ASSIGNMENT NO :03

DEVICE MODELLING LAB

NAME: SITA KARRI
ENROLLMENT NO/ROLL NO : BT20ECE053
DATE OF SUBMISSION :29/01/2023
QUESTION1. Simulate the Common-Base (CB) Amplifier using NGSPICE?
(a) Find the gain using the plot?
(b) Do the ac analysis for the above question and find out the mid-band gain?
Use junction Capacitances using. model statement
▪ B-E depletion capacitance- C
▪ B-C depletion capacitance- C
▪ collector-substrate capacitance- C
and C= {50+(roll no)/10} pF

THEORY
In common base configuration, the base terminal is a common point to both input and
output signals.The common base configuration is less commonly used as an amplifier than
compared to the more popular common emitter or common collector configurations but is
still used due to its unique input/output characteristics.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF COMMON BASE AMPLIFIER

CODE
For computing gain using plot;
COMMON BASE AMPLIFIER
.model QMOD npn level=2 CJE=55.3pF CJC=55.3pF CJS=55.3pF
v1 6 0 dc 20
v2 7 0 sin(0 10mV 1Khz)
Q1 1 2 3 QMOD
R1 6 1 500
R2 6 2 1k
R3 2 0 100
R4 3 0 100
R5 4 7 50
R6 5 0 200k
C1 2 0 10u
C2 3 4 10u
C3 1 5 10u
v1 6 0 dc 20
v2 7 0 sin(0 10mV 1Khz)
Q1 1 2 3 QMOD
R1 6 1 500
R2 6 2 1k
R3 2 0 100
R4 3 0 100
R5 4 7 50
R6 5 0 200k
C1 2 0 10u
C2 3 4 10u
C3 1 5 10u
.measure tran Ie RMS @R4[i] from=0ms to=10ms
.measure tran Ic RMS @R1[i] from=0ms to=10ms
.tran 10us 10ms
.control
run
.options savecurrents
plot v(7)
plot v(5) y∆ 20m
.endc
.end
OUTPUT
INPUT WAVEFORM;

OUTPUT WAVEFORM;
PRACTICAL VALUES FROM NGSPICE:

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

CALCULATIONS BASED ON THE RESULTS IN NGSPICE

CODE
For computing mid-band gain;
.model QMOD npn level=2 CJE=55.3pF CJC=55.3pF CJS=55.3pF
6 0 dc 20
v2 7 0 dc 0 ac 1 sin(0 10mV 1Khz)
Q1 1 2 3 QMOD
R1 6 1 500
R2 6 2 1k
R3 2 0 100
R4 3 0 100
R5 4 7 50
R6 5 0 200k
C1 2 0 10u
C2 3 4 10u
C3 1 5 10u
v1 6 0 dc 20
v2 7 0 dc 0 ac 1 sin(0 10mV 1Khz)
Q1 1 2 3 QMOD
R1 6 1 500
R2 6 2 1k
R3 2 0 100
R4 3 0 100
R5 4 7 50
R6 5 0 200k
C1 2 0 10u
C2 3 4 10u
C3 1 5 10u
.model QMOD npn level=2 CJE=57.8pF CJC=57.8pF CJS=57.8pF
.ac dec 10 10 1G
.control
run
plot V(5)/V(7) xlog
.endc
.end

OUTPUT

CONCLUSION
Here common base amplifier is simulated.Input and output waveforms are also plotted
and gain is calculated using these plots,obtained voltage gain is 27.04dB. And the ac analysis
of the common base amplifier is also done, from gain and frequency graph we obtained mid-
band gain as 29.3dB.
QUESTION2. Simulate the 3-input NOR Gate of RTL Logic (Resistor-Transistor
Logic) using NGSPICE?

