Professional Documents
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Week 12 AS
Week 12 AS
Week 12
Regional Cooperation
in Asia
BY TA THI OANH
Faculty of International Studies
I/ Asian cooperation
II/ Regional Organisations & Mechanisms
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I/ Regional cooperation
v Regional cooperation refers to cooperation between
several nations for their own mutual benefits. It is
based on a spirit of mutual respect and
understanding.
Regional cooperation
v Many forms
v Many purposes
v Many players
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Forms of cooperation
1. Bilateral cooperation
2. Multilateral cooperation
3. Minilateral cooperation
All of these forms have co-existed in global/ regional governance since 1945.
The end of the Cold War created chances for states to promote relations
multilaterally.
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Bilateral cooperation
v Bilateral cooperation/ Bilateralism refers to the political, economic,
social, and cultural cooperation between two players/ states in
international relations.
v Bilateral relations date back ancient time.
v Bilateral cooperation between two sovereign states is a modern
concept.
vModern bilateral cooperation between states has basic principles:
vSovereignty (independent & autonomous + legal equality)
vNon-intervention (in domestic affairs)
vNo use of force
vPeaceful means of dispute settlement
vInternational commitment/laws
Multilateral cooperation
v Multilateral cooperation/ Multilateralism refers to “the practice of
coordinating national policies in groups of three or more states,
through ad hoc arrangements or by means of institutions” (Keohane,
1990)
v Membership: more than 3 states (unlimited)
vAims: international/ regional
v Issues of concern: various issues
v Budget: contributed to by states
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Theories of multilateralism
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Minilateral cooperation
v Minilateral cooperation/ Minilateralism refers to a form of
multilateral cooperation where a small number of countries in a
limited territorial and functional context work together to address
specific issues.
v Based on multilateralism, regional minilateralism is established to
serve as an additional tool for parties to deal with issues that are most
critical to them (specific conditions and needs)
(Harlen, 2018)
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Minilateral cooperation
v A subset of multilateralism
vMembership: limited
vAims: regional
vIssues of concern: a specific issue
v Budget: contributed by states
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Advantages of minilateralism
v Thanks to a small and limited membership, minilateral institutions and
frameworks make it easier to define interests and implement cooperation,
v The framework is more manageable and cost-effective while it is faster to
establish new minilateral mechanisms and implement relevant projects and
programs,
v Minilateralism offers more flexibility as it is easier to adjust a cooperative
agenda when needed.
Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam Development
Triangle Area (CLV)
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Areas of cooperation
1. Economy
2. Military
3. Politics
4. Legal cooperation
5. Social matters
…
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• Security
• Welfare
• Environmental Collective action
is the key solution
• Globalisation
• Geography
• Migration
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Regional
organisations
in Asia
v Diversity
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SAARC objectives
v Improving the welfare and quality of life of South Asians
v Accelerating economic growth, social and cultural development
within the region.
v Promoting and strengthening inter-dependence between South Asian
nations
v Promoting cooperation and assistance between nations
v Strengthening cooperation with other developing countries
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GCC Summit
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ACD Objectives
v Strengthening cooperation between member states in order to abolish
poverty and increase the quality of life in Asia
v Widening the financial and trade market in Asia and increase Asia’s
competitiveness in the world market.
v Creating a uniquely Asian community that is able to interact with
other nations and contribute to world peace and stability.
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ACD Projects
v Agriculture – China, Pakistan, and Kazakhstan
v E-education- Malaysia
v Energy – Bahrain, Indonesia, the Philippines, Qatar
v Environmental education- Japan
v Finance – Thailand
v IT – South Korea
v Natural Disasters - Russia
v Poverty Elimination – Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam
v Tourism – Thailand, Pakistan, Myanmar
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