Term Paper Aditia Pratama Saputra

SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINST
BLACK PEOPLE IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S

MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A SLAVE”
TERM PAPER
By
Aditia Pratama Saputra
2016130046
STRATA ONE (S-1) OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

CULTURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTYL OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
DARMA PERSADA UNIVERSITY
JAKARTA
2021
TERM PAPER
Submitted in part-fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining

Sarjana Linguistik (S.Li) degree
By
2016130046
STRATA ONE (S-1) OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

CULTURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTYL OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
DARMA PERSADA UNIVERSITY
JAKARTA
2021
LETTER OF APPROVAL
On recommendation of respective Supervisor, Academic Advisor, and Head of the
Department, the term-paper submitted by Aditia Pratama Saputra 2016130046 entitled
“Slavery Caused by Racism Againts Black People In Steve Mcqueen’s Movie
Script’12 years a slave” has been approved and forwarded to the English Language
and Culture Department, Darma Persada University, for final evaluation before the
thesis defence for obtaining Sarjana Linguistik (S.Li.) degree to the respective
candidate.
Supervisor Signature Date
(Dra. Karina Adinda, MA) ……………………… 30 June 2021
Head of English Language Signature Date

and Culture Department
Dr. Yoga Pratama, M.Pd. ……………………… 13 July 2021
(Alia Afiyati SS,M.Pd) ……………………… 6 July 2021

Academic Advisor
Name : Aditia Pratama Saputra

Student Number : 2016130046
University Of Darma Persada |

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATEMENT PAGE
I hearby declare that the term-paper is the result of my own work and plagiarism
of another work, the contents has become my responsibility. All the sources of my
research and quoated of referenced have been correctly.
Jakarta, 27 July 2021
(Materai 10000)
(Aditia Pratama Saputra)
TEST FEASIBILITY VALIDATION

The term paper submitted by:

Reg No. : 2016130046
Study Program : Strata One (S-1) Of English Language And
Culture
Tittle of the term paper : Slavery Caused By Racism Againts
Black People In Steve Mcqueen’s
Movie Script“12 YEARS A SLAVE”
has been approved by Advisor, Examiner, and Head Department of English

Language and Culture to be tested in front of Board of Examiners on July , 2021
at English Language and Culture Department, Faculty of Language and Culture,
Darma Persada University, Jakarta.
Advisor : ..............................................
( Dra.Karina Adinda, MA )
Examiners : .............................................
( Eka Yuniar Ernawati,S.S. M.Si )
Head Board Of Examniners : ..............................................

( Prof.Dr. Albertine Minderop, MA )

TERM PAPER VALIDATION
The Term Paper on July , 2021 has been academically tested and defended in front
of
THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Ones of whom sit as follow
Advisor : …………………………………..
( Dra.Karina Adinda, MA )
Examiners : …………………………………..
( Eka Yuniar Ernawati,S.S. M.Si )
Head Board of Examiners : …………………………………..

( Prof.Dr. Albertine Minderop, MA )
Legally validated in Jakarta on 2021
Head Department of Dean of

English Language and Culture Language and Culture
Dr. Yoga Pratama, M.Pd. Dr. Eko Cahyono

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise be to Allah SWT for His mercy and blessing,I finally could complete
this term-paper well, which entitled Slavery Caused Racism Againts To Black People
In Steve mcqueen’s Movie Script.This term-paper is submitted to the Strata One
English Language and Culture Department of University of Darma Persada as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the Strata One (S-1) degree.
I am so grateful to all my lecturers in English Department Faculty of
Humanities who have guide me. Their advices are very helpful for me to finish
this term paper. On account of that, I would like to say a lot of gratitude to them,
those people are :
1. Dra. Karina Adinda Sulaeman, M.A the Adviser who has guided, helped me
patiently in the preparation and also encouraging me to finish this term-paper.
2. Dr. Yoga Pratama M.Pd as the Head of English Languange and Culture
Department.
3. Alfia Afiyati, S.S., M.Pd as my Academic Adviser who has guided and
helped me patiently in the preparation of my study every semester.
4. All lecturers of English Department who have given me so much knowledge
and experiences.
5. To my beloved parents, Sahrudin and Iis Nurdiananingsih and my brother,
Nugroho Dwi Saputra. They always support me to believe in my dreams. The
y say to never give up for everything in life, no matter how hard it is, always
believe that I can through it all, and I hope that I can make them proud somed
ay.
6. To my college mates, Handhika, Panca,Majid, and Garda who always support
me and bring happiness for my life since I study in UNSADA. I hope we can
make our dreams come true, and let’s keep the friendship lasts forever.
7. To my best friends since I was in Elementary school,
Gherra,Raka,Alif,Retno,Laras,Septa. Thank you for your endlessly support
whenever I feel so loss about this term paper. I feel so grateful for having
them as my best friends.

8. To everyone whom I can’t mentioned. I really thank to you all for the support
and love for me.
This term-paper is far from perfection. Suggestions and constructive criticism are
welcome.
Jakarta, 27 July 2021
Writer

ABSTRACT

Program of Study : English Literature
Title : Slavery Caused By Racism Againts Black People In Steve
Mcqueen’s Movie Script“12 YEARS A SLAVE”
This term-paper discuss about theme and character of a movie script. Two
approaches, intrinsic and extrinsic, are applied to analyze this movie script. The
concepts that is applied to analyze through intrinsic approach consists of
characterization by using telling and showing methods, plot and setting. The
concept to analyse through extrinsic approach is theory racial discrimination and
white supremacy. This research explains about the racism theory of racial
discrimination and white supremacy on character Solomon Northup well as its
relation to other intrinsic elements. In this research,12 years a slave movie script
is the primary sources and supported by some of relevant theories, concepts, and
definitions which as secondary sources.
Keywords:Characterization, movie script, Discrimination, Supremacy

ABSTRAK
Nama : Aditia Pratama Saputra

Program Studi : Sastra Inggris
Judul : Slavery Caused By Racism Againts Black People In Steve
Mcqueen’s Movie Script“12 YEARS A SLAVE”
Skripsi ini membahas tema dan karakter sebuah novel. Dua pendekatan,
pendekatan intrinsik dan ekstrinsik, digunakan untuk menganalisis skrip film ini.
Konsep-konsep yang digunakan untuk menganalisis melalui pendekatan intrinsik
meliputi karakterisasi melalui metode tidak langsung dan langsung, alur dan
latar. Konsep untuk menganalisis melalui pendekatan ekstrinsik adalah teori
diskriminasi ras dan supremasi kulit putih. Penelitian ini membahas tentang
cerminan teori diskriminasi ras dan supremasi kulit putih dalam karakter
Solomon Northup, serta kaitannya dengan unsur-unsur intrinsik lainnya. Skrip
Film “12 years a slave merupakan sumber primer dalam skripsi ini dan didukung
oleh teori-teori, konsep dan definisi terkait yang menjadi sumber sekunder.
Kata Kunci: Karakterisasi, Skrip film, Diskriminasi, Supremasi
Table of Contents

LETTER OF APPROVAL.....................................................................................i
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATEMENT PAGE....................................ii
TEST FEASIBILITY VALIDATION................................................................iii
TERM PAPER VALIDATION...........................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................v
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................vii
ABSTRAK...........................................................................................................viii
Table of Contents..................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Problem....................................................................1
1.2. Identification of the Problem..................................................................2
1.3. Limitation of the Problem......................................................................2
1.4. Formulation of the Problem...................................................................2
1.5. Objective of the Research.......................................................................3
1.6. Method of the Research..........................................................................3
1.7. Benefit of the Research...........................................................................4
1.8. Systematic Organization of the Research.............................................4
1. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION............................................................4
2. CHAPTER 2 : FRAMEWORK OF THE THEORIES...........................4
3. CHAPTER 3: 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE SCRIPT THROUGH

INTRINSIC APPROACHES.........................................................................5
4. CHAPTER 4 : SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINTS BLACK

PEOPLE IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A
SLAVE”............................................................................................................6
5. CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION.................................................................6
CHAPTER II FRAMEWORK OF THEORIES................................................7
2.1. Intrinsic Approaches...................................................................................7

2.1.1. Characterization...................................................................................7
2.1.1.1. Telling Method...................................................................................8
2.1.1.2. Showing Method................................................................................9
2.1.1.2.1. Characterization Through the Dialogue.......................................9
2.1.2. Plot...........................................................................................................11
2.1.2.2. Complication....................................................................................11
2.1.2.3. Crisis.................................................................................................11
2.1.2.4. Falling Action...................................................................................11
2.1.2.5. Resolution.........................................................................................11
2.1.3 Setting...................................................................................................12
2.1.3.1 Setting as Background of Action.....................................................12
2.1.3.2 Setting as Antagonist........................................................................12
2.1.3.3 Setting as Means of Creating Appropriate Atmosphere...............12
2.1.3.4 Setting as a Means of Revealing Character....................................12
2.1.3.5 Setting as a Means of Reinforcing Theme......................................13
2.1.4 Theme....................................................................................................13
2.2 Extrinsic Approaches.................................................................................13
2.2.1 Psychology of Literature.....................................................................13
2.2.2. Person Factor......................................................................................14
2.3 Race..............................................................................................................15
2.3.1 White Supremacy.................................................................................15
2.4 Racial Discrimination.................................................................................15
2.5 Segregation..................................................................................................16
2.6 Prejudice......................................................................................................16
2.7 Literature Review.......................................................................................17

CHAPTER III MOVIE SCRIPT 12 YEARS A SLAVE THROUGH
INTRINSIC APPROACHES..............................................................................19
3.1 Characterization.........................................................................................19
3.1.1 Solomon Northup, aka “Platt”...............................................................19
3.1.1.1 Racial discrimination.......................................................................20
3.1.1.2 A Slave...............................................................................................22
3.1.2 Edwin Epps..............................................................................................23
3.1.2.1 Authoritarian....................................................................................23
3.1.2.2 Cruel...................................................................................................24
3.2 William Ford...............................................................................................25
3.2.1 Kindly....................................................................................................25
3.2.2 Generous...............................................................................................26
3.3 Patsey...........................................................................................................27
3.3.1 Great.....................................................................................................27
3.3.2 Frustated...............................................................................................27
3.4 Plot...............................................................................................................28
3.4.1 Exposition.............................................................................................28
3.4.2 Complication........................................................................................29
3.4.3 Crisis.....................................................................................................30
3.4.4 Falling Action.......................................................................................30
3.4.5 Resolution.............................................................................................31
3.5 Setting..........................................................................................................32
3.5.1 Setting as Background of Action........................................................32
3.5.2 Setting as an Antagonist......................................................................34
3.5.4 Setting as Means of Revealing Character..........................................38
3.5.5 Setting as a Means of Reinforcing Theme.........................................39

CHAPTER IV SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINTS BLACK
PEOPLE IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A SLAVE”
................................................................................................................................41
4.1 The Relation between Racial discrimination and Solomon’s

characteristics...................................................................................................41
4.2 Relation between theory white supremacy to racism..............................42
4.2 Racism to Black People.............................................................................42
4.3 Intentional Discrimination Happened to Solomon.................................43
4.3.1 Taken and beaten like an animal.......................................................43
4.3.2 Sold like an animal..............................................................................44
4.3.3 Forced to sleep on the ground.............................................................44
4.3.4 Denied of their own name...................................................................44
4.3.5 Given improper food in quantity and in quality...............................45
4.3.6 Work like there is no other day..........................................................45
4.3.7 Denied of day off.................................................................................46
4.3.8 Denied of the rights to state their own opinions................................46
4.4 The Racism condition of Solomon Northup’s life as seen in 12 Years a

Slave movie script by Steve Mc. Queen..........................................................46
4.4.1 Free Man Condition ( Before racism practice )................................47
4.4.2 Racism Condition.................................................................................48
4.4.3 Free man Condition (After racism practice )....................................50
4.5 Racial discrimintion and the relations with Plot.....................................50
4.5.1 Exposition.............................................................................................50
4.5.3 Crisis.....................................................................................................52
4.6 Racial discrimination and the relations with Setting..............................54
4.6.1 Setting as a background of action......................................................54
4.6.2 Setting as a means of creating appropriate atmosphere..................54

