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MWD Manual
MWD Manual
INDUCTION MANUAL
Issue/Revision : JIN-DD-MWD.IND.MANUAL-01
Compiled By Reviewed By
Kamlesh Unadkat / Vaishali Sali Umesh Thakur / Satish Jawanjal
Base Coordinator GM (Directional Drilling)
Approved By
Dr. I N Chatterjee
Director
3. Directional Drilling 21
3.1 Applications of Directional Drilling 21
3.1.1 Sidetracking 21
3.1.2 Inaccessible Locations 21
3.1.3 Salt Dome Drilling 22
3.1.4 Offshore Multiwell Drilling 23
3.2 Types of Directional Wells 23
3.2.1 “L” profile (Build and Hold) 24
3.2.2 “S” Type Well 24
3.2.3 “J” Type Well 25
3.2.4 Horizontal Well 25
3.3 Geometry of A Directional well 25
6. MWD 46
6.1 Introduction 46
6.2 What Is MWD? 46
6.3 Mud Pulse Telemetry 46
6.4 MWD Principles 48
6.4.1 Positive Mud Pulse Telemetry 48
6.4.2 Negative Mud Pulse Telemetry 48
6.4.3 Continuous Wave Telemetry 48
6.4.4 Electromagnetic Telemetry 48
8. QMWD-SAP System 84
8.1 System Description 84
8.2 Toolface Offset Procedures 87
8.3 Summary of the Features Of Qmwd V 01.30 90
8.4 Summary of Features of Qmwdpc V 01.20 92
8.5 Summary of New Features in Qmwd V02.02 95
This is the official “Jindal Drilling MWD Training Guide.” This manual is designed
to help novice and seasoned oilfield worker make the transition into becoming an
MWD Engineer specializing in the use of probe based positive pulse telemetry
MWD system.
This manual is intended to be used with your in-field training to give you the best
possible chance for success.
The only dumb question is the one you didn‟t ask and should have. By not asking
a question you may inadvertently miss an important point that could cause
trouble in field and cost thousands of dollars.
Guide to Safety
You must take adequate precautions before you start working on any operations.
A health and safety introduction will be conducted before you can go to any rig
sites.
You‟ll be shown current handling and cleaning methods for all equipment that
your job requires you to use.
The uniform should be clean and in good repair when you go to a job site.
You should look professional when at any jobsite.
For safety reasons your hair must be cut short. If you have longer hair it must be
tied back or put in a pony tail and you should come clean shaven for work.
The MWD Engineer must know how a rig operates as the rig operations
affect the working of the MWD tool. In this knowing the BHA( bottom hole
assembly) in hole is a must.
An MWD Engineer must know how the different components of an MWD
string operate and how they contribute to drilling.
An MWD Engineer must reduce the problems and downtime.
An MWD Engineer must always remember that they are representing their
company in front of the client hence proper behavior is expected of the
operator always in their shift.
Over the years, the organisms decayed in the sedimentary layers. In these
layers, there was little or no oxygen present so microorganisms broke the
remains into carbon-rich compounds that formed organic layers which formed
the source rock. As new sedimentary layers were deposited, they exerted intense
pressure and heat on the source rock. The heat and pressure distilled the
organic material into crude oil and natural gas. The oil flowed from the source
rock and accumulated in thicker, more porous limestone or sandstone,
called reservoir rock. Oil and natural gas in the reservoir rocks got trapped
between layers of impermeable rock, or cap rock.
Structural traps
Folds - Horizontal movements press inward and move the rock layers upward
into a fold.
Faults - The layers of rock crack, and one side shifts upward or downward.
Stratigraphic traps
Compressed-air gun - shoots pulses of air into the water (for exploration
over water)
Thumper truck - slams heavy plates into the ground (for exploration over
land)
Explosives - detonated after being drilled into the ground (for exploration
over land) or thrown overboard (for exploration over water)
The shock waves travel beneath the surface of the Earth and are reflected back
by the various rock layers. The reflections travel at different speeds depending
upon the type or density of rock layers through which they must pass. Sensitive
microphones or vibration detectors detect the reflections of the shock waves --
hydrophones over water, seismometers over land. Seismologists interpret the
readings for signs of oil and gas traps.
