Separating Mixture of Components in H2O

Introduction

When two or more substances that do not chemically react are combined, as a result,

the mixture retains every component's individual identity and properties.

The separation of the components of a mixture is a common problem in chemistry.

The separation is based on the fact that each component has a unique set of physical and

chemical properties. The components are pure substances that can be elements or

compounds. Every pure substance sample has the same properties under the same

pressure and temperature conditions. Each sample melts and boils at the same

temperature, has the same solubility in a given solvent, and so on.

Although these and other characteristics can be used to identify a specific substance,

we will be concerned with the separation of a mixture into its components rather than the

identification of the substances in this experiment. Separation techniques rely on

differences in the physical properties of the components.

A mixture is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying

amounts and can be physically separated by using methods that use physical properties to

separate the components of the mixture, such as:

EVAPORATION is a separation method to separate components of a mixture with a

dissolved solid in a liquid. The liquid is evaporated, meaning it is converted from its

liquid state to gaseous state. This often requires heat. Once the liquid is completely

evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind.

DISTILLATION is a separation technique used to separate components of a liquid

mixture by a process of heating and cooling, which uses the differences in the boiling

point of each of the components such as ethyl alcohol and water.

CHROMATOGRAPHY is a simple technique in principle, it remains the most

important method for the separation of mixtures into its components. It is quite versatile

for it can be used to separate mixtures of solids, or of liquids, or mixtures of solids and

liquids combined, or in the case of gas chromatography, can separate mixtures of gasses

FILTRATION is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture

containing an undissolved solid in a liquid by using a funnel lined with filter paper to

retain the solids while letting the liquid through.

Methodology

In this experiment, the components of a mixture will be separated from each other.

The techniques applied for this separation do not involve a chemical reaction so that the

isolated components will retain their identity. Sodium chloride (NaCl), Silicon dioxide

(SiO2), and Oxygen hydride (H2O) is conducted. Using a magnet, the magnetic solid

(Nails) were removed from the nonmagnetic components of the mixture. Then, a mixture

of NaCl and SiO2 (Iron fillings/Nails removed) was poured into the H2O to be studied on

how the separation of NaCl and SiO2 is produced. Afterwards, it was filtered twice using

a coffee filter to separate the mixture of components (NaCl and SiO2). After filtering the

mixture using a coffee filter, it was filtered again using katsa multiple times until the

water (H2O) became clear.

After the filtration, the filtered water (H2O) was poured into a plastic bottle and

left there for some time. It was then boiled…..

Materials

● Water (100mL)

● Salt (2 tsp)

● Sand (20 g)

● Nails (3 pcs)

● Magnets
Procedure

A. Separation of Iron Filings. Place the bar magnet inside the clear glass. While

holding one end of the magnet, move the other end through the mixture. The iron filings

will stick to the magnet. Shake gently to remove any trapped sand. It is not necessary to

remove all the iron filings at one time.

Gently lift the magnet with the iron filings. Repeat twice to remove the last traces

of iron filings from the sand-salt mixture.

B. Extraction of NaCl-SiO2. Pour 100mL of water in a clear glass. Put 10g of sand

and 2 tsp of salt. Stir the mixture gently for 1 minute. Assemble the setup shown in

Figure 1 to filter the sand-salt solution through the filter paper/muslin cloth in a funnel

into the clear glass. Add about 5mL of the NaCl-SiO2 mixture in the filter paper/muslin

cloth with a clear glass below and wait for it to be filtered. The solution that comes

through the funnel should appear clear. (Do not stir or poke the sand in the funnel; you

may rip the fragile, wet filter paper.) Add another 5mL of the NaCl-SiO2 mixture in the

filter paper/muslin cloth, then repeat the same process over and over until all the sand is

gone from the mixture.

 Figure 1

C. Boiling off filtered H2O. Collect the clear/filtered water and place it in a

glass then leave it aside for some time. Pour the filtered water in a pan and let it boil until

the water is boiled off.