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION............................................................................56
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................58
APPENDIX I........................................................................................................59
APPENDIX II.......................................................................................................61
APPENDIX III.....................................................................................................62
................................................................................................................................63
................................................................................................................................63
................................................................................................................................63
APPENDIX IV......................................................................................................64
APPENDIX V.......................................................................................................65
APPENDIX VI......................................................................................................66

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Problem
Steven Rodney "Steve" McQueen, born October 9, 1969, is a British director,

screenwriter, and video artist. She is the winner of the Caméra d'Or and BAFTA
awards. His 2013 film, 12 Years a Slave, won him the best director award at the
New York Film Critics Circle, as well as winning Best Drama Film at the 71st
Golden Globe. Steve McQueen has not only spearheaded the first black director to
win an Oscar award, but has also given awards to every cast of the film 12 Years
of a Slave using film media as its noble goal: to evaluate, educate, make every
viewer forget how to breathe by giving they are deep, honest, and surprisingly
true to life. Despite Steve McQueen's statement who did not have a special style
when he was a director, critics have identified himself as one of the directors who
bravely showed the "real" situation from the facts that occurred at that time. She
lives with her husband (a non-Steven), her daughter, Ella the Sprocket Spaniel,
and an ever-growing hug of collectible teddy bears although, if Ella has her way,
they'll be a collection of heads and limbs instead!
In this research, I am interested in analyzing this film because it describes a lot

of social problems, especially slavery and racism at that time. Through
characterization and story setting, it can clearly describe the social structure of the
community. In this film, there is a depiction of the various gaps experienced by
blacks because of the power that whites have.
In creating literary works, the author is influenced by the circumstances of the

community. 12 Years a Slave is a film adapted from a true story through a novel
by Solomon Northup. With a background in slavery, Steve McQueen featured
many scenes of torture that Solomon and his friends experienced in 1841 in the
United States.

1.2. Identification of the Problem
From the background that has been described and the title of the research I
made, the problem identification of this research is slavery. Black slavery in that
century was one of the darkest histories the United States has, and 12 Years a
Slave captures the essence of this sad history through the narrative of the main
character Solomon Northup, a previously happy free black man. who then had to
experience a fate he had never imagined before, namely becoming a slave. Not
only that, McQueen also described the plight of other black slaves who were
employed in New Orleans in a vulgar way. In fact, slavery at that time was very
natural and easy for blacks who were not educated and had low social status. They
were turned into "property" that the white merchants bought and sold and were
treated harshly.
I assume, the theme of this term paper is slavery caused by racism against
blacks people.
1.3. Limitation of the Problem

Based on the identification of the problems above, I limit my research to the
study of the suffering of Solomon figures and black people and the slavery and
racism that white figures will display. Theories and concepts used are literary
approaches: the indirect characterization method, characterization, themes, plot,
and setting. Through a sociological approach, I use the theory of genetic
structuralism. As for a set of categories contained in the theory of genetic
structuralism, namely: human facts, collective subjects, and the world view of the
author.
1.4. Formulation of the Problem

Based on the limitation of the problem above, the formulation of the research
problem is as follows: what is the assumption of the theme of this film, slavery
caused by racism? To answer this question, the next problem formulation is:

1. How the indirect method (showing) be used to analyze representations?
2. How the results of the analysis of social affairs and issues show the concept of
slavery and racism?
3. How the theme of the film “12 Years a Slave” by Steve McQueen, which
reflects the concept of slavery and racism, can be developed through analysis of
characterization, the concept of slavery, and racism?
1.5. Objective of the Research

Based on the formulation of the problem above, the research objective is to
show that the theme of this novel is Slavery Caused by the Factor of Racism
Against Blacks in the film "12 Years a Slave" by Steve McQueen. To achieve this
goal, the following research stages were carried out.
1. To use the indirect method (Showing) to analyze the leveling.
2. To analyze social characteristics and issues can reveal the concept of slavery
and racism.
3. To demonstrate that the theme of this film is: Slavery Caused by the Factor of
Racism Against Blacks in Steve McQueen's “12 Years a Slave” movie script can
be developed through a demographic analysis, the concept of slavery and racism.
1.6. Method of the Research

In this study, I used a qualitative research method with two models that
focused on the sociological conditions experienced by the characters in the films I
studied. In the first model, I use the showing method in characterization, in the
showing method it requires the readers to analyze the character of the character

themselves (Albertine Minderop, 2013: 22). In the second model, I use the
concept of racial discrimination and white supremacy to explain how racism is
experienced by the main character in this film, and finally the concept of racism
itself.
1.7. Benefit of the Research

Based on the above matters, this study aims for those who wish to deepen
their insights in literature. This research may be useful for those who are
interested in analyzing literary works using the concepts mentioned above. This
research is useful because it is carried out through a new perspective or it is also
explained if the researcher is sure that he is doing something new and is not
closed for further research.
1.8. Systematic Organization of the Research

Based on the explanation above, the presentation system of this research is as
follows:
1. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
Problem Background, Literature Review, Problem Identification, Problem
Limitation, Problem Formulation, Research Objectives, Theory Basis,
Research Methods, Research Benefits, Presentation System, Research Scheme,
and Bibliography
2. CHAPTER 2 : FRAMEWORK OF THE THEORIES

1. Based on the background of the problems above, I used a literature review
consisting of primary and secondary sources. The primary source I use is a
movie Script called: “12 Years a Slave” by Steve McQueen. The secondary
sources that I use are books that contain theoretical foundations and other
supporting literature such as: Characterization Methods for Literary Fiction and
Psychology Studies, Literary and Cultural Research Methods, and Sociology of
Literature. In addition, paper sources from the internet are also used as a source

of support for this research. (https://elib.unikom.ac.id/download.php?
id=248544) In this case, I will examine the issue of slavery as well as racism
experienced by Solomon and other black people in the film adaptation of the
novel.
2. Based on the research objectives above, the theories and concepts used cover
the fields of literature and sociology. The literary theory used is
1. characterization
2. theme
3. plot
4. background
3. CHAPTER 3: 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE SCRIPT THROUGH

INTRINSIC APPROACHES
1. Characterization
The method used is an indirect method (showing): dialogue and behavior.
This method is a dramatic method which ignores the presence of the author, so
that the characters in literary works can present themselves directly through their
behavior.
2. Theme
Theme is one of the critical terms and means different things to different
people. For some, who regard literature primarily as a means of teaching,
preaching, spreading favorite ideas, or encouraging some of the right behavior,
themes can mean morals or lessons that can be extrapolated from work.
3. Plot

Plot or plot is the author's controlling ability which is useful for describing
the writer's unanalyzed facts and incidents, then arranging the storyline to give
suggestions or reveal the cause and effect relationship and the story. Plot can be
grouped into 3, namely forward plot, reverse plot (flashback), and mixed plot. The
plot has several stages which are a series that make up a story.
4. Background
Background is information about space, time, events in a literary work. Or
another definition of background is the intrinsic use of literary works including
space, time and atmosphere that occur at an event in a literary work. Or it could be
the setting, which is all names, distribution instructions related to space, time and
atmosphere. The background includes a description of geographic location, the
actor / character's activity, the time of the event, the religious environment, the
season, morals, social intellectuals, and the emotional state of the actor / character.
4. CHAPTER 4 : SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINTS BLACK

PEOPLE IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A SLAVE”
It consists of a brief explanation of this chapter’s content, analysis of the
supremacism, and racial discrimination that will be seen on the characters setting
and plot. The concepts above appear in the number of sub-chapters.
5. CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION
Contains an evaluation of the previous chapters and the implications of the
research results. (Keep in mind, the conclusion is not a repetition or summary of
previous chapters, but something new that has not been mentioned before. The
research conclusions are open because it is possible that these conclusions can be
continued with further research).

CHAPTER II
FRAMEWORK OF THEORIES
As i already mentioned in the previous chapter, to understand the meaning

and the theme of the movie script, i will use several theories to apply. The theories
that i will apply in this research are intrinsic approach and extrinsic approach. The
intrinsic approach includes characterization, plot, and setting. For extrinsic
approach i will use theory about supremacism including racial discrimination.
This chapter will tell a deeper information about the concepts and theory that i
already mentioned in the previous chapter.
2.1. Intrinsic Approaches

To analyze the character of a film, I use some concepts through intrinsic
approach, they are characterization, setting, and plot. From the language is used,
there are words that contain a certain meaning, and this should be analyzed to find
out and explain the meaning that contained in this film, I use the intrinsic
approach to analyze the element of literary work. I use the concepts of James H.
Pickering and Jeffrey D. Hoeper in his book titled Concise Companion to
Literature. Those concepts will be explained in this chapter.
2.1.1. Characterization
Character is one of the important thing in a story. Character has a relation
with plot, without character there is no plot, no setting and no story. Pickering and
Hooper explained some terms of character in literary work. The term protagonist
and antagonist do not directly show the characterization of each character. It does
not mean protagonist always has a good character, and antagonist has a bad
character. Characterization appears when the author reveals the personality of the

character. Character can be presented by their action, speech and also their minds.
It includes the process of giving some information about them (Pickering and
Hoeper, 1981, p. 28).
There is a method of characterization that the author usually uses as a

guide or technique for writing literary work, that are telling and showing. One
method is telling, which is done directly by the author, and relies on exposition
and direct commentary by the author. The other method is the indirect, the
showiculng method, which involves the author’s stepping aside, as it were, to
allow the characters to reveal themselves directly through their dialogues and
actions. Most author employ a combination of each, even when the exposition
(Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 27)
2.1.1.1. Telling Method

There are two methods of characterization, telling method and showing
method. To analyze this movie script the writer use showing and telling methods.
Telling Method is a method that show the Author, the Author will be the narrator
and tell the reader about the character in the novel and direct commentary
(Pickering & Hoeper, 1997, p. 28).
1. Characterization through Appearance
Appearances can give the reader a clue to a character although sometimes

appearances are often deceiving those who see it. But in literature a character can
be seen from the appearance. And also the way the character dress or clothes can
be clues for the character , such as background, education and economic
(Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 30).
2. Characterization by the Author
This method was told by the Author. The Author interrupts the narrative and
reveals directly (the nature and personality), through a series of editorial
comments, the nature and personality of the characters, including the thought and

feelings that enter and pass through the characters’ mind. The Author not only
directs our attention to a given character but tells us exactly what our attitude
toward that character ought to be . (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 30).
2.1.1.2. Showing Method

The other method is the indirect, the dramatic method of showing, which
involves the author’s stepping aside, as it were, to allow the characters to reveal
themselves directly through their dialogues and actions. With showing, much of
the burden of character analysis is shifted to the reader, who is required to infer
character on the basis of the evidence provided in the narrative (Pickering and
Hoeper, 1981, p. 27-28).
2.1.1.2.1. Characterization Through the Dialogue

Characterization through the dialogue is divided into: What is being said by
the speaker, the identity of the speaker, the location, and the situation of the
conversation, the identity of the person the speaker addressing, the quality of
character’s mentality, tone of voice, dialect, emphasis, and vocabulary of the
characters (Albertine Minderop, 2013, p. 22-23)
1. What is Being Said
In this case, we need to know whether the dialogue will be discussed is

something that is important and can influence the events in the story.
(Pickering & Hoeper, 1997, p. 32)
2.The Identity of the Speaker
Something conveyed by a main character, which in this case is more

important than a subordinate figure, although sometimes information by
subordinate leaders can provide important about main characters. the
conversation of minor role often provides crucial information and sheds

important light on the personalities of the other characters (Pickering &
Hoeper, 1997, p. 32)
3.The Occasion
Location or situation of the discussion can also affect a person's
character, usually they will show their character when talking to people
which closest to, and we will know more about the character of the
particular way of seeing them talk to the people around them. And also
usually dialogue during the night is more serious and dialogue during the
day is more revealing and more information on it. (Pickering Hoeper,1997,
p. 33)
4.The Identity of the Person or Persons the Speaker Addressing