Once geologists find a prospective oil strike, they mark the location
using GPS coordinates on land or by marker buoys on water.
Once the site has been selected, scientists survey the area to determine its
boundaries, and conduct environmental impact studies if necessary. The oil
company may need lease agreements, titles and right-of way accesses before
drilling the land. For off-shore sites, legal jurisdiction must be determined.After
the legal issues are settled, the crew goes about preparing the land:
1. The land must be cleared and leveled, and access roads may be built.
2. Because water is used in drilling, there must be a source of water nearby.
If there is no natural source, the crew drills a water well.
3. The crew digs a reserve pit, which is used to dispose of rock cuttings and
drilling mud during the drilling process, and lines it with plastic to protect
the environment. If the site is an ecologically sensitive area, such as a
marsh or wilderness, then the cuttings and mud must be disposed of
offsite -- trucked away instead of placed in a pit.
Once the land has been prepared, the crew digs several holes to make way for
the rig and the main hole. A rectangular pit called a cellar is dug around the
location of the actual drilling hole. The cellar provides a work space around the
hole for the workers and drilling accessories. The crew then begins drilling the
main hole, often with a small drill truck rather than the main rig. The first part of
the hole is larger and shallower than the main portion, and is lined with a large-
diameter conductor pipe. The crew digs additional holes off to the side to
temporarily store equipment -- when these holes are finished, the rig equipment
can be brought in and set up.
Depending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, it may be
necessary to bring in equipment by truck, helicopter or barge. Some rigs are built
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on ships or barges for work on inland water where there is no foundation to
support a rig (as in marshes or lakes).
In the next section, we'll look at the major systems of an oil rig.
PARTS OF A RIG
No diagram can ever explain a drilling rig completely unless you don‟t see
one for yourself but in trying to familiarize you with the different parts here is a rig
schematic.
a) Power system
Large diesel engines - burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of
power
Electrical generators - powered by the diesel engines to provide
electrical power
b) Mechanical system - driven by electric motors
Derrick - support structure that holds the drilling apparatus; tall enough to
allow new sections of drill pipe to be added to the drilling apparatus as
drilling progresses
The mud pump is like the heart of the rig whereas the mud is like the blood that
flow through the system. Pumps drilling mud (mixture of water, clay, weighting
material and chemicals, used to lift rock cuttings from the drill bit to the surface)
under pressure through the kelly, rotary table, drill pipes and drill collars A
diagrammatic representation of the circulatory system is:
Fig : BOP
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2.5 Testing For Oil
Drilling continues in stages: The crew drills, then runs and cements new casings,
then drills again. When the rock cuttings from the mud reveal the oil sand from
the reservoir rock, the crew may have reached the well's final depth. At this point,
crew members remove the drilling apparatus from the hole and perform several
tests to confirm this finding:
Wire line logging – lowering nuclear, density, sonic and various other
tools to take measurements of the rock formations there
Drill-stem testing - lowering a device into the hole to measure the
pressures, which will reveal whether reservoir rock has been reached
Core samples - taking samples of rock to look for characteristics of
reservoir rock
On confirming the presence of oil the major steps involved in oil production are:
a) Perforation: A perforating gun into the well to the production depth. The
gun has explosive charges to create holes in the casing through which oil
can flow. a) After the casing has been perforated, they run a small-
diameter pipe (tubing) into the hole as a conduit for oil and gas to flow up
through the well. A device called a packer is run down the outside of the
tubing. When the packer is set at the production level, it's expanded to
form a seal around the outside of the tubing. Finally, they connect a multi-
valve structure called a Christmas tree to the top of the tubing and cement
it to the top of the casing. The Christmas tree allows them to control the
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flow of oil from the well. After the well is completed, the crew must start
the flow of oil into the well. For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped
down the well and out the perforations. The acid dissolves channels in the
limestone that lead oil into the well.
3.1.3 Salt Dome Drilling: Salt domes have been found to be natural traps of oil
accumulating in strata beneath the overhanging hard cap. There are severe
drilling problems associated with drilling a well through salt formations. These
can be somewhat alleviated by using a salt-saturated mud. Another solution is to
drill a directional well to reach the reservoir (Figure 1-3), thus avoiding the
problem of drilling through the salt.
