Rapport des activités

scientifiques

Formation Doctorale : Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement

OUSSAMA BEKKOUCH
Publications Scientifiques
 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect
Food Science and Human Wellness 6 (2017) 28–33

Phenolic extract from Ocimum basilicum restores lipid metabolism in

Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice and prevents lipoprotein-
rich plasma oxidation
∗
Ilham Touiss, Saloua Khatib, Oussama Bekkouch, Souliman Amrani, Hicham Harnafi
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
Received 8 September 2016; received in revised form 15 January 2017; accepted 17 February 2017
Available online 4 March 2017

Abstract

In this study we investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-lipoprotein-oxidation activities of phenolic extract from sweet basil a popular
culinary herb. The hypolipidemic activity was studied in mice model injected intraperitoneally with Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 200 mg/kg
body weight. The animals were grouped as follows: normolipidemic control group (n = 8), hyperlipidemic control group (n = 8) and phenolic
extract-treated group (n = 8) at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. After 7 h and 24 h treatment, the oral administration of the phenolic extract
exerts a significant reduction of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001). On the other hand, we
demonstrated that the phenolic extract prevents plasma lipid oxidation by 16% (P < 0.001), 20% (P < 0.001), 32% (P < 0.001) and 44% (P <
0.001) at a doses of 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. The results were compared with ascorbic acid used as standard synthetic
antioxidant. HPLC analysis shows that the extract contains 4 major phenolics and is especially rich in rosmarinic acid. This finding indicates
that the phenolic extract might be beneficial in lowering hyperlipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis.
© 2017 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Keywords: Sweet basil; Phenolic acids; Hypocholesterolaemia; Hypotriglyceridaemia; Lipoprotein-rich plasma oxidation

1. Introduction
Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress represent the
major risk factors for the development and progression of
atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases [1,2]. A
number of experimental studies have clearly demonstrated that
high plasma LDL-cholesterol levels are positively correlated
with atherosclerosis process [3]. However, HDL-cholesterol is
an antiatherogenic fraction [4]. In addition, a long-standing
∗ key process in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis which can
Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Uni-versity
Mohamed I, 60000 Oujda, Morocco. Fax: +212 536 500603.
E-mail address: hhicham02@gmail.com (H. Harnafi).
Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.
relationship exists between high plasma triglyceride levels
and cardiovascular disease [5].
Lifestyle and dietary habits are crucial in the prevention of
some human diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclero-
sis. Indeed, the Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables is
negatively correlated with cardiovascular risk [6]. Thus, the
management of hyperlipidemia needs a strategy based on diet
control and hypolipidemic treatment [7]. In this context, it is very
important to search functional foods and dietary phytochemicals
with hypolipidemic and antioxidant virtues, because hyperlipi-
demia and low density lipoprotein oxidation are known to be the
be treated by hypolipidemic and antioxidant therapies [3].
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) from Lamiaceae family is an
aromatic plant cultivated as a culinary herb, condiment or spice
and as food aromatizing [11]. In the east of Morocco, sweet basil
is not only used for cooking but also considered as medic-inal
plant to treat hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and related

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2017.02.002
2213-4530/© 2017 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition
2018; 5(3): 66-75
http://www.aascit.org/journal/ajfsn
ISSN: 2375-3935

Phenolic Extract of Basil Prevents Lipid Oxidation

in Sunflower Oil, Beef and Turkey Meat: A
Comparison with Synthetic Antioxidant BHA

Saloua Khatib, Mohamed Harnafi, Ilham Touiss, Oussama Bekkouch, Souliman

*
Amrani, Hicham Harnafi
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
Email address

*
Corresponding author
Citation
Saloua Khatib, Mohamed Harnafi, Ilham Touiss, Oussama Bekkouch, Souliman Amrani, Hicham Harnafi. Phenolic Extract of Basil Prevents
Lipid Oxidation in Sunflower Oil, Beef and Turkey Meat: A Comparison with Synthetic Antioxidant BHA. American Journal of Food
Science and Nutrition. Vol. 5, No. 3, 2018, pp. 66-75.