This narrative presented by characters in the story, where a certain
figure says something about the the other character. And also dialogue
between friends is more open and long than the dialogue between starngers.
It is depends who is more comfortable to talk to (Pickering & Hoeper,
1997, p. 33)
4.1 The Quality of the Exchange

The way how the conversation going or flow is important, it is better if
there are give and take in the conversatin with someone. But in the other is
more pasif the conversation will not last long. Characters can also take a
look through their mental quality is through rhythm or flow when they
speak. (Pickering & Hoeper, 1997, p. 33)
4.1.1 The Speaker’s Tone of Voice, Stress, Dialect, and Vocabulary

Important clues of the character we can see through their voice, stress,
dialect, and vocabulary, but we can see that if we observe and examine it
properly and carefully. And also speaker’s tone of voice when the character
talk to the other can also reaveal the attitude such as friendly and arrogant
(Pickering & Hoeper, 1997,p. 33)

2.1.2. Plot
The common definition of plot is that it’s whatever happens in a story. That’s
useful when talking about completed stories, but when we are considering stories
being written, it is about as useful as saying that a birthday cake is a large baked
confection with frosting and candles. It does not tell you how to make one ( Ansen
Dibell, 1988, p. 5)
2.1.2.1. Exposition
The exposition is the beginning section in which the author provides the
necessary background information, sets the scene, establishes the situation, and
dates the action. It may also introduce the characters and the conflict, or the
potential for conflict. (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 17)
2.1.2.2. Complication
Complication sometimes referred to as the rising action, breaks the existing
equilibrium and introduces the characters and the underlying or inciting conflict
(if the have not already been introduce by the exposition). The conflict is then
developed gradually and intensified (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 17).
2.1.2.3. Crisis
The crisis (also referred to as the climax) is that moment at which the plot
reaches its point of greatest emotional intensity; it is the turning point of the plot,
directly precipitating its resolution (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 17)
2.1.2.4. Falling Action

Once the crisis, or turning point, has been reached, the tension subsides and
the plot moves toward its appointed conclusion (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p.
17)
2.1.2.5. Resolution
The final section of the plot is its resolution; it records the outcome of the
conflict and establishes some new equilibrium or stability (however tentative and

momentary). The resolution is also referred to as the conclusion (Pickering and
Hoeper, 1981, p. 17). .
2.1.3 Setting
Setting in fiction work provides a broadest sense to the reader. Setting
includes the place that frames the action, time of the day, or a year, the climatic
condition, and the historial period during which the action takes place. Basically,
setting helps the reader to visualize the action of the work also adding some
credibility and an air of authenticity to the characters. In other words, setting helps
to create and sustain the illusion of life, and providing what we call verisimilitude
2.1.3.1 Setting as Background of Action
When we speak of setting as background, then, we have in mind a kind of
setting that exists by and large for its own sake, without any clear relationship to
action or characters, or at best relationship that is only tangential and slight. To
see whether setting acts as an essential element in the fiction, or whether it exists
merely as decorative and functionless background, we need ask ourselves this:
Could the work in question be set in another time and another place without doing
it essential damage? If the answer is yes, then the setting can be said to exist as
decorative background whose function is largely irrelevant to the purpose of the
work as whole (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 38)
2.1.3.2 Setting as Antagonist

Setting in the form of nature can be functioning as a kind of causal agent
or antagonist, helping to establish plot conflict and determining the outcome of
events. (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 39)
2.1.3.3 Setting as Means of Creating Appropriate Atmosphere

In fictional work, many authors manipulate their settings as a means of
arousing the reader’s expectations and establishing an appropriate state of mind
for events to come. (Pickering and Hoeper: 1981, p. 40)

2.1.3.4 Setting as a Means of Revealing Character
An author can also use setting to clarify and reaveal character by
deliberately making setting a metaphoric or symbolic extension of character
2.1.3.5 Setting as a Means of Reinforcing Theme

Setting can also be used as a means of reinforcing and clarifying the theme
of a novel or short story in purpose of creating and sustaining atmosphere, but
also as a way of illustrating the story. (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p. 42)
2.1.4 Theme
Theme is one of those critical terms that mean ery different things to
different people. To some, who think of literature mainly as a vehicle of teaching,
preaching, propagating a favorite idea, ir encouraging some form of correct
conduct, theme may mean the moral or lesson that can be extrapolated from the
work. Theme in literature, wheter it takes the form of a brief and meaningful
insight or a comprehensive vision of life, can be said to represent the way an
author uses to establish a relationship within the larger world in which he or she
lives and work. A theme can be expressed concretely in a very general way a
broad subject, such as; courtship, love, and marriage. The theme can also be
showed in a more abstract way as an idea or moral the message of story.
(Pickering and Hoeper, 1981, p .61)
2.2 Extrinsic Approaches

To analyze this movie script through extrinsic approaches, I use
psychological approach. Also I use the concept of aggression in order to analyze
the character. The concept will be explained below :
2.2.1 Psychology of Literature

According to (Endraswara, 2008: 16) Psikologi Sastra adalah sebuah
interdisiplin antara psikologi dan sastra yang mempelajari tentang manusia dari
sisi dalam. Daya tarik, psikologi sastra ialah pada masalah manusia yang
melukiskan potret jiwa. Tidak hanya jiwa sendiri yang muncul dalam sastra,

tetapi juga bisa mewakili jiwa orang lain. Setiap pengarang kerap menambahkan
pengalaman sendiri dalam karyanya dan pengalaman pengarang itu sering pula
dialami oleh orang lain. Also, According to (Endraswara, 2008: 89) langkah
pemahaman teori psikologi sastra dapat melalui tiga cara, pertama, melalui
pemahaman teori-teori psikologi kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap suatu
karya. Kedua, dengan terlebih dahulu menentukan sebuah karya sastra sebagai
objek penelitian, kemudian ditentukan teori-teori psikologi yang dianggap
relevan untuk digunakan. Ketiga, secara simultan menemukan teori-dan objek
penelitian.
Psychology of Literature is an interdisciplinary between psychology and

literature that studies humans from the inside. The attraction of Psychology of
Literature lies on human problems that paint a portrait of the soul. It is not only
one's own soul that appears in literature, but it can also represent the souls of
others. Each author often adds his own experience to his work and the author's
experience is often experienced by others (Endraswara, 2008: 16)
In addition, there are three ways to understand literary psychology theory,
first, through understanding psychological theories and then analyzing a work.
Second, by first determining a literary work as the object of research, then
determining which psychological theories are considered relevant to be used.
Third, simultaneously discover the theory and object of research (Endaswara,
2008:89)
2.2.2. Person Factor

Person factors include all the characteristics a person brings to the
situation, such as personality traits, attitudes, and genetic predispositions. In a
very real sense, personality is the sum of a person’s knowledge structures.
Knowledge structures also influence what situations a person will selectively seek
out and what situations will be avoided, further contributing to trait-like
consistency. Together, person factors comprise an individual’s preparedness to
aggress. (Bushman & Anderson, 2001) There are several examples of human
factors that I will be included here

2.2.2.1.1 Trait
Certain traits predispose individuals to high levels of aggression. For
example, certain types of people who frequently aggress against others do so in
large part because of a susceptibility towards hostile attribution, perception, and
expectation biases. Also a type of high self-esteem produces high aggression.
Specifically, individuals with inflated or unstable self-esteem or narcissists are
prone to anger and are highly aggressive when their high self-image is threatened.
(Bushman & Anderson, 2001)
2.3 Race
Race is an important issue in a social context because it doesn't just talk about
it
about the way human groups are categorized but also provides the basis for
create other ideologies that lead to discrimination of other groups Ashcroft (2007:
180)
2.3.1 White Supremacy

White supremacy is known as class domination and privilege for
white people. According to Ansley (1988: 1024) white supremacy is:
“A political, economic and cultural system in which whites overwhelmingly

control power and material resources. Conscious and unconscious idea of white
superiority and entitlement are widespread and relation of white dominance and
non-white subordination are daily reenacted across a broad array of institutions
and social settings”.
White supremacy controls almost every aspect of human life. These

aspects include the political aspects that regulate the government in carrying out
its activities his government.

2.4 Racial Discrimination
Racial Discrimination is a racial group or treatment on the basis of
inadequately justified factors other than race that disadvantages a racial group,
Blank and Dabady (2004:4). Also defines as the mistreatment of a group of people
on the basis of race, color and religion. This problem is very serious because it
always leads destruction to certain human being and the society. As stated by
Forman, Racial discrimination has serious consequences, including negatively
impacting psychological, physical and work outcomes (2003)
2.5 Segregation
Segregation is the physical separation of individuals, usually based on
their race, class, gender, or religion. Segregation can be either de jure, created by
law, or de facto, meaning resulting from practice. In the early 20th century, both
kinds of segregation came to define racial relations in the United States.
Segregation resulted in the restriction of the civil, political, economic, and social
rights of African Americans, Asian Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native
Americans throughout the nation. Segregation was a tool used by whites to
separate themselves from nonwhites as Americans redefined race. During the first
decades of the 20th century, Americans adopted the modern definition of race
based on skin color, which underlined the belief that any nonwhite person was
inferior. In addition, this gave rise to the belief that nonwhite Americans posed a
threat to the physical and moral health of the nation. Proponents of segregation
argued, therefore, that it was necessary to separate the less advanced racial groups
from the whites.
2.6 Prejudice
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based
solely on their group membership. Prejudice is a cultural attitude that rests on
negative stereotypes about individuals or groups because of their cultural,
religious, racial, or ethnic background. Prejudice as a negative attitude toward a
group or toward members of the group. The word is often used to refer to

preconceived, usually unfavorable, feelings towards people or a person because of
their sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality,
race/ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality,
sport team affiliation or other personal characteristics. In this case, it refers to a
positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their perceived group
membership.
2.7 Literature Review

Before we get into the concepts and the theories, i have gathered literature
review that consist previous research to support this thesis. For the previous
studies, I do not find any research that uses this movie. However, there are several
previous studies using the same topic. Those previous studies are:
The first, I found an analysis of this film, a paper written by Sarmita Utami
Harahap in 2017, the title of the research is THE ANALYSIS OF RACIAL
DISCRIMINATION IN SOLOMON NORTHUP'S 12 YEARS A SLAVE. In his
research, SARMITA UTAMI HARAHAP analyzes it by In analyzing this novel
the approach used is an intrinsic approach which emphasizes emphasize. analysis
on the text while the extrinsic approach emphasizes the analysis of external
courses of literary works such as history, socio-culture, religion, 8 psychology,
and philosophy. The intrinsic approach will be used by the author in this research.
The intrinsic approach is an approach that takes data from the literary work itself.
The main part of the intrinsic approach is based on the text of the literary work
itself by carrying out its interpretation and analysis. However, the intrinsic
approach begins the analysis of literary works from the work itself.
The Second, I found an analysis of this film, a papper written by Rizki

Utami Hutapea in 2012, the tittle of the research is Penokohan Dalam Film 12
Years a Slave Pesan Solidaritas Dalam Melawan Perbudakan. In his research,
Rizki Utami Hutapea analyzes it by close reading method that focuses on
character analysis with the theory of prejudice and discrimination Pettigrew

(1982) and Healey (1998). Character analysis can be seen from the
characterizations, dialogues and actions of the characters in Twelve Years A
Slave. The discussion of the characterizations is divided into 3 parts based on their
status, namely the characterizations of slave owners, foremen and carpenters, and
black slaves. These black and white characters will be grouped into Robert
Merton's typology in Healey (1998) about the relationship between individual
prejudice and discrimination. He divides the relationship between individuals into
four namely unprejudiced discriminator, unprejudiced nondiscriminator,
prejudiced nondiscriminator,and prejudiced discriminator.
The Third, I found an analysis of this film, a papper written by

Muhammad Ridho in 2018. The tittle of the research is Racism Experienced by
Solomon Northup As Seen 12 years a Slave movie by Steve Mc Queen. In his
research, Muhammad Ridho analyzes it by extrinsic approach in Sosiological
approach, and he use intrinsic approach there are prejudice, segregation,setting,
and theme. The extrinsic approach he uses to emphasize the racism experienced
by Solomon Northup. And the intrinsic element he uses to explain the
circumstances that occur in the film. However, the intrinsic approach begins the
analysis of literary works from the work itself.

