BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.

) ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT,
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, KOTA SAMARAHAN.

AAR651 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

CASE STUDY REPORT OF CIDB TRAINEE DORM

PREPARED BY:

NAME STUDENT ID

Aguilera Ipau Anak Imbab 2019220848

Fathiah Hazirah Binti Mohd Bahar 2019424278

Mohd Aiderus Naim Bin Mohd Shaleh 2017654836

Nur Syamila Amelia Binti Othman 2019257678

Syahidah Nazirah Binti Mohd Nazib 2019245318

PREPARED FOR:
Mrs. Nur Izzati Binti Sebri

IBS Case Study :

This paper has been submitted to the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture,
Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA(Sarawak), to fulfill the requirement of
AAR651 - Construction Technology V course.

Prepared by:

Name : Aguilera Ipau Anak Imbab (2019220848)

Fathiah Hazirah Binti Mohd Bahar (2019424278)
Mohd Aiderus Naim Bin Mohd Shaleh (2017654836)
Nur Syamila Amelia Binti Othman (2019257678)
Syahidah Nazirah Binti Mohd Nazib (2019245318)

Program : Bachelor of Science (Hons.)

Architecture Semester: Semester 7
Session : September 2023 - February 2024

Faculty : Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

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CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................3
1.1. Industrialized Building System (IBS)........................................................... 3
1.2. CIDB Trainee Dormitory, Kucing, Sarawak................................................. 4
1.2.1. Orthographic drawings.......................................................................... 8
2.0 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAME...................................................9
2.1 Precast Frame................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Precast Columns........................................................................................... 10
2.3 Precast Floor Slabs....................................................................................... 10
2.4 Precast Staircase........................................................................................... 11
2.5 Precast Concrete Wall Panels....................................................................... 12
3.0 CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION METHOD.....................13
4.0 FEATURES OF BUILDING................................................................................................... 16
5.0 COMPONENTS OF IBS USED.................................................... 18
6.0 JOINTING AND CONNECTIONS.............................................. 25
6.1 Jointing......................................................................................................... 25
6.1.2 Shear Joint............................................................................................ 26
6.1.3 Compressive Joint................................................................................ 26
6.2 Connection....................................................................................................27
6.2.1 Column-to-column Connection............................................................27
6.2.2 Column-to-beam Connection.................................................................................. 27
6.2.3 Beam-to-slab Connection..................................................................... 28
7.0 STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF MATERIAL AND
SYSTEM................................................................................................ 29
8.0 CONCLUSION............................................................................... 30
9.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................ 31

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Industrialized Building System (IBS)
IBS is an architectural technique or approach that makes use of standardized structural
modules that are produced in a controlled environment. The construction components will then
be supplied and assembled into a structural system employing a minimal number of field workers
and the appropriate infrastructure. In IBS projects, panels, slabs, beams, staircase segments, and
roof structures are all common building components that are created and used.

In addition, it is frequently used to optimize the use of light steel trusses built of steel
portal frame systems and cost-effective categorized restricting the ability channels, which are
lighter than normal hot-rolled components. It is made out of interlocking concrete masonry units
and lightweight concrete blocks (CMU). The block method is mostly used for non-structural
walls as an alternative to conventional brick and plaster. It has roof trusses and wood frame
construction.

In Malaysia, there can be several different sorts of IBS system categories including:
● Prefabricated Timber Framing
● Blockwork
● Steel Framing
● Precast
● Steel Formwork
● Formwork

The prefab system for the columns, beams, slabs, panel, and stairs is one of the IBS
technological innovations that we used in our building design. There are several benefits to
implementing the IBS system, along with less site manpower, little waste, quick outcome of the
project, and cheaper construction costs. Furthermore, in the building industry, this approach
encourages ecology, increases safety practices, effectiveness, and efficiency.

Under IBS, there are two types of systems:

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 ● In any project, the term "open system" corresponds to the regulation of components that
allows for interoperability and substitutability between various manufacturers.
● The term "closed system" refers to parts which can only be applied in some projects and
by specific suppliers. In the 1960s, IBS was founded in Malaysia as a way to improve
quality while lowering costs, labor, and building time.

Earlier stage IBS structures in Malaysia include the low-cost apartments on Jalan
Pekeliling. Traditional building methods, on the other hand, remained far more common than
IBS. The government began demanding for and promoting IBS in the 1990s by enacting laws
such as guidelines, rules, and circulars. IBS has grown in popularity as a result of the rising need
for new projects.

