table 2: Existing Photometric data in Bichitra Hall

Area Calculated Recommend Remark Calculate Recommende Remarks
LPD Value ed LPD s d d
2
(watt/m )[5 Value as per Illuminan Illuminance
] ECBC ce Value as per
(watt/m2)[6] Value IS-3646
(Lux)[5] (Lux)[6]
Bichitra 15.12 14 Not 129.1 250-300 Low
Hall within
limit

VII. IDENTIFYING THE MAJOR PROBLEM OF EXISTING LIGHTING DESIGN

Here, All Fluorescent lamps are T12 with electromagnetic ballast. Although no. of lamp &
luminaires are more, but Lux level is not satisfied as per IS-3646 and LPD value is high as per ECBC
2009.

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

VIII. CONTROL & EXPLORE LAMPS AND LUMINAIRES AGAINST EXISTING

DESIGN

1. Control the no. of Lamps with Luminaires: -Generally no. of Lamps depends upon the area of
the room, application of area and target Lux Level. Here calculate how many no. Of Lamps are to be
required for Bichitra Hall with help of a theoretical approach (CAVITY RATIO CALCULATION)
[4]. Bichitra hall divided in to two parts (Part- I, Part- II). So no of Lamps with Luminaire calculated
for these two areas.
PART – 1:-
Direct light is required in (18.9 X 4.95) mt2 or (62 x 16.24) ft2
Target lux level = 300 lux.
The distance between luminaire to ceiling = 1.25mt/4.1ft
The distance between luminaire to working plane = 2.29mt/7.5ft
The distance between working plane to floor = .6mt/1.96ft
𝜌c (ceiling reflectance) = 80%, 𝜌w (wall reflectance) = 50%,
𝜌f (floor reflectance) = 10%
𝜌cw (ceiling to wall reflectance) = 70%
𝜌wf(wall to floor reflectance)=30%
CCR (ceiling cavity ratio) = (5*4.1*(62+16.24))/ (62*16.24) = 1.59 ⋍ 1.6
So, from chart EFFECTIVE CEILING CAVITY REFLECTANCE = 60 (CONSIDERING 1.6)
FCR (floor cavity ratio) = (5*1.96*(62+16.24))/ (62*16.24) = 0.76
RCR (room cavity ratio) = (5*7.5*(62+16.24))/ (62*16.24) = 2.91
Now find out CU using effective ceiling cavity ratio, RCR and wall reflectance from chart [4]:-
For 2.91 RCR we get the value of CU = 0.53
Now find out MF (Maintenance Factor) using effective ceiling cavity ratio and wall reflectance from
chart [4]:-
For 2.91 wall reflectance we get two value of MF = 0.957& 0.967
So, ultimate MF = 0.962
Now, COU (Co-efficient of Utilization) = CU*MF =0.51
So, total no. of required luminaries = (300*18.9*4.95)/ (1*3250*1.6*0.51) = 11

PART -2:-
Direct light is required in (4.42 X 3.62) mt2 or (14.5 x 11.88) ft2
Target lux level = 300 lux.
The distance between luminaire to ceiling = 1.25mt/4.1ft
The distance between luminaire to working plane = 2.29mt/7.5ft
The distance between working plane to floor = .6mt/1.96ft
𝜌c (ceiling reflectance) = 80%, 𝜌w (wall reflectance) = 50%,
𝜌f (floor reflectance) = 10%
𝜌cw (ceiling to wall reflectance) = 70%
𝜌wf(wall to floor reflectance) =30%
CCR (ceiling cavity ratio) = (5*4.1*(14.5+11.88))/ (14.5*11.88)= 3.14 ⋍ 3
So, from chart EFFECTIVE CEILING CAVITY REFLECTANCE = 47 (CONSIDERING 1.6)
FCR (floor cavity ratio) = (5*1.96*(14.5+11.88))/ (14.5*11.88) =1.5
RCR (room cavity ratio) = (5*7.5*(14.5+11.88))/ (14.5*11.88) =5.75
Now find out CU using effective ceiling cavity ratio, RCR and wall
Reflectance from chart [4]:-
For 5.75 RCR we get the value of CU = 0.39

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

Now find out MF (Maintenance Factor) using effective ceiling cavity ratio and wall reflectance from
chart [4]:-
For 5.75 wall reflectance we get two value of MF = 0.977& 0.982
So, ultimate MF = 0.9795
Now, COU (Co-efficient of Utilization) = CU*MF = 0.38
So, total no. of required luminaries = (300*4.42*3.62)/ (1*3250*3*0.38) =3

Actual required the total no. of luminaries = 14

2.Proposal for explore Lamps with Luminaries according to the Cavity Ratio Method:- It is
very much important that the control of Lamps with Luminaire are not solution for scientific lighting
design, when proper visualization & minimum energy consumptions are to be added this control,
then it should be reach ultimate goal.

Proposals [7, 8]:-

 Use those type of indoor artificial light sources which Lumen value is high (T5, LED), in this
way no. of luminaries are to be reduce to fixed target Lux Level.
 Increased the height between ceiling and down lighter for developed Lux value to unchanged
target Lux Level.
 Using accent Light to highlight specific area and controlled ambient lighting as per
requirement.