CHAPTER III
MOVIE SCRIPT 12 YEARS A SLAVE THROUGH INTRINSIC
APPROACHES
Intrinsic Attitude is mainly concerned with the form, language, style,
symbols, images, contrast, structure, development of plot in a literary work.
Words on the page are of utmost importance in this approach. Intrinsic approach
is also called formalism as the basic interest of this approach is in the form of the
text. In this chapter I would like to analyze the movie script to explain the
characterization by using two methods; telling method, and showing method.
Second, by using the plot which consists of; exposition, complication, crisis,
falling action, and resolution. Also I will analyze the movie script with the setting
that consists into five parts: setting as an antagonist, setting as a means of creating
appropriate atmosphere, setting as background for action, setting as means of
revealing character, setting as a means of reinforcing theme.
3.1 Characterization
Character is one of many core elements in literary work. For most readers
of the fiction the primary attraction lies in characters. Fiction presents us with an
almost endless variety of memorable human beings, some who delight and amuse
us, others who puzzle, intrigue, or terrify us. We can even sympathize with some
of these characters in open enjoyment of life, in their doubts or sorrows in their
loneliness and endless search for value and meaning, studying characterization of
characters in literary work has the goal of understanding the theme of the work.
(Pickering and Hoeper, 1981:23)

3.1.1 Solomon Northup, aka “Platt”
A free black man who lived in the northern United States in the 1800s,
Solomon was kidnapped in 1841, at age 33, and sold into slavery in the South,
where he lived until he was rescued by friends in 1853. Solomon was married to
Anne (Hampton) Northup and with her had three children: Elizabeth, Margaret,
and Alonzo. The author of the memoir 12 Years a Slave, he chronicled his
experience and ultimate emancipation as part of the abolitionist movement in the
mid-1800s.
3.1.1.1 Racial discrimination

According to Narayan (2008), racial discrimination defines as any
distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or
national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing
the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights.
-Showing Method: Characterization through dialogue –
Solomon Northup : “It occurs to me that the expense of transportation

would be materially diminished...”
Tibeats : “Materially diminished"
Solomon Northup : “if we use the waterway”
Tibeats : “Are you an engineer, or a nigger?
Ford : “Let the man say his piece”
Based on the script above, it can be seen that Tibeats thinks Niggers only
become a slave, and cannot give any opinion because they are only black people
who are uneducated. The form of racial discrimination also found in this data
where the character Tibeats restricting Northup based on the color of the skin.
Tibeats : “You are a dog… and no better for following

instruction!”
Solomon Northup : “I do as ordered…”
Based on script above, it can be inferred that Tibeats said Northup is a dog
because he is only a slave, whose work and identity was lower than Tibeats. He
feels that Northup only a person who is regard of lowly like animal that must
complies the command. It is form of racial discrimination in which Tibeats
treating Northup less favourably based on the race.
Edwin Epps : “"And that servant... "which knew his lord's will...which
new his lord's will. "...and prepared not himself..."
prepared not himself. "...neither did according to his
will..."shall be beaten with many stripes." Do you hear
that? “Stripes." That nigger that don't obey his lord...
That's his master,do you see?That there nigger shall be
beaten with many stripes. Now "many" signifies a great
many. 40, 100, 150 lashes. 40,100, 150 lashes. That's
scripture.”
Based on the script above, it can be seen that Edwin Epps would treat the
Negroes badly based on his rule. Racial discrimination also found in this data
which character Epss as owner announce the rule of slavery and the Niggers who
do not follow his command will get the torture, it is clear that treating Niggers
badly occurs in this society. Niggers refer to people who has a black colour of
skin, therefor found form racial discrimination based on the colour of skin.

Bass : “White and black alike …
Mr. Epps : “You comparing me to a nigger, Bass?”
Bass : “I'm only asking, in the eyes of God” what is the

difference?”
Mr. Epps : “You might as well ask what the difference is between a white
man and a baboon. I seen one of them critters in Orleans.
Know just as much as any nigger I got”
Based on the script above, Bass said that all people are same, but Epps
said that the black people are alike with a baboon which not same with white. In
this data, also showed form of racial discrimination when character Epps was
distinct white people with black people based on colour own, and said that black
people are baboons.
3.1.1.2 A Slave
Henslin (2009:172) said that slave, whose essential characteristic is that
some individuals own other people, has been common throughout world history.
According to Giddens (2009:435) slavery is an extreme form of inequality, in
which certain people are owned as property by others. Thus, according to Kendal
(2014:203) slavery is an extreme form of stratification in which some people are
owned or controlled by others for the purpose of economic or sexual exploitation.
Negro Man : “I just wanna say something about Uncle Abram… He was
a good man... and he always looked out for us ever since
we were little…God love him…God bless him…God keep
him.
Solomon : “Amen”

Based on the script above, it can be shown that uncle Abram is a Nigger
slave who already working long time to Epps. Nigger man said that uncle Abrams
always looked the slave children since they are little, until he die. It means that he
was work in that place and die in that place too. It is clearly show that the slaves
will keep in the master place.
Eliza : “Under the circumstances, he is a slaver… But

you truckle at his boot.You luxuriate in his favor”
Solomon Northup : “I survive! I will not fall into despair!... I will
offer up my talents to Master Ford! I will keep
myself hearty until freedom is opportune!”
Based on the script above, it can be seen that Northup is desire for life. He
survives to get his freedom by showing his talent to Ford. It clearly shows that
survive are important if they are need to life, because slavery was for life.
3.1.2 Edwin Epps

Epps is characterized as an authoritarian figure towards his slaves. Epps
cruelty and cruelty makes Epps a white character with a prejudiced discriminator.
Epps considers black people as slaves equal to animals (only for work and have
no conscience)
3.1.2.1 Authoritarian
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/authoritarian
someone who demands that people obey completely and refuses to allow them
freedom. Epps considers black people as slaves equal to animals (only for work
and have no conscience)

Bass :In the sight of God. What is the difference, Epps between
a white man and a black one?
Epps :You might as well ask what the difference a white man and
a baboon.
Based on script above, it can be seen that Epps considers black people as
Baboons or the world's largest monkeys. That means that Epps' treatment of black
people doesn't look human and is very inferior.
Epps : Pats...! Patsey!

Solomon : Do not look in his direction. Continue on.
Epps : Patsey...!
Solomon : Found her, Master, and brought her back just as
instructed.
Epps : What'd you jus now tell her? What'd you say to Pats?
Solomon : No words were spoken. None of consequence.
Epps : Lie! Damned liar! Saw you talkin' with 'er. Tell me!
Solomon : I cannot speak of what did not occur.
Epps : I'll cut your black throat.
Epps : Platt... Platt, liquor filled me. I admit that it did, and I
done over reacted. It's the Lord's day. Ain't nothin'
Christian in us carryin' on like this. He me ta my feet, and
let us both pray to the Lord for forgiveness.
Epps : I'm all done in, Platt. I have met my limitations, and I
ain't equal to 'em. I concede to yah, but in the name of valor,
help yer master to his feet.

Based on script above, when Solomon and Patsey are returning from
Shaw's. Waiting on the porch of the Great House, a drunk Epps beckons for
Patsey, his lewd intentions obvious.
3.1.2.2 Cruel
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cruel
extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to people or animals. Epps is
famous for being cruel to his slaves. He did not hesitate to punish his slaves who
disobeyed his orders.

Patsey : I got this from Mistress Shaw. Mistress Epps won't even
grant me no soap ta clean with. Stink so much I make
myself gag. Five hundred pounds 'a cotton day in, day
out. More than any man here. And 'fo that I will be clean; that
all I ax. Dis here what I went to Shaw's 'fo.
Epps : You lie...
Patsey : The Lord knows that's all.
Epps : You lie!!
Patsey : And you blind wit yer own covetousness. I don't lie,
Massa. If you kill me, I'll stick ta that.
Epps : I'll learn you to go to Shaw's. Treach, go get some line.
Epps : Strip her. Strike her bare 'n lash her to the post
Based on script above, we learn that one day Patsey met with Mrs. Shaw
to ask for a bar of soap. But Epps couldn't believe what Patsey had said. Epps
thinks that Patsey has lied to him. Then Epps took a rope to whip Patsey.
3.2 William Ford

William ford was a slave owner and pastor of the Baptist church in Great
Pine Woods. Avoyelles. He was very rich and was described as very kind to his
slaves. Seen in the film's narration which says “He was a model master, walking

uprightly, according to of the light of his possession. Were all men such as he.
Slavery would be deprived of more than half its bitterness “
3.2.1 Kindly
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/kindly
generous, helpful, and thinking about other people's feelings. Ford did not view
Solomon as a stupid slave or a liar. Even Ford praised Salomon as Salomon
proudly proved his effective thinking.
Solomon : “Master Ford urged me to take his place occasionally on

horse to rest me. But I said no. I was not tired and it was
better for me to walk than him. He said many kind and
cheering things to me on the way, riding slowly in order
that I keep pace with him.
Based on script above Solomon, it gives a representation of equality that

Ford treats his slaves with love. He thinks Solomon is a great slave.
3.2.2 Generous
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/generous
willing to help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected. Ford is
famous for his generosity towards slaves, especially Solomon. One day he frees
Solomon from an imminent death threat from the Tibeats.
Ford : Platt... My poor Platt.

Ford : I believe Tibeats is skulkin' about the premises
somewhere. He wants you dead, and he will attempt to have
you so. It's no longer safe for you here. And I don't believe
you will remain passive if Tibeats attacks. I have

transferred my debt to Edwin Epps. He will take
charge of you.
Solomon : Master Ford, you must know; I am not a slave.
Ford : I cannot hear that.
Solomon : Before I came to you I was a freeman.
Ford : I am trying to save your life! And...I have a debt to be
mindful of. That, now, is to Edwin Epps. He is a hard
man. Prides himself on being a "nigger breaker." But truthfully
I could find no others who would have you. You've made
a reputation of yourself. Whatever your circumstances,
you are an exceptional nigger, Platt. I fear no good will come
of it.
Based on script above, Ford tries to save Solomon's life from the Tibeats.
Tibeats tries to kill Solomon. He really doesn't like Solomon because he thinks
Solomon is just a slave.
3.3 Patsey
Patsey is a slave woman who is very proud of Edwin epss as a slave
owner. Patsey is a smart slave because she is able to harvest more cotton in a day
than Edwin epss wants. And patsey is one of the black characters who get harsh
treatment from white people.
3.3.1 Great
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/great have
advantage. Patsey has advantage than other slaves. He was able to harvest 500
pounds of cotton a day, and that made Edwin Epps happy to her.

Epps : Five hundred twelve. Yah men folk got no shame lettin'
Patsey out pick yah? The day ain't yet come she swung
lower than five hundred pounds. Queen of the fields, she
is.
Based on script above, Edwin Epps was pleased with Patsey because he
was able to harvest more cotton than any other slave. And Patsey is Mr Edwin
Epps' favorite slave.
3.3.2 Frustated
Based on https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/fustated
feeling annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want. One
day Patsey looks frustrated because of Epps' treatment of her. He had asked
Solomon to kill herself.
Patsey : All I ask: end my life. Take my body to the margin of the
swamp—
Solomon : No!!
Patsey : Take me by the throat. Hold me low in the water until I's
still 'n without life. Bury me in a lonely place of dyin'.
Solomon : No! I will do no such thing. The...the gory detail with
which you speak—
Based on script above, Patsey looks very frustrated with what she went
through as a slave. He always gets very unnatural behavior from his master Epps.
Even one night he had a sex act committed by Edwin Epps.

3.4 Plot
As I mentioned before, plot is a compilation of stories of events that will
make line of a story. The plot originate some significant conflict, either it will be
internal or external. Through the plot, the reader will get a development of the
conflicts experienced by the characters. In this 12 years a slave movie script, I
analyze the plot that divided into five parts: There are exposition, complication,
crisis, falling action, and resolution.
3.4.1 Exposition
The exposition of this story takes place when discrimination is based on
racial experience by black people, where white people treat black people badly
because they think that they were taller than the blacks from the African American
Solomon Northup who had always been considered slaves. What is his opinion is
not heard because he is only considered a slave.
Burch : Well, my boy, how yah feel now?

