‫الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية‬

Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria

‫وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي‬
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Module: Descriptive space

geometry (GDE)

Insert the sub title of your presentation

Intersection of volumes
 Introduction

Introduction
A complicated solid is an association of several elementary solids that are
connected to each other along lines or curves called lines of intersection.
1- Intersection types
There are two different types of intersection:
1-1 Penetration 1-2 Clef
When one solid penetrates the other
When a penetrating solid retains

Intersection of
and all the ends are located on the
intersection, or when the line of uncut edges or generatrices.

volumes
intersection is made up of two
separate parts.
 2- Construction methods for dividing lines
2-1 Polyhedron intersection
The intersection of two polyhedrons is a polygonal line whose vertices are edges
of one with faces of the other. We can either determine the sides of the polygonal

intersection
Polyhedron
line, which are the intersections of the faces of one with the faces of the other.

The two polyhedrons are intersected by auxiliary planes (in the case of plane
sections of polyhedrons). The intersection of an auxiliary plane with the two
polyhedrons determines two polygons (two plane sections) which intersect at one
or more points belonging to the intersection we are looking for.
 2- Construction methods for dividing lines
2-1 Polyhedron intersection
The auxiliary plans are selected as follows :
1- In the intersection of two pyramids: planes passing through the vertices of

intersection
the two pyramids (opt for planes passing through the vertices of the two

Polyhedron
pyramids and through the edges of the pyramids).

2- In the case of a pyramid and a prism: planes passing through the vertex of
the pyramid and parallel to the edges of the prism.

3- In the case of two prisms: planes parallel to the lateral edges of the two
polyhedrons.
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids
Construct the intersection of the two pyramids (ABCS) and (EFGM) shown in the
drawing below:

intersection
Polyhedron
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids
To find the intersections of the two pyramids, we need to pass the auxiliary planes
through the vertices of pyramids M and S, and therefore through line D (the line
passing through the vertices).

intersection
Polyhedron
(AS, BS et CS) ∩ (EFGM):
(AS) ∩ (EFGM):
Pass an auxiliary plane (PαQ') through
(AS).
(pα) does not intersect (efg).
(AS) does not intersect the pyramid
(EFGM).
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids

(AS, BS et CS) ∩ (EFGM):

(BS) ∩ (EFGM):

intersection
Polyhedron
Pass an auxiliary plane through (BS)
(P1α1Q’1).
(p1α1) ∩ (eg) = v.
(p1α1) ∩ (ef) = n.
(vm) ∩ (bs) = 5.
(nm) ∩ (bs) = 6.
(BS) cut (EFGM) in points 5 and 6, their
frontal projections 5’ and 6’ (by the
reference line on (b's')).
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids

(AS, BS et CS) ∩ (EFGM):

(CS) ∩ (EFGM):
Pass an auxiliary plane through (CS)

intersection
Polyhedron
(P2α2Q’2).
(p2α2) ∩ (eg) = u.
(p2α2) ∩ (ef) = l.
(um) ∩ (cs) = 7.
(lm) ∩ (cs) = 8.
(CS) cut (EFGM) in points 7 and 8, their
frontal projections 7’ and 8’ (by the
reference line on (c's')).
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids
To find the intersections of the two pyramids, we need to pass the auxiliary planes
through the vertices of pyramids M and S, and therefore through line D (the line
passing through the vertices).

intersection
Polyhedron
(EM, FM et GM) ∩ (ABCS):
(EM) ∩ (ABCS):
Pass an auxiliary plane (TβR') through
(EM).
(tβ) does not intersect (abc).
(EM) does not intersect the pyramid
(ABCS).
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids

(EM, FM et GM) ∩ (ABCS):

(FM) ∩ (ABCS):

intersection
Polyhedron
Pass an auxiliary plane through (FM)
(T1β1R’1).
(t1β1) ∩ (ab) = h.
(t1β1) ∩ (ac) = i.
(hs) ∩ (fm) = 1.
(is) ∩ (fm) = 2.
(FM) intersects (ABCS) at points 1 and 2,
their frontal projections 1’ and 2’ (by the
reference line on (f'm')).
 2-1-1 Intersection of two pyramids

(EM, FM et GM) ∩ (ABCS):

(GM) ∩ (ABCS):

intersection
Polyhedron
Pass an auxiliary plane through (GM)
(T2β2R’2).
(t2β2) ∩ (ac) = j.
(t2β2) ∩ (ab) = k.
(js) ∩ (gm) = 3.
(ks) ∩ (gm) = 4.
(GM) intersects (ABCS) at points 3 and 4,
their frontal projections 3’ and 4’ (by the
reference line on (g'm')).
 2-1-2 Intersection of pyramid and prism
We have a prism with a hexagonal
cross-section and a pyramid with a
pentagonal base in a horizontal plane.

intersection
Polyhedron
The most rational solution is therefore to
pass end planes through the top of the
pyramid and the edges of the prism.

