KRISSELYN REIGNE H.

MORALES | BS ACCOUNTANCY 2-1 | ECON21-FINALS 1ST

SENESTER | A.Y. 2023-2024 | PROF. SHERYN NUESTRO

1. Research and give one example of PPPs in the country. What industry does it
belong to? Do both the government and the private sector benefit? Explain. (20
points)

A government service or private company venture that is funded, constructed, and run
in conjunction with the private sector is referred to as a public-private partnership (PPP). The
government provides in-kind contributions to PPP projects to attract private investors. These
include giving out capital subsidies, providing revenue subsidies (such as tax breaks),
ensuring annual income for a predetermined amount of time, and transferring current assets.
The private entity undertakes a project or provides a public service while taking on major
operational, technical, and financial risks.

As of 2024, one of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects that is still ongoing is
the Cavite-Laguna Expressway, also known as CALAX. This public-private partnership
project, CALAX is being implemented by the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) with private support from MPCALA Holdings Inc., a Metro Pacific Tollways
Corporation (MPTC) subsidiary. This project belongs to the transportation and infrastructure
industry and contributes to infrastructure development in the country. Development like this
remains critical for our country's ability to restore and sustain robust economic growth,
enhance people's social standards of living, and remove barriers to international investment
and commerce. The current administration recognizes Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a
method of allocating funds for adequate road infrastructure.

The CALAX project aimed to support national development plans and alleviate traffic
congestion, particularly on Governor's Drive, the Aguinaldo Highway, and Sta. Lucia, by
providing efficient transportation for the ecozones of Cavite and Laguna. Rosa-Tagaytay
Road is severely congested, increasing Region IV-A/CALABARZON's allure as an
investment destination. Not only will this project assist the general public, but its government
and business sector implementers will undoubtedly earn rewards and advantages.

PPP initiatives give the government access to funds, resources, and experience from
the private sector, which aids in the construction of vital infrastructure. PPPs also frequently
enable the government to defer the immediate pressure on public finances by extending the
KRISSELYN REIGNE H. MORALES | BS ACCOUNTANCY 2-1 | ECON21-FINALS 1ST
SENESTER | A.Y. 2023-2024 | PROF. SHERYN NUESTRO

timeframe over which it must pay for major infrastructure projects. Furthermore, some
project risks, such those related to construction and operations, are frequently assumed by the
private sector, shielding the government from any delays and cost overruns. The private
sector's involvement can result in better project execution and operational efficiency as well
as higher service quality. In exchange, CALAX and other infrastructure initiatives can
enhance local economies and create jobs by stimulating economic activity.

Just as much as the government may gain from PPP, so can the private sector. They
profit from the tolls, fees, and other infrastructure-related money streams that PPP generates.
Either through improved business opportunities in linked sectors or direct income from the
project, successful PPP projects also give private investors a return on their investment.
During the concession period, the private sector receives a steady and predictable revenue
stream from these projects, which frequently involve long-term agreements. Even though
private businesses assume some project risks, they frequently possess the know-how to
successfully manage these risks, improving overall risk. In addition, the engagement of the
private sector can provide creativity and efficiency to the planning, building, and operation of
the project, which could result in a more economical completion.

It's crucial to remember that efficient cooperation, risk-sharing procedures, and a

well-designed contractual framework that unites the interests of the public and private sectors
are all necessary for a PPP project to succeed. Furthermore, depending on the particular terms
and conditions of each PPP deal, the benefits could change.
KRISSELYN REIGNE H. MORALES | BS ACCOUNTANCY 2-1 | ECON21-FINALS 1ST
SENESTER | A.Y. 2023-2024 | PROF. SHERYN NUESTRO

2. What are the 17 SDG goals? (10 points)

1. No poverty
2. Zero hunger
3. Good health and well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender equality
6. Clean water and sanitation
7. Affordable and clean energy
8. Decent work and economic growth
9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
10. Reduced inequalities
11. Sustainable cities and economies
12. Responsible consumption and production
13. Climate action
14. Life below water
15. Life on land
16. Peace, justice and strong institutions
17. Partnership for the goals
KRISSELYN REIGNE H. MORALES | BS ACCOUNTANCY 2-1 | ECON21-FINALS 1ST
SENESTER | A.Y. 2023-2024 | PROF. SHERYN NUESTRO

3. Based on your own observation, which SDGs is being followed by your community?
(10 points)

In our community of Alulod, Indang, Cavite, there is a noteworthy emphasis on fostering

quality education, particularly in public schools. The dedicated barangay officials are actively
channeling resources, including funds, materials, infrastructure, and school supplies, to
ensure that education is not a privilege but a right accessible to every child. The focus on
Quality Education aligns with the 4 th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically
emphasizing the critical role education plays in shaping the future.

The commitment to providing free access to education reflects a deep understanding that
education serves as the foundation for achieving various SDGs. It is widely recognized that
education is the key to unlocking opportunities, empowering individuals, and driving positive
change in society. By investing in the educational development of children in Alulod, the
community is not only ensuring equal opportunities but also nurturing the future leaders and
contributors to the nation.

The belief that education is the key is not merely a cliché but a timeless truth. Quality
Education serves as a catalyst, not only for personal growth but also for addressing broader
societal challenges. It is the cornerstone upon which the attainment of the other 16 SDGs
depends. Recognizing children as the hope of the future, the community's commitment to
providing them with a solid educational foundation is an investment in the overall well-being
and progress of society.

As we applaud the community's current efforts in championing Quality Education, the

hope is that this commitment continues to be sustained. Ongoing financial support and
continuous improvement in educational facilities and resources will further enhance the
impact, ensuring that each child in Alulod receives the education they deserve, ultimately
contributing to a more sustainable and prosperous future for the entire community and
beyond.