Solomon : I am Solomon Northup. I am a free man a resident
of Saratoga, New York. The residence also of my
wife and children who are equally free. I have
. papers You have no right whatsoever to detain me.
Burch : Yah not any.
Solomon : And I promise you, I promise upon my liberation
I
will have satisfaction for this wrong.
3.4.2 Complication
The complication occurs when Solomon meet with Mr.Hamilton and
Mr.brown. They talked about many topics until dinner arrived. When they
finished dinner Solomon looked so drunk that he drank so much wine that he

fainted. When he woke up from his stupor he had been chained in a cage with
very shabby clothes.
Brown : I did. I did, but so many preparations before the company
is to depart.
Solomon : Gentlemen
Hamilton :Tomorrow we shall prepare for our Washington debut. But
tonight, our thoughts are with the great man.
Hamilton : Cheers
Brown : Another. Our departed President deserves all the
salutation we can imbibe.
Hamilton : That's all right Solomon. No shame in it. No shame at all.
Solomon : So.... So sorry.....
Hamilton : Sshhh. We won’t hear it. We won’t
Brown : Let him sleep
Hamilton : Hmm. A good night's sleep. And tomorrow...tomorrow
you will feel as well and refreshed as though the earth were
new again.
3.4.3 Crisis
The crisis occurs when Solomon woke up from his sleep and he realized
he was in a prison. Then came a young man named Burch who said Solomon was
a slave from Georgia. Then burch beat Solomon with a paddle.
Burch : Well, my boy, how yah feel now?

Solomon : I am Solomon Northup. I am a free man; a resident of
Saratoga, New York. The residence also of my wife and
children who are equally free. I have papers. You have no
right whatsoever to detain me.
Burch : Yah not any
Solomon : And I promise you -I promise upon my liberation I will
have satisfaction for this wrong.

Burch : Resolve this. Produce your papers. Yah no free man. And
yah ain't. from Saratoga Yah from Georgia.
Burch : Yah still insist yah a free man?
Solomon : I....I.... insist
Burch : Yah a slave.... slave from Georgia
The dialogue above happens when Burch begins to beat Solomon about
the back with the paddle. Burch strikes him wordlessly - notaunting, no sneering.
Solomon screaming against each blow. His back immediately swelling with welts
and bruises. This beating continues on and on and on until quiteliterally Burch
wears himself out with the effort.
3.4.4 Falling Action

The falling action of script movie 12 years a slave occurs when Radburn
brings food in to Solomon; a shriveled piece ofmeat and some water. Just barely
enough to sustain Solomon. Radburn also has a shirt.
Radburn: That old thing of yours is just rags and tatters. Need something
proper to wear.
(Solomon doesn't move for the clothing.)
Radburn : Go'won. Put it on.
(With slow defiance, Solomon does as instructed. He removes
what remains of his old shirt - the one he was wearing when
first kidnapped - and puts on the oneRadburn brought him. The
shirt's ill-fitting and dirty.)
Radburn : There. Tha's fine. Tha's fine. Got no gratitude?
Solomon : Thank you...
Radburn : Yah keep bein' proper, yah'll see how things work out.
Solomon : No! It was from my wife.

3.4.5 Resolution
Resolution occurs when old friends make contact with each other, wrap
each otherin a long and emotional embrace. It if finally broken by Epps, who has
moved over with the Sheriff.
Epps : Nah... You will unhand 'em. Platt is my n*gger!
Parker : He is Solomon Northup.
Epps : You say...
Parker : He belongs to no man.
Epps : You say! You come here, unfamiliar to me, and make claims.
Sheriff : Not claims. I have no doubts. This is Solomon Northup,a resident
of Saratoga Springs, NY.
Epps : To hell with that! My n*gger, andI'll fight you for 'em!
Parker : As is your right. As it will be my pleasure to bankrupt you in
the courts. Your decision.
3.5 Setting
Setting in fiction work provides a broadest sense to the reader. Setting
includes the place that frames the action, time of the day, or a year, the climatic
condition, and the historial period during which the action takes place. Basically,
setting helps the reader to visualize the action of the work also adding some
credibility and an air of authenticity to the characters. In other words, setting helps
to create and sustain the illusion of life, and providing what we call verisimilitude
(Pickering and Hoeper, 1981:37). In this part, I will analize the setting which
divided of five: setting as an antagonist, setting as means of creating appropriate
atmosphere, setting as background for action, setting as a means of revealing
character, setting as a means of reinforcing theme.
3.5.1 Setting as Background of Action

Setting as a background is a reference of where the action takes place, the
story 12 years a slave Mostly takes place in cotton field New York. Where a slave

is in cotton field gets racial discrimination thats becomes this movie scripts
exposition.
A. Cotton field’s Epps

The setting as a background in this movie script shows when a slave is on
the Cotton field to get his racial discrimination from Epps., where there shows a
slave is racial discrimination tortured from Epps everyday.
Epps : Yah took yerself ta pleasure Shaw.Yah gave baser passion to

that unblushin' libertine!
Solomon : Master Epps—
Epps : Now yah speak? Now that yah want to add to 'er lies yah find
yer tongue.
(Epps goes to strike Solomon, but Patsey pulls his arm back.)
Patsey : Do not strike him. I went to Massa Shaw's plantation!
Epps : Yah admit it.
Patsey : Freely. And you know why.
(Patsey takes soap from the pocket of her dress.)
Patsey : I got this from Mistress Shaw. Mistress Epps won't even grant
me no soap ta clean with. Stink so much I make myself gag. Five
hundred pounds 'a cotton day in, day out. More than any man
here. And 'fo that I will be clean; that all I ax. Dis here what I
went to Shaw's 'fo.
Epps : You lie...
Patsey : The Lord knows that's all. And you blind wit yer own
covetousness. I don't lie, Massa. If you kill me, I'll stick ta that.
Epps : I'll learn you to go to Shaw's. Treach, go get some line. Strip her.
Strike her bare 'n lash her to the post.
Miss Epps : Do it! Strike the life from her.
Epps : Beat her.
B. Epps’s House

The setting as a background in this movie script shows when a slave is
on the Epps’s house. One night Epps held a dance party followed by his slaves.
Epps stares at the dancing Patsey. But Epps' wife was angry and jealous over what
had happened. Then Epps' wife throws a glass bottle which makes Patsey hurt and
the wife tells her husband to sell Patsey or he threatens to go home to his parents.
Miss Epps : Sell her!

Epps : C'mon, now. Wha's this?
Miss Epps : You will sell the negress!
Epps : You're talkin' foolish. Sell little Pats? She pick
with more vigor than any other nigger! Choose another
ta go.
Miss Epps : No other. Sell her!
Epps : I will not!
Miss Epps : You will remove that black bitch from this property,
'er I'll take myself back to Cheneyville.
Epps : Back to that hog's trough where I found you? Oh,
the idleness of that yarn washes over me. Do not set
yourself up against Patsey, my dear. That's a
wager on which you will not profit. Calm yerself. And
settle for my affection, 'cause my affection you got.
Or, go. 'Cause I will rid myself of yah well before
I do away with her!
Epps : That damned woman! I won't have my mood
spoiled. I will not. Dance!
3.5.2 Setting as an Antagonist

Setting in the form of nature can be functioning as a kind of causal agent
or antagonist,helping to establish plot conflict and determining the outcome of
events. (Pickering and Hoeper, 1981: 39) In this movie script 12 years a salve is

the antagonist. The way he gets racial discrimination when Solomon meet with
Tibeats.
1. Ford’s farm
This event occur when Tibeats approached Solomon who was working on
a house, he said that Solomon's work was not correct but Solomon denied it and
said that he had done according to orders. Tibeats who did not accept Solomon's
answer was angry. Tibeats attack Solomon and finally a fight ensues. Solomon
wins over Tibeats. Tibeats who did not accept defeat finally brought 2 of his
friends. Solomon was hung from a tree by Tibeats and his friends.
Tibeats : I thought I told yah ta commence ta puttin' on clapboards

this morn'.
Solomon : Yes, master. I am about it. I have begun on the other side
of the house.
Tibeats : Didn't I tell yah last night to get a keg of nails of Chapin?
Solomon : And so I did; and Chapin said he would get another size
for you, if you wanted them when he came back from the
field.
Tibeats : Goddamn yah! I thought yah knowed somethin'!
Solomon : I did as instructed. If there's something wrong, then its
wrong with your instructions.
Tibeats : Yah black bastard! Yah goddman black bastard!
Tibeats : Strip yer clothes! Strip!!
Solomon : I will not.
Tibeats : Yew will not live ta see another day, nigger! This is yer
last, I swear it!
Tibeats :Murder! It's murder! Lord, God, help me. God be
merciful!
Tibeats : Papa I'm sorry!
Chapin : What is the matter?

Solomon : Master Tibeats wants to whip me for using the nails you
gave me.
Chapin : What's the matter with the nails?
Solomon : They're...they're too large.
Tibeats : This ain't done by half. I will have flesh, and I will have
all of it.
Tibeats : Tha's the one. Tha's him.
Chapin : Gentlemen... Whoever moves that nigger another foot
from where he stands is a dead man. I am overseer of this
plantation seven years, and in the absence of William
Ford, my duty is to protect his interests. Ford holds a mortgage
on Platt of four hundred dollars. If you hang him, he loses
his debt. Until that is canceled you have no claim to his
life.
Tibeats : Yah got no cause. Platt is mine, and mine ta do with as I
please.Yah touch my property, I will 'ave yah strung up
as well.
2. River Bank
This event occur when Solomon arrives to some tall grass at the edge of
the river. Lowering his trousers, Solomon squats to defecate. As he does, he
stares out toward the flowing waters of Indian Creek. After a few moments, as
though a thought far greater than relieving himself has come to him, Solomon
stands and replaces his pants. Oddly, Solomon stares out at the water as though he
were a man possessed. Just beyond the work area Solomon speaks with Ford as
Tibeats listens. Solomon is drawing in the dirt, making rough diagrams for Ford
as he explains himself.
Solomon : The creek is plenty deep enough to sail, even with a boat
full of load. The distance from the WORK AREA to the
point on the latter bayou is several miles by water fewer
than land. It occurs to me that the expense of the
transportation would be materially diminished—

Tibeats : "Materially diminished?"
Solomon : If we use the waterway.
Tibeats : It's a scheme. Plenty of engineers have schemed
similarly. The passes are too tight.
Solomon : I reckon them at more than twelve feet at their most
narrow. Wide enough for a tub to traverse. A team of
niggers can clear it out.
Tibeats : And you know what of transport and terra formin'?
Solomon : I labored repairing the Champlain canal, on the section
over which William Van Nortwick was superintendent.
With my earnings I hired several efficient hands to assist
me, and I entered into contracts for the transportation of
large rafts of timber from Lake Champlain to Troy.
Ford : (to Tibeats) I'll admit to being impressed even if you
won't. (to Solomon) Collect a gang, see what good you
can do.
3.5.3 Setting as a Means of Creating Appropriate Atmosphere

In fiction work, authors try to amuse the expectation of audience through
settings. Setting as a means of creating an appropriate atmosphere will show
several ambiguity in the story. The ambiguity in this between Solomon and his
master Edwin epss. Edwin epss thinks that solomon is his slave and not a free
man.
1. Epss’s house
This event occurs when Solomon met Epps for the first time at his house.
Epps said that they were all slaves who had to follow all his orders. If they go
against his orders then Epps will not hesitate to punish him.

Epps : "And that servant which knew his Lord's will...WHICH KNEW
HIS LORD'S WILL and prepared not himself...PREPARED
NOT HIMSELF, neither did according to his will, shall be
beaten with many stripes..." D'ye hear that? "Stripes." That
nigger that don't take care, that don't obey his lord - that's his
master - d'ye see? - that 'ere nigger shall be beaten with many
stripes. Now, "many" signifies a great many. Forty, a hundred, a
hundred and fifty lashes... That's Scripter!
Solomon : Yes sir I will obey your orders.
Epps : It’s good.....
2. Epps’s cotton field
This event occurs at Epps’s cotton field, the slaves were told to harvest
cotton every day as much as 200 pounds a day if it didn't reach the target per day
then the slaves would be punished.
Edward : Pick that cotton. Move along now.