1.2. CIDB Trainee Dormitory, Kucing, Sarawak

Based on the interview done during the site visit with one of the staff members, Encik
Awangku, he mentioned that the dormitory construction was completed alongside the CIDB
Convention Centre Sarawak (CCCS) if not earlier, which was in 2017. The two-storey dorm
consists of 3 blocks which are Block A, Block B and Block C. Two of the blocks are designated
for the male students or visitors, whereas, the other block designated for female students or
visitors. Each block consists of one apartment, which has 3 separate rooms and 25 rooms. The
building itself used both the IBS system and conventional methods. The lower ground has a
dining hall and management office. The dorm construction was a hybrid construction where it
uses IBS construction as well as conventional construction methods for the roof.

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 Figure 1.2 (a) : Site Location
(Source: Author)

Figure 1.2(b) Site/Roof Plan

The integration of precast concrete and cast in-situ concrete is known as hybrid concrete
construction. Using specialized building technologies, hybrid construction can produce
high-quality, sustainable buildings faster and on a lower budget. Modern technologies seamlessly
integrate precast concrete components made in a controlled environment with conventional steel
and concrete construction. This CIDB Trainee Dorm is built in a hybrid style.

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 Figure 1.2(c) : View of the Trainee Dorm
(Source: Author)

Figure 1.2(d) : Back view of the Trainee Dorm

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 Figure 1.2(e) : Drop-off area / main entrance

Figure 1.2(f) : Canteen area Figure 1.2(g) : Class area

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1.2.1. Orthographic drawings

Figure 1.2.1 (a) : Ground Floor Plan

(Source: Author)

Figure 1.2.1 (b) : Ground Floor Plan

(Source: Author)

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2.0 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAME
Precast concrete is reinforced concrete that is cast away from the building site, and
assembled on site for erection. This makes it fire and weather-proof as well as rust and mildew
resistant.
2.1 Precast Frame
A structure's utility and function are not dictated by the choice of beams. A flat and wide
rectangular precast concrete beam is usually used to support long span hollow core slabs because
it provides plenty of bearing seating for the slab. To raise the ceiling height, edge beams and
inverted T-beams are utilized for internal and external beams, respectively. When it comes to
floor plans, a secondary beam is used to transfer the weight of the building to the primary beam,
which is fixed to columns. Precast beams are divided into Square Beam, Inverted T-Beam, and
Edge Beam

Figure 2.1 : (a) Square Beam, (b) Inverted T-beam and (c ) Edge beam
(Source: https://www.cidb.gov.my/sites/default/files/2020-12/4.IBS-Catalogue-for-Precast-Concrete
-Building-System-Revision-2017IBS.pdf)

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 Figure 2.1. : (d) This building uses the Square beam.
(Source: Author)

2.2 Precast Columns

Precast rectangular columns with corbels are particularly common in this system of
building construction. To enable beams to be quickly installed and released, corbels are used to
support and bear the ends of the beams. Up to four stories can be reached with precast concrete
columns. Aside from that, columns with a height of one to two stories are advised for handling
and transportation convenience.

Corbel

Figure 2.2. : Columns connected to the corbels to support the beam. (Source: Author)

2.3 Precast Floor Slabs

Precast concrete floors have a number of benefits, such as the ability to quickly install
long-span floors on-site and the ability to manufacture strong, durable components off-site. A
floor slab may consist of several distinct parts, each designed to support specific loads, moments,
or other circumstances.

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 Figure 2.3.1 : Precast Hollow Slab.
(Source: Author)

Precast Concrete Hollow Core Slab, Precast Concrete Half Slab, And Precast Concrete
Prestressed Plank are among the various kinds of flooring systems that are offered in Malaysia.
As for this building, it uses the Precast Concrete Hollow Core Slab. Depending on the suitability
of the floor structure, precast hollow core slabs or precast half slabs are the two types of flooring
systems that are used. Precast Hollow Core Slabs are often used in long span structures, such as
this building, to provide adequate space. Precast Half Slabs are used for buildings that are
suitable for residential use and have modest spans of two to five meters. Precast slabs are made
one at a time, interlocking to create a diaphragm. Cast in-situ structural concrete finishes,
ranging in thickness from 50 to 75 mm, are used for reinforcement.

2.4 Precast Staircase

In the event of an accident or fire, staircases are essential for the evacuation of building
occupants. Staircases must therefore be built to last, and the connection must be constructed so
that it is stable in the event of an accident. Stairs made of precast concrete can be produced
separately or as a whole. Even when the majority of the work on the rest of the building has been
finished during construction, a crane can easily lower the precast concrete staircase into the
structure. For instance, once all of the building's major components have been constructed, a
tower crane housed in the stairwell can be lifted out.

Figure 2.4.1 : Staircase on site and the conventional drawing (Source: Author)

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 The staircase will have been left open at the roof level, allowing a mobile crane to be
utilized to lift the stair units into position. Although the landing can support its own weight as a
beam, the secondary beams at the staircase's beginning and end bear the majority of the
staircase's weight.

