 Select appropriate materials based on specific properties needed

in the construction of a solution.

 Differentiate between different types of solutions.

 I can differentiate between mixtures based on their properties.

 I can classify mixtures as solutions, colloids, and suspensions.

 I can explain why a specific separating technique is suitable

(filter, distillation, chromatography, evaporation). 
 
 Solution
 Homogeneous mixture
 Heterogeneous mixture
 Solute
 Solvent
 Filtration
 Distillation
 Boiling points
 Chromatography
 Solutions are homogeneous mixtures made up of two
components.

 The part of the solution that does the dissolving is called the
solvent.

 The part of the solution that gets dissolved is called the solute.
 If the following pairs of pure substances are mixed in the
ratios given to form solutions, identify each substance as
either solvent or solute:

 a)5 grams of sodium chloride and 100 grams of water.

 b)10 mL of ethyl alcohol and 250 mL of water.

 Miscible: Two liquids able to dissolve in each other. Example
water and vinegar.

 Immiscible : Two liquids that are not able to dissolve in each

other. Example oil and water.
 The solute particles are < 1 nm in diameter.
 As a result, solutions often appear clear.
 Due to the extremely small particle size solutions remain
mixed and do not separate (settle out) upon standing.
 Solutions cannot be separated by filtration (particles are so
small they pass through the paper with the solvent).
 Examples include: kool-aid, soft drink.
 Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures.
 The particles mixed into the main component are between 1
and 100 nm in diameter.
 Due to the slightly larger particle size, colloids appear cloudy.
 Although the particles are larger than in a solution, they are
still small enough that they stay mixed and do not separate
upon standing and cannot be separated by filtration.
 Examples: milk, whipped cream, fog, butter.
Look at the diagram above and right down your
observation.
 Particles in a colloid are large enough that they will reflect
(scatter) light.

 This phenomenon is referred to as the Tyndall Effect.

 The larger particle size allows for suspensions to be separated
by filtration.

 The Tyndall effect may be observed if the particles have not

settled out.

 Examples: muddy water, Italian salad dressing.

 Lina was carrying out an experiment. The instructions told her
to mix calcium fluoride powder with liquid water. Apply the
words solution, solvent and solute to her experiment. 

 Lina repeated the experiment with copper oxide powder

instead, but the powder all gathered at the bottom of the test
tube. What word is used to describe the copper oxide
powder? 

 Why do some substances dissolve in water and others do not?

Explain your answer.
Nabil had knocked over a tray of equipment in science and ended up with a mixture of
stones, sand, salt, nail polish remover, water and cork all in a large beaker. 

Nabil decided to separate all the solids first. How could he separate the stones and
sand? 

Nabil was left with salt dissolved in water and nail polish remover. How would be
separate the last three substances? 
 Open the link, read the article and answer the questions.
Filtration  This can be used to separate substances with different
boiling points. The flask is heated and one substance
evaporates. The gas is then cooled down and
condensed, collecting in the flask as a liquid (or
distillate) 

Distillation   This is used to separate a mixture of dyes or pigments.

A solvent is used to carry the color along the paper.
Each color will travel a different distance because some
are heavier than others. 

Chromatography  This can be used to separate solid from liquid or

soluble from insoluble. E.g. If separating sand and
  water, the sand is left in filter paper (residue) while the
water passes into the conical flask (filtrate) 

Magnet   This is used to separate a mixture of different sized

solids. The smaller solids will pass through the holes
and the larger ones will not. 

Sieve  This is used to separate a mixture of magnetic and

non-magnetic solids. The magnet will pull the
magnetic solid out of the mixture. 

Evaporation   This is used to separate a solution (solute from a

solvent). The solvent will change from a liquid to a gas
and evaporate out of the dish and the solute (solid) will
remain. 
 Open the link and answer the questions.
 Define the term solubility.

 Use graphs to determine the solubility for different salts at

different temperatures.

 Analyze graphs to identify the type of a given solution.

 Saturated solution
 Unsaturated solution
 Supersaturated solution
 Solubility
 Temperature
 Pressure
 Polarity
 Solubility: the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve
in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

◦ The solubility of potassium chlorate is 10 g per 100 g of water

at 25°C.

◦ The solubility of potassium iodide is 170 g per 100 g of water

at 25°C.
 Soluble, when > 1g of the salt can be dissolved in a 100 g of
water.
 Insoluble, when < 0.1 g of the salt can be dissolved in a 100g
of water.
 Slightly soluble when the mass of the salt dissolved in a 100g
of water is <1g and > 0.1 g
 What is the solubility of
sodium nitrate at 100°C?

 Which salt is the least soluble

at 25°C?

 How many grams of sodium

chloride can be dissolved in
100mL of water at 40°C?

 Which salt is the most

soluble at 10°C?
2) Determine how many grams of KClO3 need to dissolve in 300 g of water in
order to have a saturated solution at 50°C.

3)Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You wish
to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or after
dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve more sugar?
• Explain the effects of temperature, pressure, and polarity on
the solubility of a solute in a solvent.

• Open the link and answer the questions.

 Which compounds show a
decrease in solubility?
Explain why?
 Open the link and solve the questions.

 https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/Science/
Mixtures_and_Solutions/Solution_Types_2_uf1368263no