The intersection is not complete, so there

is a clef.
 2-1-2 Intersection of pyramid and prism
Prism:
• A right plane passing through edge 5 of the
prism gives two straight lines in the pyramid (SJ,
SK).

intersection
Polyhedron
• A right plane passing through edge 4 of the
prism gives two straight lines in the pyramid
(SH, SN).
• A right plane passing through edge 3 of the
prism gives two straight lines in the pyramid
(SG, SP).
• A right plane passing through edge 6 of the
prism gives two straight lines in the pyramid (SI,
SM).
 2-1-2 Intersection of pyramid and prism
Oblique pyramid:
• A right plane passing through the SB edge of the
pyramid gives two straight lines in the prism (7,
14).

intersection
Polyhedron
• A right plane passing through the SC edge of the
pyramid gives two straight lines in the prism (8,
13).
• A right plane passing through the SD edge of the
pyramid gives two straight lines in the prism
(10, 11).
• A right plane passing through the SA edge of the
pyramid gives two straight lines in the prism (9,
12).
 2-1-2 Intersection of pyramid and prism

Prism ∩ Pyramid: Pyramid ∩ Prism:

• Edge 5 ∩ (SJ) = α. • Edge A ∩ (9) = Φ.

intersection
Polyhedron
• Edge 5 ∩ (SK) = η. • Edge A ∩ (12) = φ.
• Edge 4 ∩ (SH) = P. • Edge B ∩ (7) = ε.
• Edge 4 ∩ (SN) = τ. • Edge B ∩ (14) = λ.
• Edge 3 ∩ (SG) = μ. • Edge C ∩ (8) = δ.
• Edge 3 ∩ (SP) = K. • Edge C ∩ (13) = υ.
• Edge 6 ∩ (SI) = χ. • Edge D ∩ (10) = σ.
• Edge 6 ∩ (SM) = γ. • Edge D ∩ (11) = β.
2-1-2 Intersection of pyramid and prism

intersection
Polyhedron
 2- Construction methods for dividing lines
2-2 Intersection of revolution surfaces
The line of intersection of two surfaces of revolution (cylinder, cone, sphere) can
be drawn as follows:

Intersection of
revolution. S
The frontal plane method: as auxiliary surfaces.

The auxiliary sphere method is simple, fast and accurate, but can only
be used for surfaces of revolution with concurrent axes.
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders
Consider a first cylinder with a vertical axis (UU1) and a second with a frontal
axis (VV1), shown in the drawing below.
Draw the line of their junction intersection.

Intersection of
revolution. S
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders
The intersection of a sphere with a surface of revolution (cylinder and cone) is a
circle or two circles when its centre is on the axis of the said surface of
revolution.

Intersection of
revolution. S
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders
(F) is the intersection of the two axes (VV1) and (UU1) of the two cylinders. The
sphere with centre (F) intersects the two cylinders along two circles:
• Circle C1 with the cylinder of axis (VV1).
• Circle C2 with the cylinder of axis (UU1).
The intersection of the two circles at (1) and (2) are two points of the desired

Intersection of
revolution. S
intersection:
• Circle C1 is perpendicular to (VV1), and circle C2 is perpendicular to (UU1).
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders

Point 1:
(G1) (the generatrix of the oblique

Intersection of
cylinder) ∩ (G) (the generatrix of the

revolution. S
vertical cylinder) => (g'1) ∩ (g') = 1',
recall 1' on g1 (g1 = g2) we get 1.
Point 2:
(G2) (the generatrix of the oblique
cylinder) ∩ (G) (the generatrix of the
vertical cylinder) => (g'2) ∩ (g') = 2',
recall 2' on g2 (g1 = g2) we get 2.
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders
Point 3:
(G3) (the generatrix of the oblique
cylinder) ∩ the lateral surface of the
vertical cylinder => 3, (g3) ∩ the
horizontal projection of the vertical

Intersection of
revolution. S
cylinder = 3, recall 3 on (g'3) we get
3’.
Point 4:
(G4) (the generatrix of the oblique
cylinder) ∩ the lateral surface of the
vertical cylinder => 4, (g4) ∩ the
horizontal projection of the vertical
cylinder = 4, recall 4 on (g'4) we get
4'.
 2-2-1 Intersection of two cylinders
The two surfaces are intersected by a set of auxiliary spheres with centre (F) and
different diameters.
The intersection of the sphere with each of the surfaces gives us a circle that is
perpendicular to the projection plane.
The intersection of the two circles gives us two points belonging to the line of

Intersection of
revolution. S
intersection of the two surfaces.
Thank you for your
attention