Treach : C'mon. Drive dem niggers.
Treach : Two hundred forty pounds for Bob
Epps : What yah got for James?
Treach : Two hundred ninety five pounds.
Epps : Tha's real good, boy. Tha's real good.
Treach : One hundred eighty two pounds for Platt.
( Epps does’n look happy, Treach says again)
Treach : One hundred eighty two.
Epps : How much can even an average nigger pick a day?
Treach : Two hundred pounds.
Epps : This nigger ain't even average.
( Epps pulls Solomon aside)
Treach : Five hundred twelve pounds for Patsey

Epps : Five hundred twelve. Yah men folk got no shame lettin'
Patsey out pick yah? The day ain't yet come she swung
lower than five hundred pounds. Queen of the fields,she
is
Treach : Two hundred six pou—
Epps : How much he pick yesterday?
Treach : Two hundred twenty nine pounds
(Wiley is pulled from the line, huddled with Solomon.)
3.5.4 Setting as Means of Revealing Character

Setting as a means of revealing character occurs when Solomon Northup,
start to call be Plat. It started when the slaves were gathered in a boat, where the
slaves wanted to be sold. Someone changed and called the slaves' real names with
their new nicknames.
Freeman : Oren. John. Lethe. Eliza. Randall. Emily. Platt...

Platt!
(Solomon does not respond. Freeman looks around. He
spots Solomon.)
Freeman : Captain, who shipped that nigger?
Captain : Burch.
Freeman : Stand up
Freeman : You fit the description given. Why didn't you answer
when called?
Solomon : My name is not Platt. My name is—
Freeman : Your name is Platt, and I will teach you your name so that
you don't forget.
This is the first time Solomon starts calling Platt, there are reasons why his
name changed to Platt. First is because Solomon is not a freeman. If his name

remains solomon then people will know his true identity. Second, if his name is
not changed then he will always feel as a free person not as a slave.
3.5.5 Setting as a Means of Reinforcing Theme

As I mentioned in chapter II, setting can also be used as a means of
reinforcing and clarifying the theme of a novel or short story in purpose of
creating and sustaining atmosphere, but also as a way of illustrating the story. I
assume, the theme of this research is slavery caused by racism against blacks
people movie script 12 years a slave. Which in this movie script, setting as a
means of reinforcing theme is how a slave always get a racial discrination from a
white man.
1. Freeman’s house
After Solomon's name was changed to Platt, the slaves were collected in a
free man's house to be traded to free people. At that time a man named William
Ford came, he asked the price to buy Solomon and Eliza to another free person.
Ford : What is the price for the ones Platt and Eliza?
Freeman : A thousand for Platt; he is a nigger of talent. Seven hundred
for Eliza. My fairest price.
Ford : You will accept a note?
Freeman : As always, from you, Mr. Ford.
Eliza : Please, sir... Please don't divide my family. Don't take me
unless you take my children as well.
Freeman : Eliza, quiet!
Eliza : You will have the most faithful slave in me, sir. The most
faithful slave that has ever lived, but I beg that you do not
separate us.
Buyer : Your price for the child?
Freeman : You see how fit the boy is. Like ripe fruit. He will grow into
a fine beast.

CHAPTER IV
SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINTS BLACK PEOPLE
IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A
SLAVE”
Previously in chapter three, I analyzed 12 years a slave movie script

through intrinsic approach. Now in this chapter I want to explain the movie script
by using extrinsic approach. Extrinsic factors are the literary elemets or factors
which can be found outside the literary works but it is indirectly influence the
structure of the literary works. Extrinsic approach is used by critics to emphasize
the importance of the context to the text. In addition, the extrinsic elements related
to psychology author and author of circumstances in terms of both economic,
political, religious, cultural, and social. (Wellek & Warren, 1956). To understand

the content of movie script, I try to analyse by using psychological approach to
prove my assumption, I use the theory of racial discrimination and it’s relation to
Solomon a slavery affect. I will explain about result of intrinsic approach analysis
that support the theme of the story and I will analyse it by using psychological
approach and elaborate it.
4.1 The Relation between Racial discrimination and Solomon’s

characteristics
Racial discrimination is a real form of oppression that occurs to black
people. They as white people always think that black people are just slaves and
their degree is very far from white people. Solomon who himself as black always
gets racism from his master. Racial Discrimination is a racial group or treatment
on the basis of inadequately justified factors other than race that disadvantages a
racial group, Blank and Dabady (2004:4). Also defines as the mistreatment of a
group of people on the basis of race, color and religion. In this movie script,
Solomon can be seen as someone who is racism.
.
4.2 Relation between theory white supremacy to racism
White supremacy is known as class domination and privilege for white
people. White supremacy controls almost every aspect of human life. These
aspects include the political aspects that regulate the government in carrying out
its activities his government.
Freeman : Tallest to smallest, understand? Are you taller than her?

Then you'd go before her. Do it. Move.
Freeman : (to the group) Keep your heads up. A sense of direction;
that's how you look smart. None of those saucer eyes. Rid
yourself of that smile. Look like a goddamn grinnin'

monkey. Put the least thought in your head. C'mon, now.
Think of somethin'
Throughout this film, white people always show their strength than black
people. And they always do anything to black people. They think that the power
of white people is far above that of black people. Even those white people did not
hesitate to kill the niggers who always denied their orders.
4.2 Racism to Black People

In this scene, the head carpenter, William Ford, is giving greetings,
directions and orders to a group of white workers. All the black workers who
lined up listened to directions and orders from John Tibeats. This scene is then
filled with scenes of John Tibeats singing and the scenes of black workers
chopping and carrying wood are inserted simultaneously.
Oh run nigger run well the pattyroller will get you

Run nigger run well you better get away *
Run nigger run well the pattyroller will get you *
Run nigger run well you better get away
Nigger run nigger flew *
Nigger tore his shirt in two
* Run run the pattyroller will get you
* Run nigger run well you better get away
Nigger run, run so fast *
Stoved his head in a hornets nest *
Run nigger run well the pattyroller will get you *
Run nigger run well you better get away
In this section of the film, the representation of racism can be judged from
the narrative in this scene which shows the storyline in the form of a group of
black workers who are lined up to listen to welcome remarks, directions and
orders from John Tibeats as the white Chief Carpenter William Ford. It can be

seen that all of William Ford's manual laborers are black, even though white John
Tibeats is also a William Ford worker, but at least they are not manual laborers
like the black workers. All the black workers who lined up listened to directions
and orders from John Tibeats. This scene is then filled with scenes of John Tibeats
singing and the scenes of black workers chopping and carrying wood are inserted
simultaneously. The striking part of this scene is the singing performed by Jhon
Tibeats with language lyrics which, when translated, sound racist. Here are the
lyrics to the song by John Tibeats
4.3 Intentional Discrimination Happened to Solomon

In this section I will explain the acts of racism received against Solomon,
there are some acts of racism committed against Solomon by white people. In
addition, he gets racism through verbal and non-verbal. I will explain it from the
start he became a slave.
4.3.1 Taken and beaten like an animal

Once a free man of Saratoga, New York, Solomon Northrup, who works
as a violist, is persuaded by two white men to follow them to Washington. The
white men, one is said to be a dr. Brown and the other, Hamilton, offer big money
to Solomon if he is willing to work for a circus with them. On an occasion,
Solomon and the white men celebrate the financial success of their work.
Solomon did not know that the drink he has in the restaurant is duped with drugs.
He wakes up in a room chained to the floor.
4.3.2 Sold like an animal

There was a scene in the film that caught the moment when the slaves
were
about to be sold, they were priced and offered as if they were animals. The slaves
are even stripped of their clothes when they are auctioned. One of the basic right
of a human is the right to decide what is good or not good and act based on the
decision of it. Wearing clothes is surely one of a way to show the dignity of

humanity. As body parts are private thing, one would prefer to wear clothes to
cover it in front of many people. In the film, it is shown that Solomon and his
family were able to wear the clothes they wanted when he was a free man. Things
change when the movie scenes get into the part when all the slaves are brought
into a house to be sold. Some of them do not wear any clothes because the seller
wanted the buyer of the slaves to see how good the body of the slaves were.
4.3.3 Forced to sleep on the ground

The slaves do not have a proper place to live. They do not sleep on beds
but
on the ground in a separate building from their masters. The masters of the slave
are usually the riches. They should have money to buy the slaves who are often
sold in a high cost. They also usually own a garden or plantation, the place where
the slaves work. Although the slaves live in miserable places, they cannot run
away from their masters. At night, they should sleep together in a place provided
by the masters. One of the place’s conditions could be seen from this scene.
4.3.4 Denied of their own name

The worst thing in this intentional discrimination toward black people is
that
they do not have rights to keep their own names. Name is not only a word
attached to a person. Name is a label that a person is known by. It is given by the
parents to their children in a hope that the child’s character might represent the
name that he or she has, for instance, Lucky and Richie. When a boy is given the
name Lucky, it means that the parents wish their child to be lucky. The word
‘rich’ in the name “Richie” might mean that the parents want him to be rich. With
all the good wishes in a name, a person must be proud to call his name when
someone is asking for it.
4.3.5 Given improper food in quantity and in quality.

Food is surely one of many important things that are needed by any living

things to stay alive and to have the energy they need to do the activities. The
amount
of food needed is at least as much as the energy spent so that one might be able to
survive. However, 12 Years a Slave movie shows the portrayal that the amount of
food given by a master can not really compensate the energy spent by the slaves.
They have to work really hard to satisfy their masters’ expectation or else they
will be whipped. However, the master does not really give sufficient amount of
food for the slaves. In the movie, there is never a scene showing the slaves having
their lunch in the afternoon. So there is a possibility that the master does not give
any lunch for the slaves. They need to work as hard as possible to avoid the
master’s punishment, and as a consequence, they probably skip their lunch and go
on working.
4.3.6 Work like there is no other day

It is true that human needs to work to fulfil their needs, but it does not
mean
that they can just work all the time. Having a break is also a necessary thing to do.
Without a proper resting, the body and the mental health will take their tolls. The
slaves do not really have the luxury of having a rest. When there is no light the
slaves do not work or cannot work in a plantation, but instead of having a rest,
their master will ask them to do any other things. One of the ridiculous things to
be done which is shown in the movie is when Mr. Epps orders the slaves who are
having a rest in their room to come out and have a dance party in his house. The
party sounds like a fun thing to do, but it is not. There, the slaves are ordered to
dance energetically although they have been tired from all day working in the
plantation or doing other jobs.
4.3.7 Denied of day off

Working, like any other activities, takes up energy. People need to focus,
concentrate, and act when they are working. So they need some rest after working
as. they need time to recover the energy both physically and mentally.Slaves work

harder than the common people. They do not have time to break during the
working time. They also get very harsh punishment when the results are under the
target set by their masters. The masters call the slaves to see the results of their
work. If it is less than what they expect, the slaves will be punished. After that,
they must continue to work. Some slaves have the chance to have a day off in
Sabath day. There is a scene in the movie showing Patsey having a congregation
with his fellow slaves. However, it is not stated if it is a whole day off or just a
short break.
4.3.8 Denied of the rights to state their own opinions.

One of the basic human right is the right to state an opinion. In a time
when
there is no slavery, if there is something people like or dislike then they may give
their opinion. Although it does not mean that if they do not like something, then
they can unpleasantly critisize it. There might be a certain condition that might
follow like giving the opinion politely. However, a slave is really discriminated in
this matter. They should always say “yes” and follow order. They do not even
have any right to oppose anything done by a master either to themselves or any
other slaves. In the beginning of the movie, there is a scene in a ship that shows
Solomon
and another slave are throwing a dead body wrapepd in a layer of cloth into the
sea.
4.4 The Racism condition of Solomon Northup’s life as seen in 12 Years a

Slave movie script by Steve Mc. Queen
In the nineteenth century in the American slavery was still a serious problem,
slavery was much naturally experienced by Negro, they were mostly hired to
became cotton laborers, factory workers and garden workers. This happened
because of economic factors that were still increasing so the need for labor was
very and because of the racism they possessed in the white man's where they felt
superior and the Negroes were inferior to them.