THEORY
Resistor-Transistor Logic(RTL) is a type of digital circuit which are constructed using
resistors as inputs and BJTs(Bipolar Junction Transistors) as switching diodes.The primary
advantage of RTL circuits is that they are simple as it contains minimum number of
transistors.The disadvantage is that when the transistor is switched on, the power dissipation
increases as the current flows through base and collector. Also, the RTL gate has poor noise
margin, poor fan-out and the propagation delay is more.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR 3-INPUT NOR GATE OF RTL LOGIC

CODE
3-INPUT NOR GATE OF RTL LOGIC
.model qmod npn level=4
Va 5 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 10ms 30ms)
Vb 6 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 20ms 45ms)
Vc 7 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 30ms 60ms)
V 8 0 dc 5v
R1 5 1 2k
R2 6 3 2k
R3 7 4 2k
Rc 8 2 5k
qa 2 1 0 qmod
qb 2 3 0 qmod
qc 2 4 0 qmod
Va 5 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 10ms 30ms)
Vb 6 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 20ms 45ms)
Vc 7 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 30ms 60ms)
V 8 0 dc 5v
R1 5 1 2k
R2 6 3 2k
R3 7 4 2k
R4 8 2 5k
q1 2 1 0 qmod
q2 2 3 0 qmod
q3 2 4 0 qmod
.tran 10u 160m
.control
run
Set Xbrushwidth=5
plot V(7)+10 V(6)+20 V(5)+30
plot V(2)
.endc
.end

OUTPUT
INPUT WAVEFORMS;

OUTPUT WAVEFORMS;
TRUTH TABLE:
A B C (A+B+C)’
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

CONCLUSION
From the output waveform, we observe that 3-input NOR gate is implemented
using resistors and transistors as components of the circuit(Resistor-Transistor Logic
circuit).The output in the output signal according to different inputs is obtained and it is
correct as it is same as the NOR gate truth table pasted above.The circuit is simulated and the
output and obtained and truth table are pasted.
QUESTION3. Simulate the 3-input NOR Gate of DTL Logic (Diode-Transistor
Logic) using NGSPICE?

THEORY
Diode transistor logic(DTL) belongs to the digital logic family. This logic circuit has
diodes at the input side and transistor at the output side and so the name diode transistor
logic. It has more advantages than resistor transistor logic(RTL).The Diode Transistor Logic
has improved noise margin, greater fan-out. However, the propagation delay is more for this
device, when compared to Transistor-transistor logic(TTL). But the speed is better than RTL.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR 3-INPUT NOR GATE OF DTL LOGIC

CODE
3-INPUT NOR GATE OF DTL LOGIC
.model diode D
.model qmod npn level=4
Va 1 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 10ms 30ms)
Vb 2 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 20ms 45ms)
Vc 3 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 30ms 60ms)
V1 7 0 dc 5v
R2 4 5 2k
R1 7 6 2k
Da 1 4 diode
Db 2 4 diode
Dc 3 4 diode
Va 1 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 10ms 30ms)
Vb 2 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 20ms 45ms)
Vc 3 0 pulse(0 5v 0 0 0 30ms 60ms)
V1 7 0 dc 5v
R2 4 5 2k
R1 7 6 2k
Da 1 4 diode
Db 2 4 diode
Dc 3 4 diode
q1 6 5 0 qmod
.tran 10u 160m
.control
run
Set Xbrushwidth=5
plot V(3)+10 V(2)+20 V(1)+30
plot V(6)
.endc
.end

OUTPUT
INPUT WAVEFORM;

OUTPUT WAVEFORM;
TRUTH TABLE:
A B C (A+B+C)’
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

CONCLUSION
From the output waveform, we observe that 3-input NOR gate is implemented
using diodes and transistor as components of the circuit(Diode-Transistor Logic circuit).The
output in the output signal according to different inputs is obtained and it is correct as it is
same as the NOR gate truth table pasted above.The circuit is simulated and the output and
obtained and truth table are pasted.
OBSERVATIONS FROM QUESTION2 AND QUESTION3:
❖ In RTL circuits resistors and transistors are used for logic gates.The input component is
resitor and the output component is transistor.
❖ In DTL circuits transistors and P-N junction diodes are used for logic gates.The input
components are diodes and the output components are transistors.
❖ Operation of DTL circuit is complex compared to RTL circuits.
❖ Transistors required build logic circuit are minimum in case of RTL circuits.
❖ Response time of DTL circuits is better than RTL circuits.