IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

1 Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?
i. Sodium chloride from it’s solution in water.
A. Sodium chloride (common salt) is separated from it’s solution in water by the
evaporation.
ii. Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing Sodium chloride and Ammonium
chloride.
A. Ammonium Chloride (sublimable solid) is separated from a mixture containing Sodium
Chloride and Ammonium Chloride by the sublimation.
iii. Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
A. Small pieces of metal are separated from the engine oil of a car by the filtration
technique.
iv. Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
A. Different pigments are separated from an extract of flower petals by the
chromatography technique.
v. Butter from curd.
A. Butter is separated from curd by the centrifugation.
vi. Oil from water.
A. Oil can be separated by using separating funnel.
vii. Tea from tea leaves.
A. Filtration
viii. Iron pins from sand.
A. By magnet
ix. Wheat grains from husk.
A. By the winnowing.
x. Fine mud particles suspended in water.
A. By the filtration (or) Sedimentation.
2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words solution, solvent,
solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.
A. Take the solvent, (water) in a pan, heat it. When the solvent boils, add the solute (milk)
and water forms a solution. Add some tea leaves into the solution, which are insoluble.
add some sugar, then boil the mixture. Finally filter the boiling mixture. Extract of tea
leaves goes into solution as filtrate, the remaining tea leaves being insoluble remains as
residue. Then filter, tea is ready.
3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different
temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the
 following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to
form a saturated solution.
Substance dissolved Temperature in K
283 293 313 333 353
Solubility
Potassium nitrate 21 32 62 106 167
Sodium chloride 36 36 36 37 37
Potassium chloride 35 35 40 46 54
Ammonium chloride 24 37 41 51 66
a) What mass of Potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated
solution of Potassium nitrate in 50grams of water at 313 K?
b) Pragya make a saturated solution of Potassium chloride in water at 353 K and
leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the
solution cools? Explain.
c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293K. Which salt has the highest solubility at
this temperature?
d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?
A. a) At 313K, 62g of Potassium nitrate is added in 100g of water to form a saturated
solution. So,50g of water requires 31g Potassium nitrate
100g water → 62 g of Potassium nitrate then in 50g water → ?
50  62
= = 31 g of Potassium nitrate is required
100
b) As solution cools, Potassium chloride gets crystalized. Because at 353K, solubility
of potassium chloride is 54g per 100 g of water. Where as at room temperature
(nearly 293 K (or) 20°C) it is 35g. So excess of potassium chloride dissolved gets
crystallised.
c) at 293K potassium nitrate solubility is 32 g.
Sodium chloride solubility is 36 g.
Potassium chloride solubility is 35 g.
Ammonium chloride solubility is 37 g.
Among the four salts, Ammonium chloride solubility is more i,e, 37g.
d) As the temperature increases, solubility increases.
4 Explain the following examples.
a) Saturated solution b) Pure substance c) Colloid d) Suspension
A. a) Saturated solution: A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given
temperature is called a saturated solution. Suppose 40g of a solute is the maximum
amount can be dissoved in 100g water at 298K.Then (100 + 40) g. of solution so
obtained is the saturated solution at 298K.
b) Pure substance: The substances, which always have only one kind of particles. A
pure substance has a characteristic melting point or boiling point at a given pressure.
For example, pure water is always colourless odourless and tasteless and boils at 373K
at normal atmospheric pressure.
c) Colloid: The particles of a colloid are uniformly spread throughout the solution. A
colloid has the following Characteristics:
i)It is a heterogeneous mixture.
ii)The size of particles of a colloid lies between 1 - 100nm and are not visible
to naked eye.
iii)The particles of a colloid can scatter a beam of light.
iv)The particles of a colloid cannot be separated from the mixture by filteration.
v)The particles of a colloid do not settle when left undisturbed.
vi)Soap solution, starch solution.
d) Suspension: A suspension has the following characteristics:
i) It is a heterogeneous mixture.
ii)The particles of a suspension are greater than 100nm and are visible to naked
eye.
iii) The particles of a suspension can scatter a beam of light in distributed state.
iv) The particles of a suspension settle down when left undisturbed for som
time.
v)The particles of a suspension can be separated from its mixture by filtration.
Examples: Fine clay particles in water.

5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.

Soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea.
A. Homogenous mixtures: Soda water, air, vinegar, filtered tea.
Heterogeneous mixtures: Wood, soil.
6. How will you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure?
A. If the boiling point and freezing point of the given liquid shows normal boiling point
and freezing point respectively under one atmosphere pressure. It confirms that the
given liquid is pure.
7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a” pure substance”
 a) Ice b) Milk c) Iron d)Hydro chloric acid
e) Calcium oxide f) Mercury g) Brick h) Wood
i) Air
A. Ice, Iron, Calcium oxide and mercury are pure substances since they contain particles
of only one kind of matter.
8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures?
a) Soil b) Sea water c) Air d) Coal e) Soda water
A. Sea water and soda water are solutions.
9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”? []
a) Salt solution b) Milk
c) Copper sulphate solution d) Starch solution.
A. Milk and starch solution.