True vertical depth (TVD) is expressed as the vertical distance below RKB.
Measured depth (MD) The distance measured along the actual course of the bore
hole from the surface reference point to the survey point.
Departure / drift is the distance between two survey points as projected onto the
horizontal plane.
The EOB specification also contains another important requirement, which is the
angle and direction of the well at that point. The correct angle and direction are
critical in allowing the next target to be achieved; also, it may be necessary to
penetrate the pay zone at some optimum angle for production purposes.
A tangent/hold section is shown after the build section. The purpose of the
tangent is to maintain angle and direction until the next target is reached.
In the example well, a drop section is shown at the end of the tangent. The
purpose of a drop is usually to place the wellbore in the reservoir in the optimum
orientation with respect to formation permeability or in-situ formation stress;
alternatively, a horizontal extension may be the preferred orientation in the case
of a pay zone that contains multiple vertical fractures or that has potential for gas
or water coning.
Directional wells are drilled with specialized equipments which are placed in the
Bottom Hole Assembly. There are many specialized equipments which are used
to drill directional wells. Some of the combinations of the specialized directional
equipments are:
1. Steerable Downhole Mud Motor (SDMM) & Measurement While Drilling
(MWD).
2. Whipstock & MWD.
3. Jetting & MWD.
In all these combinations the former refers to directional equipment which
actually deviates the well from the vertical. The latter refers to a measurement
system which detects the change in orientation of the well caused due to the
former. Earlier a magnetic single shot or multiple shot was used to determine the
direction and orientation of the well. However a MWD system has completely
replaced the magnetic single or multiple shot as it gives readings in real time.
Largely, a combination of SDMM and MWD system is used in the drilling
industry.
SAMPLE BHA
HWDP
DRILL
COLLAR
NMDC (x 2)
UBHO
FLOAT
SUB
MUD
MOTOR
BIT
Motor Selection
• These are the three common motor configurations which provide a broad range
of bit speeds and torque outputs required satisfying a multitude of drilling
applications.
• High Speed / Low Torque - 1:2 Lobe
• Medium Speed / Medium Torque – 4:5 Lobe
• Low Speed / High Torque – 7:8 Lobe
High Speed / Low Torque (1:2) motor typically used when:
• Drilling with diamond bits.
• Drilling with tri-cone bits in soft formations.
• Directional drilling using single shot orientations.
• Medium Speed / Medium Torque (4:5) motor typically used for:
• Conventional and directional drilling
• Diamond bit and coring applications
• Sidetracking wells
Low Speed / High Torque (7:8) motor typically used for:
• Most directional and horizontal wells.
• Medium to hard formation drilling.
• PDC bit drilling applications
Components of PDM Motors
• Dump Sub Assembly
• Power Section
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• Drive Assembly
• Adjustable Assembly
• Sealed Bearing Section
Dump Sub Assembly
• Hydraulically actuated valve located at the top of the drilling motor
• Allows the drill string to fill when running in hole.
• Drain when tripping out of hole
• When the pumps are engaged, the valve automatically closes and directs
all drilling fluid flow through the motor.
Dump Sub
• Allows Drill String Filling and Draining
• Operation
- Pump Off - Open
- Pump On - Closed
• Discharge Plugs
• Connections
Power Section
• Converts hydraulic power from the drilling fluid into mechanical power to drive
the bit
• Stator – steel tube containing a bonded elastomer insert with a lobed, helical
pattern bore through the center.
• Rotor – lobed, helical steel rod
• When drilling fluid is forced through the power section, the pressure drop across
the cavities will cause the rotor to turn inside the stator.
• Pattern of the lobes and the length of the helix dictate the output characteristics
• Stator always has one more lobe than the rotor.
• Stage – one full helical rotation of the lobed stator.
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• With more stages, the power section is capable of greater differential pressure,
which in turn provides more torque to the rotor.
The stator elastomer can be made of different materials, such as NBR, HNBR,
EPDM etc. The elastomer is chosen considering the type of operation involved.
For higher temperature and pressure conditions, where oil based mud is used;
better elastomers such as HNBR is used.