2.5 Precast Concrete Wall Panels

The wall panels also known as load-bearing walls, supporting the weight, which are
connected at each floor level in multi-storey structures can have one storey or multiple stories, up
to the maximum length that can be transported. A load-bearing wall made of precast concrete can
be solid, sandwich panel or hollow panel that is set up properly to support both lateral and
vertical loads. In actuality, it is more economical to utilize the innate stiffness and strength of
external wall panels, intending for them to act as the system for lateral load resistance when in
addition to the floor construction's diaphragm action. Walls that are resistant to transfer lateral
forces (horizontal loads) parallel to the wall's plane from the Shear walls are the superstructure to
the foundation. These walls function as vertical cantilever beams as a result. A structure will
typically have multiple walls that can withstand forces from the sides in two orthogonal
directions.

Figure 2.5.1 : Precast of the Load-Bearing Concrete Wall, leaning against a steel frame.
(Source: Author)

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3.0 CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION METHOD
3.1 Roof Truss

Figure 3.1.1 Roof sample

Although the dorm uses the IBS system, based on the interview that was done, the roof of
the dorm was constructed using conventional methods and the structure was steel frame.
A truss is a grouping of several straight members assembled into a triangle or multiple
triangle configurations to create a sturdy framework.A joint is the point where two or
more truss members are secured to one another. It is believed that external forces and
their responses only act at the nodes, producing either compressive or tensile forces in the
members. There are three different types of lattice truss:

1. Single Pitch

The trainee dorm roof was a single pitch. This type of truss is most commonly used in long or
medium span roofs. The pitch of the lattice truss system is made to fit standard corrugated
cement sheets that are fastened to and supported by steel purlins fastened to the rafters. Typically,
the pitch is 5 degree or more.

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Figure 3.1.2 The dormitory roof view from balcony
(Source: Author)

Figure 3.1.3 Single pitch and standard pitch roofs

(Source: Author)

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3.2 Bathroom (conventional)

Figure 3.2.1 View of the male bathroom (Source: Author)

The dorm’s toilet and bathroom uses the traditional construction method using mostly
cast-in-situ similar to the method used in the construction of the staircases of the dorm.
Cast-in-situ toilet construction refers to the use of in-situ concrete in the construction of
toilets, specifically in precast concrete structures. This method involves pouring concrete
into a formwork or mold, which is then cured to gain the desired strength of the concrete
elements.

Figure 3.2.2 Other view of the bathroom Figure 3.2.3 View of single cubicle

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 4.0 FEATURES OF BUILDING

Figure 4.1 Side of the Dormitory facing the

parking area Figure 4.2The Dormitory’s drop off area
The CIDB trainee dormitory and Convention Centre are one of the earliest implementations of
the IBS construction method within CIDB Sarawak. The Dormitory uses mostly a mixture of
IBS construction systems alongside more conventional construction methods. The dormitory
supports male and female inhabitants but is usually placed between different blocks. The
building also features a reception area, office, several lounges, surau, and a dining hall.

Figure 4.3 The reception and office Figure 4.4 The reception area and office
Several key IBS components can be seen on the precast concrete columns and beams of the
dormitory.

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Figure 4.5 Precast concrete column component

Figure 4.5 Precast concrete column beams

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5.0 COMPONENTS OF IBS USED
Almost all of the components of CIDB Trainee Dormitory uses IBS construction method
The components of Industrialized Building System used are;
● Precast System
○ Column
○ Beam
○ Slab
○ Staircase
● Precast Components
○ Precast wall, column, beam
○ Precast hollow core slab
○ Precast staircase and landing
○ Precast load bearing walls
There are also components that contributes only partial IBS factor:

1. Reusable system formwork for in-situ concrete structures

2. Custom window and door sets

The rest of the structure such as foundation, ground floor, transfer beam and reinforced
concrete slab uses the conventional method of construction.

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19
● Precast Column

Precast column placement

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● Precast Beam

● Precast Walls

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● Precast Floor

● Staircase

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● Slab

● Door

Glass double swing door & Single swing wooden door

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● Window

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6.0 JOINTING AND CONNECTIONS
6.1 Jointing
Jointing in IBS construction typically entails connecting or assembling prefabricated
parts or modules on the construction site. Using fasteners, adhesives, welding, or other
techniques may be part of this process, depending on the components and design of the
prefabricated pieces. For the building as a whole to have structural integrity, stability, and
longevity, proper jointing is essential. Additionally, because prefabricated components can be
precisely and quickly assembled on-site, it significantly improves the efficiency and speed of the
construction process.