10. Classify the following into elements, compounds, and mixtures

a) Sodium b) Soil c) Sugar solution d) Silver
e) Calcium Carbonate f) Tin g) Silicon h) Coal
i) Air j) Soap k) Methane
l)Carbon dioxide m) Blood.
A. Elements: Sodium, Silver, Tin and Silicon
Compounds: Calcium carbonate, Methane and Carbon dioxide
Mixture: Soil, Sugar solution, Coal, Soap and Blood

11. Which of the following are chemical changes?

a) Growth of plant b) Rusting of Iron c) Mixing iron fillings and Sand

d) Cooking of food. e) Digestion of food. f) Freezing of water

g) Burning of a candle.
A. Chemical Changes:
a) Growth of plants, b) Rusting of Iron, d) Cooking of food, e) Digestion of food,
g) Burning of candle.
Physical Changes:
c) Mixing of Iron filling and sand, f) Freezing of water.

NCERT TEXTUAL EXCERCISES

1. What is meant by a substance?
A. A substance is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kind of matter by
any physical process.
2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
A.
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

▪ It has a uniform composition ▪ It does not have a uniform

throughout its mass composition throughout its mass.

▪ It has no visible boundaries of ▪ It has visible boundaries of

separation between the various separation between the various
constituents. constituents.

▪ It consists of single phase. ▪ It consists of two or more phases.

Ex: Sugar solution is a homogeneous Ex: The mixture of salt and sugar is a
mixture heterogeneous mixture and air.

3. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.

A.

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

▪ It has a uniform composition ▪ It does not have a uniform

through out its mass composition through out its mass.

▪ It has no visible boundaries of ▪ It has visible boundaries of

separation between the various separation between the various
constituents. constituents.

▪ It consists of single phase. ▪ It consists of two or more phases.

Ex: Sugar solution is a homogeneous Ex: The mixture of salt and sugar is a
mixture heterogeneous mixture and air.

4. Differentiate True solution, Sol (Colloid) and Suspension on the basis of size of
solute particles.
A.

True solution Sol (Colloid) Suspension

1) Homogeneous 1)Heterogeneous 1)Heterogeneous

2) Size of solute 2) Size of solute 2)Size of solute

particles is less than 1 particles is between particles is
nm or 10–9 m. 1nm to 100 nm. more than 100 nm.

3) Particles can pass 3) Particles can pass 3) Particles cannot pass

through filter paper. through filter through filter paper.
paper.
 4) Stable 4) Stable and settle 4)Unstable and settle
only on down on its own.
centrifugation.

5) Solution of sodium 5) Milk, Fog 5)Muddy water, chalk

chloride in water, sugar & water smoke in the
& water. air.

6)Tyndall effect is not 6)Tyndall effect is 6)Tyndall effect is

seen observed observed

5. To make a saturated solution, 36g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100g water

at 293K. Find its concentration at this temperature.
A. Here concentration is nothing but mass by mass percentage. Let us take Sodium
chloride as a solute and water as a solvent; so,
Mass of solute = 36g (NaCl)
Mass of solvent = 100g (H2O)
Mass of solution = (Mass of solute + Mass of solvent)
= 36 + 100 = 136g
Mass of solute
Concentration of solution = 100
Mass of solution
36
=  100 = 26.47%
136
6. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in
their boiling points is more than 25ºC), which are miscible with each other?
A. By fractional distillation (Refining of crude petroleum)
7. Name the technique to separate.
i) Butter from curd
ii) Salt from sea – water
iii) Camphor from salt
A. i) Centrifugation is the technique to separate butter from curd.
ii) Evaporation is the technique to separate salt from sea - water.
iii) Sublimation is the technique to separate camphor from salt.
8. What type of mixtures are separated by the technique of crystallisation?
A. This is the method used for separating a mixture two solids, basing on their solubilities
in a particular solvent.
Ex: A mixture of copper sulphate and common salt can be separated by this method.
9. Classify the following as chemical (or) physical changes:
 Cutting of trees Melting of butter in a pan
 Rusting of almirah Boiling of water to form steam
  Passing of electric current through water and the water breaking down
into hydrogen and oxygen gases
 Dissolving common salt in water
 Making of fruit salad with raw fruit and Burning of paper and wood
A. Physical change: Cutting of trees, melting of butter in a pan, boiling of water to form
steam, dissolving common salt in water and making a fruit salad with raw fruits.
Chemical change: Rusting of almirah: Burning of paper and wood; passing of electric
current through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
10. Try to segregate the things around you as pure substances (or) mixtures.
A. Pure substances: Iron, Silver, Gold, Sulphur are pure substances because each one
has only one kind of particles and water, sugar, common salt, etc. are compounds which
contains same molecules.
Mixtures: Air, soft drink, soil, sugar in water, brass, bronze.