MASS CONVECTION

MASS
CONVECTION

MASS DIFFUSION
 ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND
MASS TRANSFER

At the low rate mass transfer regime, a close analogy exists between
convective heat and convective mass transfer

Heat convection is the mode of energy Mass convection is the mass

transfer between one body or region and transfer mechanism between a
another by fluids motion that involves surface and a moving fluid that
both heat conduction and bulk heat involves both mass diffusion and
motion. bulk fluid motion.
 ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND
MASS TRANSFER

Now we consider mass convection (or convective mass transfer), which is the
transfer of mass between a surface and a moving fluid due to both mass diffusion
and bulk fluid motion.
The analogy between heat and mass convection holds for both forced and natural
convection, laminar and turbulent flow, and internal and external flow.
Mass convection is also complicated because of the complications associated with
fluid flow such as the surface geometry, flow regime, flow velocity, and the variation
of the fluid properties and composition.
 MASS CONVECTION
MASS
CONVECTION
LOW MASS
TRANSFER RATE
When the difference concentration
between the interface and bulk flow
is small and therefore net mass
transfer across a phase interface is
low
Thin film condensed process,
extraction, membrane adsorption . .
HIGH MASS
TRANSFER RATE
High mass transfer rate appears when
the difference concentration between
the interface and bulk flow is large
enough and therefore there is
convective flow across a phase
interface
Distillation, evaporation in boiler…
 Considering the transmission of water to a air flow

LOW MASS HIGH MASS

TRANSFER RATE TRANSFER RATE

At 50°C
At 100°C
There is a diffusive
There is a convective
steam flow across the
steam flow across the
interface
interface
The mass fraction of
The mass fraction of water
water vapor at water
at water interface
interface
mH2O = 0.077; mH2O,e ≈ 0
mH2O =1; mH2O,e ≈ 0
mH2O=mH2O,s–mH2O,e<<1
mH2O= mH2O,s – mH2O,e ≈1
 Mass Transfer – Film Model

Mass transfer of oxygen between gas and liquid phase

1-The 3 - The
transfer of transfer of
oxygen from oxygen from
the bulk air the interface
to the surface of
interface gas-water to
surface of the bulk
gas-water water

2 - The transfer of oxygen across the interface

 Mass Transfer – Film Model

Whitman (1923) first proposed a "two-resistance theory"

1- Resistance 2 - Resistance
of diffusion of diffusion of
of oxygen oxygen from
from the bulk the interface
air to the surface of gas-
interface water to the
surface of bulk water
gas-water

The transfer of oxygen across the interface

without encountering resistance
Individual Mass transfer Coefficient
 ANALOGY BETWEEN HEAT AND
MASS TRANSFER

Convective heat transfer rate Convective mass transfer rate

 Mass Convection of A thru Stagnant
B in a Binary System

A binary system includes species A and B in reciprocating motion

In the case species B dissolve A but species A can not dissolve B or total
molar diffusion of B equal to 0.

A transfers through stagnant B

NB=0; NA0

In the case B is a gas

 Mass Convection of A thru Stagnant
B in a Binary System

In the case B is a liquid

In the case evaporation from a free liquid surface

or sublimation of a flat surface
 Class problem

1 μP = 1.0 × 10-7 N·s/m²

Solution:
Individual Mass transfer Coefficient
 Overall Mass transfer Coefficient

Since the concentration of oxygen at the interface is very difficult

to determine

It is therefore convenient to define overall mass transfer coefficients based on an

overall driving force between the bulk compositions.
 Overall Mass transfer Coefficient

+ If the gas is very soluble in the liquid, such as ammonia in water, then the
value of m is very small.
KG kG.
The principal resistance to mass transfer lies in the gas phase - Gas phase
controlled system

+ If the gas is rather insoluble in the liquid, such as oxygen or nitrogen in

water, then m is large.
KL kL
The principal resistance to mass transfer lies in the liquid phase - Liquid
phase controlled system
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