Received: February 27, 2018; Accepted: April 2, 2018; Published: May 30, 2018

Abstract: In this study we investigated the protective effect of phenolic extract from sweet basil against oxidation in
sunflower oil and meat. The phenolic extract scavenges DPPH radical with an IC50= 33.3±2.89 µg/mL which is less than that
recorded by BHA (IC50= 24.17±1.44 µg/mL, P<0.01). This extract inhibits oxidative bleaching of β-carotene (IC 50= 29.5±0.87
µg/mL) relatively less than BHA (IC50= 21±1 µg/mL) (P<0.001). Moreover, the extract protects sunflower oil against oxidation
induced by copper (IC50 = 17.78±0.04 µg/mL). This activity is lower than that exerted by BHA (IC50= 16.53±0.14
µg/mL) (P<0.001). The extract also provides a significant prevention of sunflower oil peroxidation during storage at 37°C ( -
53%, P <0.001) comparing to BHA which decreases oil peroxidation by 61% (P<0.001). Against, the phenolic extract decreased
the peroxidation of oil after heating at 370°C/5h by 49% (P <0.001) while the BHA acts by 57% (P<0.001). The basil phenolic
extract significantly reduced malonaldehyde content in beef stored at 4°C (P<0.001) and in turkey meat (P
<0.001). The extract contains 211.28±1.99 mg/g total phenol. The phytochemical characterization by HPLC showed that the
extract contains four phenolic acids: caftaric acid (2.9%), chicoric acid (5.5%), caffeic (4.3%) acid and rosmarinic acid
(87.3%) which represents the major compound. In conclusion, we suggest that the basil phenolic extract is a good source of
natural antioxidants that might be exploited in food preservation.
Keywords: Sweet Basil, Phenolic Extract, Rosmarinic Acid, Antiradical Activity, Oil Peroxidation, Meat Lipid Oxidation

1. Introduction medicinal plant to treat hyperlipideamia and prevent

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a member of the
Lamiaceae family. It is an aromatic annual herb classed as an
important economic crop with wide level of cosmetic and
pharmacological applications [1-3]. This plant grows in
mountain regions, including Africa, Asia, and South America
[1]. In tropical countries of Asia, sweet basil is a major
essential-oil crop that is widely exploited in the food,
perfume, pharmaceutical and aromatherapy industries [4, 5].
In the past, sweet basil was consumed for preventing
cardiovascular related diseases, along with acting as an
antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, stomachic, and tonic
agent [1]. In east of Morocco, sweet basil is cultured as
cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have shown that
sweet basil extracts have various biological activities such as
anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial [6, 7]. Phenolic
compounds and especially rosmarinic acid are the major
phytochemicals found in the plant [8].
Lipid oxidation is the major problem of the chemical
deterioration of foods [9]. This phenomenon is triggered by
the reaction of oxygen with the unsaturated fatty acids and
progressed by intervention of free radicals in stored oils [9].
Indeed, among the direct factors that induce oil oxidation is
the process of frying which is one of the most commonly
used procedures for the preparation and production of foods
around the world [10]. In fact, the oil is continuously heated

67
European Journal of Scientific Research
ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol. 155 No 1 December, 2019, pp.40 -
57 http://www. europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com

Kidney Stone Disease (Urolithiasis): Epidemiological

Study in the Eastern Region of Morocco

Bouchra El Guerrouj
Laboratory of Water Environment and Sustainable Development
Faculty of Sciences of Oujda
E-mail: elguerroujb@gmail.com

Mohamed Bouhrim
Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics and Ethnopharmacology
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
E-mail: mohamed.bouhrim@gmail.com

Yassamine Bentata
Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Public Health
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda
E-mail: y.bentata@ump.ac.ma

Michel Daudon
Department of physiology-functional explorations
Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
E-mail: michel.daudon@tnn.aphp.fr

Mohammed Melhaoui
Laboratory of Water Environment and Sustainable
Development Faculty of Sciences of Oujda
E-mail: melhaouimohammed@gmail.com

Loubna Kharchoufa
Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics and Ethnopharmacology
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
E-mail: l.kharchoufa@ump.ac.ma

Noureddine Bencheikh
Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics and Ethnopharmacology
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
E-mail: nordin0112013@gmail.com

Oussama Bekkouch
Laboratory of biochemistry and biotechnology
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
E-mail: oussamabekkouch@hotmail.fr
Kidney Stone Disease (Urolithiasis): Epidemiological Study in the Eastern Region of Morocco 41