Precisely in Saratoga, New York in 1841, it was also experienced by a
Negro named Solomon Northup which is featured in the film 12 years a slave.
And from that movie the writer got the condition of Solomon Northup that he
experienced on his life, which were: first the condition when he had not became a
slave (free man) and how he can get caught up in slavery, then racism condition
when he experienced became a slavery until 12 years (slavery condition) until
how the process he out from slavery, and condition after he got his freedom back
(freeman again condition)
4.4.1 Free Man Condition ( Before racism practice )

In Saratoga, New York on 1841, Solomon Northup a Negro who lived
freely with a white man without any pressure and violence unlike some other
Negro who did not get the freedom of the day. He was a pre-saintly violinist who
accompanied an event.
Solomon Northup lived happily with his wife and two daughters without
any pressure from anywhere and went through the day like other free people.It
looked like how happily the Solomon Northup with his family was a free Negro, it
could be seen from the clothes that they wore and showed the same equality as the
others and the vehicles that were used, and it all looked no different from the
people who lived freely at that time.
Mr.Moon : Mr. Northup I have two gentlemen whose

acquaintance you should make,Mr.Brown
and Hamilton.
Mr. Moon : Mr. Northup, these two gentlemen where
enquiring about individuals and I was just
this very moment saying Solomon Northup
is an expert player on the violin.

Mr. Hamilton : He was indeed
Solomon : Mr. Moon is being overly gracious.
The situation describe how the interaction between Northup Solomon and
White people, there was no clear how Northup Solomon was highly valued and
respected, even several times he has won praise for his expertise. And also
Northup Solomon was called by the mister prefix by people; it shows that
Solomon Northup was highly respected. There was no communication gap
between them, but respect for each other.
4.4.2 Racism Condition

This condition was the part where the Solomon Northup really felt his life
changed dramatically, from being originally a free Negro, and a professional
violinist, he lived happily with his wife and two children in Saratoga, New York.
But unfortunately all the lives of the independent and happy Solomon Northup
suddenly changed only in an instant, because he was deceived when he met two
white people their names were Mr. Brown and Hamilton, who claimed to be
circus businessmen.
With his cheated, these two white men persuaded Solomon Northup to be
invited to Washington to play in a circus showed. When he arrived in
Washington, Solomon was invited to dinner at a restaurant and then force-fed
until he was drunk and unconscious, and at that time Solomon Northup was
kidnapped and sold by them to Burch to become a slave in the New Orleans area.
And when he was aware of his intoxication, Solomon Northup found himself
chained and made a slave.
Solomon : If you truly do, I would ask. I Would beg

that you write my Friends in the north,
acquainting Them with my situation
and Beseeching them to forward free

Papers, or take such steps as they
Might consider proper to secure my
Release.
Solomon : My daughter Margaret is possibly now 19
and my son Alonzo, 16. I miss them so.
It would be an unspeakable happiness
to clasp my wife and my family again.
Bass : I have always forgone relationships
family. I did once have a sweetheart
who I loved deeply.
Bass : But that was a long, long time ago. I
have been traveling this country for
the best part of twenty years. My
freedom is everything. The fact that I
can walk out of here tomorrow gives
me most pleasure. I see the aching in
your eyes, the pain of not being
attached to your loved ones. My life
doesn't mean much to anyone, but it
seems your life means a lot to a lot of
people. What you have just said to me
scares me, and I must say, sir, I am
afraid. Not just for you, but for me.
Bass : I will write your letter sir, for if I
could bring freedom to you, it will be
more than a pleasure. It will be a duty.
Now, would you be so kind as to pass
me those nails, sir.
One day, the plantation where Solomon Northup worked was visited by
the local sheriff. The sheriff, who comes with another man on a horse-drawn

carriage, calls Solomon who was working. Sheriff asked Solomon Northup a
number of questions to match the answer with the facts of his life in New York.
Solomon. Northup recognized another man who came with the sheriff as a
shopkeeper he knew from Saratoga, Mr. Parker who had come to release him after
being enslaved for 12 years.
4.4.3 Free man Condition (After racism practice )

After Solomon Northup managed to escape from Mr. Epps's hand as a
slave, Solomon Northup was then taken by Mr. Parker back to Saratoga. After he
felt the bitterness of living a slave for 12 years, getting insulted and treated
inhumanely, he finally got his freedom back to being a normal life like before
with his family in Saratoga, New York.
4.5 Racial discrimintion and the relations with Plot

In this section, I want to explain about Solomon get racism according to
the plot. As I mentioned before, plot is a core elements in a fiction work. Through
the plot, the reader will get a development of the conflicts experienced by the
characters. There are some examples of dialogue throughout the concepts of plot
that can be related with racial discrimination. The examples happened in the
exposition, complication, and crisis.
4.5.1 Exposition
In the exposition, happened when Solomon and the slaves arrived at the
sugar cane plantation. A white man ordered the slaves to harvest sugar cane. They
are taught how to harvest sugar cane properly and correctly.
Overseer : Draw the cane from the rick, cut the top and flags from
the stalk, understand? Leave only that part which is sound
and healthy. Cast off the rest...

In this scene showing mister Overseer how to harvest the cane. About
thirty slave are working the field. They are divided into three gang. The first
which draw the cane, the next lay the cane in the drill, the last then hoe the rows
after. Solomon is among a gang that draws and cuts, and he moves with speed
and skill. Certainly more so than he displayed picking cotton.
4.5.2 Complication
In the complication when one night Patsey woke Solomon who was
sleeping, Patsey asked Solomon to be willing to kill himself. Patsey told him that
he was not strong enough to live his life, but at that time Solomon refused Patsey's
request to kill him.
Patsey : Platt... Platt, you awake?

Solomon : I am.
Patsey : I have a request; an act of kindness.
Patsey : I secreted it from the Mistress.
Solomon : Return it!
Patsey : It yours, Platt.
Solomon : For what cause?
Patsey : All I ask: end my life. Take my body to the margin of the
swamp—
Solomon : No!!
Patsey : Take me by the throat. Hold me low in the water until I's
still 'n without life. Bury me in a lonely place of dyin'.
Solomon : No! I will do no such thing. The...the gory detail with
which you speak—
Patsey : I thought on it long and hard.
Solomon : It is melancholia, nothing more. How does such despair
even come to you?

Patsey : How can you not know? I got no comfort in this life. If I
cain't buy mercy from yah, I'll beg it.
Solomon : There are others. Beg them.
Patsey : I'm begging you!
Solomon : Why? Why would you consign me to damnation with such
an un-Godly request?
Patsey : There is God here! God is merciful, and He forgive
merciful acts. Won't be no hell for you. Do it. Do what I
ain't got the strength ta do myself.
In this scene Patsey is no longer strong for the suffering she is feeling. He
asked Solomon to be willing to kill him, but he loudly refused his request.
Solomon says nothing. Clearly he's not about to do the deed. With nothing else
to do, knowing she is damned with every breath she draws, Patsey crawls back to
her spot on the floor and lays herself down.
4.5.3 Crisis
In the crisis, Solomon awakens. He hears sounds beyond the door
footsteps. Eventually the door opens. Enter James Burch who runs the slave pen
- and Ebenezer Redburn who works as a turnkey and overseer. As the door opens,
this is the first light to seep into the otherwise near-black room. The shine is
painful to Solomon's eyes. With no salutation whatsoever, Radburn walks off-
camera and returns with a pair of "instruments:" a paddle the flattened portion,
which is about the size in circumference of two open hands, and bored with a
small auger in numerous places. Burch continues to strike, and strike this time
until the paddle snaps in half. Burch then grabs the whip. Hardly missing a
stroke, he whips Solomon relentlessly, the flails cutting into Solomon's back.
Again, Burch's arm tires before Solomon "breaks.
Radburn : I seen a good many of the black kind just where yah're.
Sick. Make me sick. Often times the situation was
resolved, and I think; what was all the beatin' and
abuse for? Things end as they should, and the violence

was for naught. So why cause trouble when they ain't
no cause for it? Be of a cooperative nature, and things
don't need be particularly unpleasant. (beat) Or, yah
can carry on like yah been, and I fear yah won't live to
see Sunday next.
Solomon : Help me! Someone help me!
4.5.4 Resolution
This resolution occurred when one day Solomon was working in the
cotton fields owned by Epps, suddenly there was someone Solomon knew. The
person called by the name Solomon. A confused Epps asked what was going on.
Then the man explained that he wanted to free Solomon from slavery.
Sheriff : Say again?

Solomon : Mr Parker?
Sheriff : That man received a letter compiling many accusations.
You look me in the eye and on your life answer me
truthfully: have you any other name than Platt?
Epps : Sheriff?
Sheriff : Have you a family?
Epss : What's all this?
Sheriff : It's official business.
Epps : My nigger, my business.
Sheriff : Your business waits. (to Solomon) Tell me of your
family.
Solomon : I have a wife and two children.
Sheriff : What were your children's names?
Solomon : Margaret and Alonzo.
Sheriff : And your wife's name before her marriage?
Solomon : Anne Hampton. I am who I say.

4.6 Racial discrimination and the relations with Setting
In this section, I want to explain about Solomon’s racial discrimination
according to the setting. Setting in fiction work provides a broadest sense to the
reader. Basically, setting helps the reader to visualize the action of the work also
adding some credibility and an air of authenticity to the characters. There are
some examples of dialogue throughout the concepts of setting that can be related
with racial discrimination. The relation of Racial discrimination and Setting can
be seen in Setting as a background of action, and setting as a means of revealing
character.
4.6.1 Setting as a background of action

Setting as a background is a reference of where the action takes place, the
story 12 years a slave. Mostly takes place in cotton field New York. Where a
slave is in cotton field gets racial discrimination.
Edward : Pick that cotton. Move along now.

Treach : C'mon. Drive dem niggers.
Edward : Pick dat cotton. Move along now, hear?
In this dialogue above, it stated a slavery ordered to harvest cotton. The

freeman ordered the slaves to be able to harvest cotton every day up to 200
pounds. If the slaves could not harvest the cotton according to the target then they
would be punished.
4.6.2 Setting as a means of creating appropriate atmosphere

In fiction work, authors try to amuse the expectation of audience through
settings. Setting as a means of creating an appropriate atmosphere will show
several ambiguity in the story. The ambiguity in this between Clemen and
Solomon. Clement said to Solomon if he wants to survive, never tell your true
identity. and never say that you can read and write.

Clemen : If you want to survive, do and say as little as possible.Tell
no one who you really are and tell no one that you can
read and write.
(Clemens Ray turns away from Solomon, eyes lost into the
* distance.)
Clemen : (slowly) * Unless you want to be a dead * nigger.
In this dialogue above occurs while on board. Solomon and Clemen saw a
female slave being tortured because the white man knew who the woman's true
identity was. Then the woman was brought into the ship's room and subjected to
torture.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
After analyzing the movie script, I conclude that an intrinsic approach

can be used to analyze Solomon. And I also applied to show methods to analyze
the characterization of Solomon's character. In this paper, the characters I
analyzed are Solomon Northup (Platt), and His Master (Edwin Epps) by using
five methods of setting: setting as a background of the action, setting as an
antagonist, setting as a means of creating an appropriate atmosphere, setting as a
means of revealing characters, and setting as means of reinforcing theme, and by
using the concept of the plot I find the plot of the movie script from exposition to
resolution. The background of this movie script is mainly located in United State,
1884.
Then I conclude that extrinsic approaches can be used to analyze this
movie script. I used the concept of Racial Discrimination and White Supremacy as
Key Points in Solomon’s facing racism. Then I elaborate on the intrinsic and
extrinsic approaches to prove the theme of the research which is Racial
discrimination and White supremacy Affects as Key Points in Solomon’s facing
racism in Steve Mcqueen’s Movie Script 12 years a slave.
Racial discrimination is experienced by black people because of their
color of skin and nationality. Black people or Niggers regarded low level than
white. Forms of racial discrimination found in negative or less well treatment,
restricting, insult, and distinction black people. After analyzing the movie, the
writer concludes that there racial discrimination and social stratification between
black people and white people of the American century in the eighteenth century.
Solomon Northup is one of the representations of black people in that period.
The result of this study reveals five discriminatory behaviors practiced by
white characters towards Solomon Northup and Patsey characters in the movie.
Racial discrimination occurs through the five discriminatory behaviors such as
verbal antagonism, avoidance, segregation, physical attacks, and extermination. In

addition, there is a certain reason why those white characters practiced the five
discriminatory behaviors to Solomon Northup and Patsey characters. It is Because
of the based state of mind as white supremacist of believing that white people are
the supreme race of human beings and therefore they pose some kind of invisible
privilege to discriminate other races, especially on black people.
In conclusion, 12 years a slave movie script theme is slavery. It shows the
effects of a society of a mentally unstable man for most of his life. He is an
outcast, alienated, and this movie depicts what may happen if we do not give
those types of people the help they need. Understanding the characterization and
the concept of psychology in the research, the readers can easily see the theme of
the movie script.
According to this research, it is available for the next research to
analyze 12 years a slave movie script through other approaches or concepts. This
research also introduces the student of English Language and Culture
Departement about Racial discrimination and White supremacy in literary work.
Also, this research can be useful as a competition to write a better one.