Drive
Sealed Bearing
Assembly
Section
Drive Assembly
• Converts Eccentric Rotor Rotation into Concentric Rotation– Universal Joint
Adjustable Assembly
• Can be set from zero to three degrees
• Field adjustable in varying increments to the maximum bend angle
• Provides a wide range of potential build rates in directional and horizontal wells
Sealed Bearing Section
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• Transmits axial and radial loads from the bit to the drillstring
• Thrust Bearing • Radial Bearing
• Oil Reservoir • Balanced Piston
• High Pressure Seal •Bit Box Connection
Operation modes
Rotating mode- In this mode the entire drill string is rotated with the help of rotary
table. The drill bit is rotating due to the combined action of mud motor and the
rotary table speed.
Sliding mode- In this mode the entire drill string is not rotated. The drill bit is only
rotating due to the mud motor. The bend of the mud motor is made to face in a
specified direction or angle. Drilling carried out in this way is called sliding.
4.3.3 Float Sub
Fig. UBHO
UBHO‟s are also called mule shoe subs as they house the mule shoe.
The muleshoe is inserted for the alignment of the MWD string. At the
bottom of the MWD tool is a cut with mates with the landing key in the
muleshoe. The key helps in orienting the MWD string with the bent in the
mud motor.
Fig. NMDC
NMDCs house the MWD tool. Usually 2 non magnetic drill collars are used
in the BHA in order to reduce the magnetic interference between the
earths magnetic field and the magnetic field from the other magnetic
components in the drill.string. NMDC‟s are made up of stainless steel.
4.3.6 Heavy Weight Drill Pipes
4.3.9 Crossovers
Drill pipe, drill collar and other specialized drill string items do not have
standardized threads. In order to assemble two drill string elements having
different connections a cross over is used.
Types of cross overs:
A) Box by box
B) Box by pin
C) Pin by pin
Geographic North or True North is one end of the line drawn through the center
of the earth‟s rotational axis. Magnetic North is one end of the line drawn
through the center of the earth‟s magnetic field. The lines lie near each other but
they are not aligned. They diverge and provide two different points of reference.
The outer core of the earth contains iron, nickel and cobalt and is ferromagnetic
so the earth can be imagined as having a large bar magnet at its center, lying
(almost) along the north-south spin axis. The magnetic field lines emerging from
the magnetic North are parallel to the surface of the Earth at the equator and
point steeply at the poles.
at the standpipe.
6.5.2 Centralizer
Sensors
A) Temperature
Our tool works efficiently within the range 0- 150 degree Celsius hence it is
important that the DnI module houses a temperature sensor. The temperature
sensor is activated earlier than the accelerometers and magnetometers are.
B) Accelerometer
Accelerometers are used to measure the earth‟s local gravitational field.
Each accelerometer consists of a magnetic mass (pendulum) suspended in an
electromagnetic field. Gravity deflects the mass from its null position. Sufficient
The Gamma tool can be easily identified in the string as it is the shortest
component of the string.
The Pulsar driver can be identified easily in the MWD string as it has screen
housing at the down hole end. The pulsar driver system possessed by Jindal has
a BL 3 phase DC motor which is controlled by the Electronic module through the
electrical pin connections present in the various MWD tool components. The up
hole connections of pulsar driver system have 6 pin male connection. The down
hole end is connected to the stringer assembly.
The pulsar driver is divided into 3 major sections
The different components used to assemble the stringer assembly are shown in
the diagram below.
The components of the stringer assembly are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 10, polypack and
servo orifice.
The piston shaft is hollow and on top of the shaft is fixed lower piston cap, poly
pack, upper piston cap and servo orifice in sequence. This assembly is then
placed inside the helix/stinger. This combination is then screwed in the
planum/stringer barrel which has a spring inside. A poppet is now attached to the
end of the stringer shaft. Our stringer assembly is now prepared. The stringer
assembly is attached to the downhole end of the pulsar driver.
The outer diameter of our tool is 1.88” hence in the case of a stuck up it is
possible for us to retrieve the MWD string with the help of equipments above.