Hamada Imtara
Corresponding Author, Faculty of Arts and Sciences
Arab American University Palestine, p.o.box 240, jenin, Palestine
E-mail: Hamada.tarayrah@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Urinary lithiasis is a recurring pathologyin the eastern region of

whichsome forms are particularly severe and canlead to renal failure. The disease evolves
with the socioeconomic level of populations, coverage health and eating habits. This
epidemiological study of urolithiasis is the first in the eastern region of Morocco. It
proposes to study the frequency and characteristics of this disease in this region.
Material and methods: This is an epidemiological study covering a period of five
years from 2011 to 2016 in the different areas of the eastern region of Morocco. The survey
was conducted using a questionnaire including 19 questions who aimed to provide each
adult concerned withvarious information, to clarify the factors that could interfere or
participate directly or indirectly in the formation of kidney stones.
Results: The results of this study showed that nephrolithiasis in adults is
predominant in men and can affect at any age, with a maximum frequency between 30 and
50 years. Moreover, the majority of people who are suffering from lithiasis do not have
other associated pathologies of their disease, lithiasis), do not have a history of
nephrolithiasis, suffer from renal pain and are characterized by a very high frequency of
consumption of animal protein, dairy products, salty foods, and soft drinks.
Conclusion: This work could serve as a basis of reflection to propose solutions to
control this disease in the eastern region of Morocco.

Keywords: Epidemiology, EasternMorocco, Nephrolithiasis, Adults.

1. Introduction
Urolithiasis has been known since the earliest times and is inseparable from the history of Humanity.
Reflecting the sanitary conditions, eating habits and standard of living of the populations, the lithiasis is
constantly evolving both from the point of view of its epidemiological characteristics and its etiological
factors [1]. The urolithiasis term, from Greek "lithos", refers to the disease characterized by the formation
and or the presence of calculus in the kidneys or urinary tract[2].Several epidemiological factors are
involved in the predisposition to lithiasis disease, like age, sex, race, climate, geographical location,
occupation, diet, social class and genetic factors [3, 4].The number of patients diagnosed with urolithiasis is
progressively increasing [5].This pathology is estimated to affect 12% of the world population with 70–
80% and 47–60% recurrence in males and females, respectively [6].In addition, the worldwide prevalence
and incidence of calculi vary and have changed in the last several decades, with prevalence ranging from
7% to 13% in North America, 5% to 9% in Europe, and 1% to 5% in Asia [7]. In Australia, the incidence of
urolithiasis is approximately 150 per 100,000 people [8].However, in African countries, there were few
studies about urolithiasis disease except South Africa [9]. In Morocco, an epidemiological study of
urolithiasis was performed in the different departments of Hassan II Hospital in Settat, showed that the
average annual rate of hospital incidence of patients suffering from urolithiasis is estimated at 30 per
100,000 (consultation and surgery) and the annual frequency varies from 0,01 to 0,5 %[10]. Another study
that was conducted in the Rabat-Sale area about urolithiasis showed that the overall sex ratio (men/women)
was 2,03:1 and the majority of patients were aged 40 and 60 [11].
 Physiology and
Pharmacology
Physiol Pharmacol 23 (2019) 197-207

Original Article

Rosmarinic acid-rich extract from Ocimum basilicum L.

+0330 on Thursday October 29th 2020

decreases hyperlipidemia in high fat diet-induced

hyperlipidemic mice and prevents plasma lipid oxidation
iD
Ilham Touiss1* , Mohamed Harnafi1, Saloua Khatib1, Oussama Bekkouch1, Khadija
Ouguerram2, Souliman Amrani1, Hicham Harnafi1
1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco
2. Thorax Institute, UMR-S 1087/UMR-C 6291, Nantes, France

Abstract Keywords:
Introduction: In this study, we investigated the effect of basil rosmarinic acid-rich extract on Ocimum basilicum L.;
Downloaded from ppj.phypha.ir at 2:17

mice lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein oxidation and antiradical property. Rosmarinic acid; Lipid
metabolism; Lipoprotein
Methods: The rosmarinic acid rich-extract was used to treat male mice. Mice were divided oxidation; Free radical
into four groups of seven mice and treatment was performed daily and orally for 9 weeks. The scavenging
antihyperlipidemic effect was evidenced by the measurement of plasma and liver lipid
profiles. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay was used to measure the antioxidant
capacity of the phenolic extract using mice plasma rich in low density lipoprotein (LDL). The Received: 18 Feb 2019
antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free Accepted: 21 Jun 2019
radical scavenging capacity and the measurement of oxidative β-carotene bleaching.
*Correspondence to:
Results: The extract exerts a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides
I. Touiss
and LDL-cholesterol. Similar results were observed in liver total cholesterol and triglycerides.
The phenolic extract prevents lipoprotein oxidation by 93% at a dose of 25µg/ml. We also
note that the extract scavenges DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50=
12.45±0.18 µg/ml. Besides, the extract inhibits the oxidation process of β-carotene, the IC50
was 12.16±0.19 µg/ml. HPLC analysis shows that the extract contains caftaric acid (2.9%),
caffeic acid (4.3%), chicoric acid (5.5%) and rosmarinic acid (87.3%) which is the major
Tel: +212-602373893
compound.

Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the extract may be an important source of
natural compounds that can be exploited as a substrate to develop new treatment of
hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Email:
i. touiss@ump.ac.ma

(Siti et al., 2015; Viktorinova et al., 2016). These

Introduction parameters are known to be the major risk factors
contributing to the development and progression of
Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress have atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular and
become a significant health concern in recent years cerebrovascular diseases (Krauzová et al., 2016).
Prev. Nutr. Food Sci. 2020;25(3):254-262
https://doi.org/10.3746/
pnf.2020.25.3.254 pISSN 2287-1098 ㆍ
eISSN 2287-8602

Phenolic-Rich Extract from Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hulls

Improves Lipid Metabolism in Triton WR-1339 and High-Fat Diet-
Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice and Prevents Lipoprotein
Oxidation: A Comparison with Fenofibrate and Butylated
Hydroxyanisole

Mohamed Harnafi1, Oussama Bekkouch1, Ilham Touiss1, Saloua Khatib1, Imane

Mokhtari1, Dragan Milenkovic2, Hicham Harnafi1, and Souliman Amrani1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed I, Oujda 60000, Morocco
2
Unit of Human Nutrition, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France

ABSTRACT: Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are risk factors for atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the
hypolipidemic and anti-lipoprotein oxidation activities of polyphenol-rich extracts from almond hulls using Triton WR-
1339 and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipemic mice as experimental models. We demonstrated that the almond hull extract
significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-related plasma cholesterol (LDL-C) in the
two experimental models of hyperlipidemia, but significantly increased high-density lipoprotein- related plasma
cholesterol (HDL-C). Another beneficial effect of the extract was its ability to reduce the atherogenic index and
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, the extract exhibited effective antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl and
significantly protected lipoprotein-rich plasma from mice against oxidation induced by copper ion. The extract contains
342.63±3.44 mg/g total phenolics, 144.67±6.83 mg/g tannins, and 20.66±0.92 mg/g flavonoids. These finding indicate
that almond hulls contain polar products able to lower plasma lipid concentrations and which might be beneficial for the
treatment of hyperlipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis.

Keywords: almond hulls, anti-lipoprotein oxidation, hypolipidemia, mice

INTRODUCTION
The almond tree is one of the most popular nut trees grown
Many studies have shown that the almond hulls are an
under arid conditions worldwide. In Morocco, al-mond
important source of natural phenolic compounds and fiber
trees are mainly cultured in mountainous regions of the
(Wijeratne et al., 2006). Indeed, catechin, protocate-chuic
high atlas, middle atlas (Foum El Jemaa, Ouaoui-zeght, and
acid, benzoic acid, and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid have been
Azilal), Rif (lmzouren, Beni-Boufrah, and Tar-guist), and
identified in almond hulls from different regions in the
Oriental (Tafoughalt, Rislan, and Laayoune). Rosaceae is a
world (Sang et al., 2002). Such by-product can be exploited
species of almond (Prunus dulcis) widely cultivated in the
as potentially useful sources of natural antioxidants and
Rislan region (East of Morocco) because of its resistance
other compounds (e.g., fibre) have a beneficial impact on
and lipid metabolism and for preventing atherosclerosis and
capacity against water shortage and irrigation deficit. cardiovascular diseases (Berryman et al., 2011).
Almond production in this region of Morocco generates Atherosclerosis is a chronic pathology directly related to
large amounts of by-products consisting of hull and shell lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress (Viktorinova
annually, which are burned or used as livestock feed. Thus, et al., 2016). Indeed, several clinical studies have shown that
these biowastes remain under-exploited, and further data an increase in low-density lipoprotein-related plasma
on their biological activities, phytochemical profiles, and cholesterol (LDL-C) plays a crucial role in the early
extraction methods are required to propose sustainable development of atherosclerosis, whereas high-
and competitive exploitation strategies and veritable
management that are compatible with current
commercial uses (Prgomet et al., 2017).
Phytothérapie
DOI 10.3166/phyto-2019-0207