CIDB use 3 types of joint:

1. Tensile Joint
2. Shear Joint
3. Compressive Joint

Figure 6.1. Wall panel

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 6.1.1 Tensile Joint
Using overlapping steels bars, dowel action, or welding to convey tensile force in precast panels
or structures cast in place

Figure 6.1.1 Tensile Joint

6.1.2 Shear Joint
Shear keys are created by interlocking profiles to transfer shear force

Figure 6.1.2 Shear Joint

6.1.3 Compressive Joint
Cement mortar serves as a medium for transferring compressive force between vertically
connected panels

Figure 6.1.3 Compressive Joint

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6.2 Connection
6.2.1 Column-to-column Connection
Column-to-column connection involves casting metal plates at the ends of the columns and
embedding them with cables.

6.2.2 Column-to-beam Connection

Beams usually carry loads from floors and the roof to columns. The connection between columns
and beams matters when dealing with vertical loads alone. For cases involving both shear and
torsion stress in the column-to-beam connection, full-depth and extended plate connections are
used.

Beams are set on haunches

Figure 6.2.2. Column and beam connection

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 6.2.3 Beam-to-slab Connection
The floor slab is attached to the beam, followed by grouting for precast concrete units once they
are in place. Finally, a concrete topping is applied to hollow core slabs by using screed.

Figure 6.2.3 (a) Beam to slab connection

● Hollow core slabs are set on bearing pads on precast beams

● Steel reinforcing bars are inserted into the slab keyway to span the joint
● The joint is grouted solid

Figure 6.2.3 (b) section of slab

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7.0 STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF MATERIAL AND SYSTEM
STRENGTH
● The construction time is short
because most of the materials
are made in factories or the
construction materials are
prefabricated.
● Environmental friendly and
flexible.
● High strength and high load
capacity.
WEAKNESS
● The calculation of the material needs to
be accurate and the installation method
must also be correct.
Example : There are some parts of the
hostel components during construction,
there are structural components whose
measurements are not accurate and cause
damage such as cracks in several parts.
● Cheapness and unskilled workers. Due to
the lack of skilled workers in the field of
IBS system. This system is quite slow to
become an option and most workers are
more skilled in the conventional method.
● Lack of suppliers or factories that
produce these components in Sarawak.
The cost of these materials is expensive
in Sarawak.
Table 1
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8.0 CONCLUSION
Therefore CIDB Trainee Dormitory, Kucing, Sarawak has scored 82.69 points for IBS score
systems. This dorm is one of the buildings that implement the IBS systems in building structure
and components. Even half of the construction is using hybrid methods but the CIDB Trainee
Dormitory still can score the highest point for using IBS systems. During visiting our site at
CIDB , Kuching , Sarawak we learned that the IBS system has been introduced for a long time in
Sarawak but because of the lack of unskilled workers , the lack of suppliers for this material and
the cost for this material is more expensive here. This IBS system is not a popular option even
though there are lots of advantages using this system such as the system has facilitated faster
project completion, reduced construction time, minimized material wastage, and improved
overall quality in building structures.
In conclusion , the implementation of the IBS system in construction is a good idea that
represents a significant leap toward modernization, efficiency, and sustainability in building
practices. There are some disadvantages of using the IBS system but with good management and
planning this IBS system can bring a good result in the future.

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9.0 REFERENCES
1. https://issuu.com/lisze/docs/building-technology-1-project-1-report
2. https://www.slideshare.net/CarmenChan43/btech-project-1-industrialised-building-syste
ms?qid=1cc774e5-9b2d-41d6-9b6a-90581fd5191e&v&b&from_search=23
3. https://www.slideshare.net/NevilleGeoffrey/building-technology-1-industrialized-buildin
g-system-ibs
4. Lum Ka Kay (September 26), (2016), Setia Precast receives Industrialised Building
System Award at MCIEA 2016,
Retrieved from :
https://www.edgeprop.my/content/897791/setia-precast-receives-industrialised-building-s
ystem-award-mciea-2016
5. Hui, T. L., Khoon, N. C., & Nee, T. S. A REVIEW ON THE COMPARATIVE STUDY
BETWEEN THE PRECAST AND CONVENTIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH JOURNAL (MCRJ), 33.
6. Kow, C.M. (2017). How can CIDB and industry players work hand in hand to promote
usage of IBS. Industrialised Building Systems (IBS), Functional Designs, Cost Savings,
& Sustainable Practices. http://rehdainstitute.com/event/ibs-2017/. Retrieved on 5 June
2017.
7. Kelvin Yong, Durian Property, 19 September, (2018)
https://www.durianproperty.com.my/classified/1278031/Apartment-for-sale-by-Kelvin-Y
ong/
8. iProperty.com Issue 152 (Oct 2017) , October 2, (2017) , Page 30-31,
https://issuu.com/iproperty.com/docs/issue152/30
9. https://www.slideshare.net/JerotichMaswan/project-1-industrialised-building-system-ibs
10. CIDB Convention Centre Sarawak - Construction Plus Asia

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