IX. EXPLORE LAMPS AND LUMINAIRES WITH DIALUX SOFTWARE

SIMULATION
1. DIALux Software: - It is lighting simulation software, where the luminaires of the world’s
leading manufacturers and therefore has the greatest possible freedom in the design process. It is
very simple, effective and professional light planning with a complete software package FREE OF
CHARGE with photo realistic visualization and available in all main languages of the world (26
languages at present) [9].
2. Proposed Lighting Design (With T5) of Bichitra Hall with DIALux Software:-

Fig 4: Proposed Photometric plan (Top View) of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using T5

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

Fig 5: Proposed Photometric plan (Ant View) of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using T5

Fig 6: Proposed Photometric plan of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using T5
Dialux simulation result:

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

3. Proposed Lighting Design (With LED) of Bichitra Hall with DIALux Software:-

Fig 7: Proposed Photometric plan (Top View) of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using LED

Fig 8: Proposed Photometric plan (Ant View) of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using LED

Fig 9: Proposed Photometric plan of Bichitra Hall in Rabindra Bharati Museum using LED
Dialux simulation result:

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

X. RESULT
1. Prepare inventory after Proposed Design:-
Table 3: Proposed Lamps and Luminaries in Bichitra Hall
Area Museum Design Lamp type [10,11] No. Of Luminarie
collection quantity s type

Bichitra Tagore’s With T5(40 Watt with 19 Suspended

Hall Photographs and Fluorescent ballast loss)
Sculptures
With LED Track Lighting (48 22
Watt)

2. Collect Photometric Data after Proposed Design:-

Table 4: Proposed Photometric data in Bichitra Hall
Area Design Calculate Recommen Remar Calculat Recommend Remarks
d ded LPD ks ed ed
LPD Value as Illumina Illuminance
Value per ECBC nce Value as per
(watt/m2)[ (watt/m2) Value IS-3646
5] [6] (Lux) [5] (Lux) [6]
Bichitr With 7.18 14 Within 230 250-300 Satisfied
a Hall Fluoresce limit
nt
With LED 9.98 14 Within 261 250-300 Satisfied
limit

XI. CONCLUSIONS

From above result, it is clear that use of more no. of Lamps with Luminaries is not solution of good
lighting design. Here, done an energy efficient lighting design with DIALux software that maintain

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 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume 02, Issue 06, [June – 2015] ISSN (Online):2349–9745; ISSN (Print):2393-8161

standard codes and guidelines and also controlled no. of Lamps with Luminaries. Uses, T5 & LED it
can save energy that can be shown in below.

Table 5: Comparison between Existing and Proposed lighting Design in terms of Power Consumptions

Area Wattage Calculation Design Wattage Calculation

Bichitra Bhawan Bichitra Bhawan
(Watt)-Existing (Watt)-Proposed
Bichitra Bhawan 1656 With Fluorescent 760
With LED 1056

 Power consumption with existing arrangement = 1656 watt

 Power consumption after modification = 760 or 1056 watt
 So, total power savings = (1656-760 or 1056) = 896 or 600 watt
PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY SAVINGS = [(1656-760 or 1056) / 1656] x 100% = 54.10% or
36.23%
So, this paper is centred on the Interior Lighting Design of a Heritage Building, where main
objectives were to propose a new energy efficient lighting deign to control no. of Lamps and
Luminaries with help of DIALux simulation software.

REFERENCES
[1] http://kolkatacitytours.com/rabindranath-tagore-house-jorasanko-thakur-bari/, accessed on February 25 2014.
[2] J.A. Veitch, and G.R Newsham, Lighting Quality and Energy-Efficiency Effects on Task Performance, Lighting
Quality and Energy- Efficiency, Mood, Health, Satisfaction and Comfort, Proceedings of the Illumination
Engineers Society North America Conference, page.47, 1997.
[3] S.T. Handerson, and A.M. Marsden, Lamps and Lighting, Edward Arnold Publications, 2nd Edition, 1975.
[4] Jack L. Lindsey, Applied Illumination Engineering, The Fairmont Press, Inc , 2nd Edition, 1997 Page-195 to199
[5] Energy Conservation Building Code: 2009 (ECBC: 2009).
[6] Indian Standard: 3646 (IS: 3646), 1992.
[7] J. Druzik,, Illuminating Alternatives: Research in Museum Lighting, Newsletter, Getty Conservation Institute,
22.3, fall 2007.
[8] M.A. Elottol, and A. Bahauddin, , A Competitive Study on the Interior Environment and the Interior Circulation
Design of Malaysian Museums and Elderly Satisfaction, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2011
[9] DIALux Simulation Software 4.11 version.
[10] http://www.pegasuslighting.com/museum-lighting.html, accessed on January 18 2014.
[11] http://india.alibaba.com/country/products_india-price-LED-tube-light-t8.html, accessed on February 12 2014.

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