PHARMACOGNOSIE
L’extrait phénolique de l’enveloppe charnue d’amande (Prunus
amygdalus L.) restaure le métabolisme lipidique chez la souris
hyperlipidémique et prévient l’oxydation des lipoprotéines
plasmatiques
Phenolic Extract of Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) Pericarpe
Restores Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice and Prevents
Plasma Lipoprotein Oxidation
M. Harnafi · I. Touiss · S. Khatib · O. Bekkouch · M. Rouis · K. Ouguerram · H. Harnafi · S. Amrani
© Lavoisier SAS 2019

’ ’ ’ ’
Résumé Ce travail a été conçu pour étudier l effet d un extrait riche en polyphénols de l enveloppe charnue de l amande douce sur
le profil lipidique plasmatique chez la souris rendue hyperlipidémique par le Triton WR-1339 ainsi que sur la prévention de
’ ’ ’
l oxydation des lipoprotéines plasmatiques en comparaison avec le fénofibrate et l hydroxyanisole butylé. On note que l extrait
phénolique réduit significativement le cholestérol total plasmatique de 58 % (p < 0,001) et les triglycérides de 62 % (p < 0,001). Par
ailleurs, cet extrait réduit significativement le taux élevé du cholestérol-LDL de 61 % (p < 0,05) et augmente le cholestérol-HDL de
’ ’
71 % (p < 0,05). Un tel extrait abaisse aussi significativement la valeur de l indice d athérogénicité de −72 % (p < 0,01) et celle du
rapport LDL/ HDL de 55 % (p < 0,05). En outre, cet extrait possède un effet antiradical 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl dose-
’
dépendant avec une CI50 = 18,8 ± 0,55 μg/ml et inhibe significativement l oxydation du plasma riche en lipoprotéines (CI50 = 13,8 ±
’
0,57 μg/ml). Nos résultats montrent que l extrait est riche en polyphénols à caractère polaire (polyphénols totaux : 342,63 ± 3,44
mg/g, tannins : 144,67 ± 6,83 mg/g, flavonoïdes : 20,66 ± 0,92 mg/g) qui pourraient améliorer le métabolisme lipidique et prévenir
’
l oxydation des lipoprotéines et ainsi avoir un effet bénéfique.

M. Harnafi (*) · I. Touiss · S. Khatib · O. Bekkouch ·H. Harnafi · S. Amrani

Laboratoire de biochimie et biotechnologies, faculté des sciences, M-60000 Oujda, Maroc e-mail :
harnafimohamed01@gmail.com

M. Rouis
Institut de biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS,
Inserm ERL U-1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), UMR-8256, université de Sorbonne, F-75252 Paris, France

K. Ouguerram
INRA, UMR 1280 PhAN, F-44000 Nantes, France
Accepted Manuscript

Chemical composition and oral toxicity assessment of Anisophyllea boehmii

kernel oil: potential source of new edible oil with high tocopherol content

Jacques Nkengurutse, Farid Mansouri, Oussama Bekkouch, Abdessamad Ben

Moumen, Tatien Masharabu, Godefroid Gahungu, Hana Caid Serghini, Ahmed
Khalid

PII: S0308-8146(18)32057-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.112
Reference: FOCH 23921

To appear in: Food Chemistry

Received Date: 14 May 2018

Revised Date: 3 November 2018
Accepted Date: 21 November 2018

Please cite this article as: Nkengurutse, J., Mansouri, F., Bekkouch, O., Ben Moumen, A., Masharabu, T.,
Gahungu, G., Serghini, H.C., Khalid, A., Chemical composition and oral toxicity assessment of Anisophyllea
boehmii kernel oil: potential source of new edible oil with high tocopherol content, Food Chemistry (2018), doi:
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.112
Chemical composition and oral toxicity assessment of Anisophyllea boehmii kernel

oil: potential source of new edible oil with high tocopherol content

Jacques Nkengurutse1*, Farid Mansouri2,3, Oussama Bekkouch4, Abdessamad Ben Moumen3,

Tatien Masharabu1, Godefroid Gahungu5, Hana Caid Serghini3& Ahmed Khalid3

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Burundi; Postal address: 2700 Bujumbura, Burundi

2Laboratoryof Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Postal address: 159,
34000 Taounate, Morocco

3Laboratory of Biology of Plants and Microorganisms, Department of Biology, Faculty of science,

University Mohammed First, Postal address: 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco

4Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of science, University Mohammed First,

Postal address: 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco

5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Burundi, Postal address: 2700 Bujumbura, Burundi

*Corresponding author:

Email:

Phone: +257 22 22 55 56; Cell number: +2579 936 875.