REFERENCES
Minderop, Albertine. 2013. Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi, cetakan kedua,

JakartaPustaka Obor Indonesia.
Minderop,Albertine. 2013.Psikologi Sastra, Cetakan ketiga Jakarta: Pustaka

Obor Indonesia, Januari.
Pickering, James H. and Hoeper, Jeffrey D. (1981). Concise Companion to

Literature, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.,
Henslin. (2007). Essential of Sociology. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Hakim, B. A. (2015). Analysis Racial Discrimination and Social Stratification in

12 Years a Slave. A Graduating Paper, 1-54.
Herdiawan, A. (2019). Tindakan Retensi Supremasi Kulit Putih. 10-21.
Hutapea, R. H. (2012). Penokohan dalam Twelve Years a slave : Pesan solidaritas

melawan Perbudakan. Jurnal Kajian Paradigma Budaya, 215-234.
Manurung, S., & Sari, M. I. (2017). Analysis Racial Discrimination and Social
Stratification in 12 Years a Slave. 221-226.
Ridho, M. (2018). Penokohan dalam Twelve Years a slave : Pesan solidaritas

melawan Perbudakan. 29-35.
Wibawa, S. D. (2019). THE STUDY OF DISCRIMINATION ON SOLOMON.

16-40.
Cambridge.org. (t.thn.). Cambridge Dictionary. Diambil kembali dari

dictionary.cambridge.org:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/kindly

APPENDIX I
LAPORAN KEMAJUAN PENULISAN SKRIPSI SARJANA
Nama Mahasiswa : Aditia Pratama Saputra

Dosen pembimbing : Dra. Karina Adinda Sulaeman, MA
Judul Skripsi : SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM
AGAINST BLACK PEOPLE IN STEVE
MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A
SLAVE”
Mulai Bimbingan : 15 March 2021

Tahun Akademik : 2021
No Hari & Tanggal Catatan Pembimbing Paraf
1 Selasa, 16 Maret 2021 Pengumpulan Bab 1

kepada dosen pembimbing
2 Jumat, 19 Maret 2021 Revisi bab 1 Objective of

the research.
3. Rabu, 16 Juni 2021 Pengumpulan Bab 2

4. Senin, 21 Juni 2021 Revisi Bab 2 kata ras
diganti race
5. Rabu, 23 Juni 2021 Pengumpulan bab 3
6. Sabtu, 26 Juni 2021 Pengumpulan Bab 4 dan 5
7. Rabu, 30 Juni 2021 Revisi Bab 2 dibagian

characterization.Dan revisi
bab 5.
Jakarta, 4 Juli 2021
Menyetujui :
Dosen Pembimbing
(Dra. Karina A Sulaeman, MA)

Mengetahui :
Pembimbing Akademik Kepala Jurusan Sastra Inggris S-1

( Alia Afiyati, S.S, M.Pd ) ( Dr. Yoga Pratama M.Pd. )
APPENDIX II
TOIEC RESULT

APPENDIX III
PRESENTATION SLIDE

APPENDIX IV
SCHEME OF THE RESEARCH
TITLE OF RESEARCH
SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINST BLACK PEOPLE IN
STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A SLAVE”
EXTRINSIC
APPROACHES
INTRINSIC APPROACHES
PSYCHOLOGY
LITERATURE APPROACHES
SOSIOLOGY
APPROACHES
CHARACTERIZATION PLOT SETTING
1. SHOWING METHOD 1. EXPOSITION 1. AS BACKGROUND CONCEPTS

2. COMPLICATION FOR ACTION
A. THROUGH 1. RACIAL
3. CRISIS 2. AS ANTOGONIST
DIALOGUE DISCRIMINATIO
4. FALLING ACTION 3. AS A MEANS OF
B. THROUGH ACTION N
5. RESOLUTION CREATING 2. WHITE
2. TELLING METHOD APPROPRIATE SUPREMACY
ATMOSPHERE
A. THROUGH
4. AS A MEANS OF
APPERANCE
REVEALING
B. BY THE AUTHOR
CHARACTERS
5. AS A MEANS OF
REINFORCING
THEME
TITLE OF RESEARCH
SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINST BLACK PEOPLE IN
STEVE MCQUEEN'S MOVIE SCRIPT “12 YEARS A SLAVE”

APPENDIX V
POSTER OF THE RESEACRH
ADITIA PRATAMA SAPUTRA

2016130046
UNIVERSITAS DARMA PERSADA
METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

BACKGROUND This study activity is divided into three
In this study based on steve major parts, that is data collection, data
mcqueen’s movie script 12 years a processing, and reporting on research
slave. the movie script discusses results.
stories related to expressions of
RESEARCH FINDINGS
racial discrimination to racism. The
This researches can give us something that
story line shows the process or
we can learn in our lives. As suggestion, by
effort that explains theory of racial
understanding the literature and psychology
discrmination and white supremacy
that exist in this term paper easily, the reader
with Solomon Northup as the main
can see the theme of this research. This
character. This movie script shows
research is useful to enrich about racial
that white people has a power, and
discrimination and white supremacy.
black people always facing racism
from white people.
CONCLUSION
BENEFITS Concept of racial discrimination and white

supremacy are reflected in Solomon
This research is expected to be Northup character in the movie script 12
beneficial for students or researches years a slave. Racial discrimination and
whose are interested and explore white supremacy are supported and related
more deeply about Steve mcqueen’s to other characters, plot, and setting of the
movie script “12 years a slave” This story. It means the movie script 12 years a
study is expected to be useful slave reflects racial discrimination and whte
because it is done through a new
supremacy concept.
perspective by applying the
concepts of racial discrimination
and white supremacy
University Of Darma Persada | 65

APPENDIX VI
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA

Place/Date Of Birth : Jakarta/ 24th April 1998
Status/Sex : Single/Male
Height & Weight : 170 cm/67 kg
Religion :Islam
Address : Komplek Pu Sapta Taruna IV, Blok J No 30 RT 08
RW 07 Kecamatan Bantargebang Kelurahan
Sumurbatu Kota Bekasi
Contact Number : 081383244812
Nationality : Indonesian
mail : Aditiap493@gmail.com
FORMAL EDUCATION
2004 – 2010 : SDN Sumurbatu IV
2010 – 2013 : SMPN 27 Kota Bekasi
2013 – 2016 : SMAN 15 Kota Bekasi
2016 – 2021 : S1 of English Language and Culture Department

Universitas Darma Persada, Jakarta Timur
RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
2018 Literary Criticism “Multiculturalism In The Novel

No-No Boy by John Okada”
2018 Feminisme Pada Cerita pendek The Yellow
Wallpaper Karya Charlotte perkins Gilman
2019 Analysis of Seminar Literature “Oedipus Complex
Berujung Kematian” pada novel Mourning
Becomes Electra karya Eugene O’Neill

2019 History of American Literature The Last of His
Tribe by Henry Kendall
2019 American Culture Values “The Analysis of
American Values and Characters Trough Elizabeth
Cady Stanton Fight for Women’s Rights In 1848”
2019 Family Institution of Little Women by Louisa May

Alcott.
WORK EXPERIENCES
2019 : Field Collector at Home Credit Indonesia

2020 : English Teacher in English House Sumurbatu
ACHIEVEMENT
2010 : 3rd Place Swimming competion at Harapan indah

2012 : 3rd Place Swimming competion at Olimpic Aquatic
Cikarang
2014 : 2nd Place Swimming competion at 17 year old
group national championship
2014 : 2nd Place Swimming competion relay group at the
West Java porda event
ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCES
1. Staff of Ministry of Home Affairs Division of HIMASINDA (2017-2018)
2. Staff of Ministry of Home Affairs Division of BEM UNSADA (2018)
3. Head of Executive Student BEM UNSADA (2019-2020)

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SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINST

BLACK PEOPLE IN STEVE MCQUEEN'S

Aditia Pratama Saputra

STRATA ONE (S-1) OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

Submitted in part-fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining

Aditia Pratama Saputra

STRATA ONE (S-1) OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

Supervisor Signature Date

(Dra. Karina Adinda, MA) ……………………… 30 June 2021

Head of English Language Signature Date

Dr. Yoga Pratama, M.Pd. ……………………… 13 July 2021

(Alia Afiyati SS,M.Pd) ……………………… 6 July 2021

Name : Aditia Pratama Saputra

University Of Darma Persada |

Jakarta, 27 July 2021

(Aditia Pratama Saputra)

TEST FEASIBILITY VALIDATION

University Of Darma Persada |

Name : Aditia Pratama Saputra

has been approved by Advisor, Examiner, and Head Department of English

Head Board Of Examniners : ..............................................

University Of Darma Persada |

THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Ones of whom sit as follow

Head Board of Examiners : …………………………………..

Legally validated in Jakarta on 2021

Head Department of Dean of

Dr. Yoga Pratama, M.Pd. Dr. Eko Cahyono

University Of Darma Persada |

University Of Darma Persada |

Jakarta, 27 July 2021

Aditia Pratama Saputra

University Of Darma Persada |

Name : Aditia Pratama Saputra

Keywords:Characterization, movie script, Discrimination, Supremacy

University Of Darma Persada |

Nama : Aditia Pratama Saputra

Kata Kunci: Karakterisasi, Skrip film, Diskriminasi, Supremasi

University Of Darma Persada |

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATEMENT PAGE....................................ii

TEST FEASIBILITY VALIDATION................................................................iii

TERM PAPER VALIDATION...........................................................................iv

1.1. Background of the Problem....................................................................1

1.2. Identification of the Problem..................................................................2

1.3. Limitation of the Problem......................................................................2

1.4. Formulation of the Problem...................................................................2

1.5. Objective of the Research.......................................................................3

1.6. Method of the Research..........................................................................3

1.7. Benefit of the Research...........................................................................4

1.8. Systematic Organization of the Research.............................................4

2. CHAPTER 2 : FRAMEWORK OF THE THEORIES...........................4

3. CHAPTER 3: 12 YEARS A SLAVE MOVIE SCRIPT THROUGH

4. CHAPTER 4 : SLAVERY CAUSED BY RACISM AGAINTS BLACK

CHAPTER II FRAMEWORK OF THEORIES................................................7

2.1. Intrinsic Approaches...................................................................................7

University Of Darma Persada |

2.1.1.1. Telling Method...................................................................................8

2.1.1.2. Showing Method................................................................................9

2.1.1.2.1. Characterization Through the Dialogue.......................................9

2.1.2.4. Falling Action...................................................................................11

2.1.3.1 Setting as Background of Action.....................................................12

2.1.3.2 Setting as Antagonist........................................................................12

2.1.3.3 Setting as Means of Creating Appropriate Atmosphere...............12

2.1.3.4 Setting as a Means of Revealing Character....................................12