There are two types of assembly for tool retrieval depending upon the
angle of the well. Well the angle of inclination is less than 45 degrees we
use a overshot, sinker bar and cross over.
For angles more than 45 degrees we use a spring jar which provides
flexibility to the assembly.
The selection of overshot bell is integral and the difefernt sizes of overshot
bells are 1.75”, 2” and 2.25”
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The assembly is run along with the CCL (casing collar locator) tool of the
wireline unit.
Go down with the wireline unit while monitoring tension and depth.
One it has reached the bottom, rather found the tool, move up and down
while monitoring the tension.
6.11 TOOLFACE
The angle at which the steering tool is pointed is termed as the toolface.
Fig. Toolface
Toolfaces are used to change the hole direction. The low angles the
accelerometers are not as accurate as the magnetometers so low angle toolface
are based on magnetic readings. Using magnetic toolfaces means pointing the
steering tool in the direction of the target.
6.16 Reliability
Reliability is the probability of a product performing without failure, a
specified function under given conditions for a given period of time. A unit of
measure is Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF). In this respect, the reliability
standard is expressed as follows:
GE Power Systems supplies this manual for information and insight to our
clients on safe handling and transportation of Lithium battery products. This
manual contains information supplied by battery and battery pack manufacturers
and suppliers. The information contained within is easily obtained via the Internet
or by contacting the Battery Suppliers listed in the front of the manual.
http://www.spectrumbatteries.com/supp2.htm
http://www.spectrumbatteries.com/Prod_in/chart.htm
http://www.batteryeng.com/safety.htm
http://www.spectrumbatteries.com/Prod_in/passivation_information.htm
http://www.batteryeng.com/func_perf.htm
3. Hazard Consideration
Lithium battery storage areas should be clearly marked and provided with
“Lith-X” fire extinguishing material. Batteries might burst if subjected to excessive
heating. In case of fire, only “Lith-X” fire extinguisher should be used, as water
will cause exposed lithium to ignite. Signs should clearly state – WATER IS NOT
TO BE USED IN CASE OF FIRE.
LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY MANUAL
The following paragraphs will discuss the safe handling of Lithium Thionyl
Chloride (LTC) batteries under the abnormal hazardous conditions of:
1. Leaking or venting batteries,
2. Hot batteries,
3. Exploding batteries,
4. Lithium fires.
Personnel Protective Equipment Required:
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Safety Glasses, Rubber Gloves, Helmet with full face shield, Flak Jacket
with gloves, Riot Shield, Respirator with canisters for Acid Gases or full-
face respirator with acid gas cartridges.
Other Equipment Required:
Infrared Temperature Probe, Sodium Carbonate (Soda Lime) or Sodium
Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), Vermiculite, Fire Extinguisher containing Lith-
X Graphite powder, extended Non-conductive pliers or tongs, Thermal
resistant gloves (welding gloves).
STORAGE
Batteries should be stored in their original containers. Store batteries in a
well ventilated, cool, dry area. Store batteries in an isolated area, away from
combustible materials. Never stack heavy objects on top of boxes containing
lithium batteries to preclude crushing or puncturing the case.
NOTE: A hot-work permit must be obtained before dumping data from the
PWR tool.
The hydraulic sensor type is connected to the hydraulic input of the weight
indicator on the rig floor. The hydraulic sensor is a 4-20 mA output device
with a range of 2,000 psi. The tension meter type, called a hook load
sensor, is connected to the drill line on the dead line anchor.
Both sensors detect whether the entire drill string or just the Kelly or top
drive is
o attached to the traveling block. Hook load sensors allow the system
measure
o Weight On Bit (WOB). Either type of hook load sensor may be used
in a
o hazardous area.
The Geolograph encoder tracks movement of the Geolograph line, which
moves up and down with the traveling block. Movement of the Geolograph
line is quated to measured depth. Output of the encoder is a 2-line,
quadrature-phased electrical
o signal, which allows the system to measure the amount and
direction of block
o travel.
Geolograph encoders are used in the hazardous area. However, the
preferred method for measuring depth is to place an encoder at the water
union of the drawworks drum. Drawworks encoders are always installed
on the right-hand side of the drawworks as viewed from the rotary table.
Double click on the TFO Procedure Icon to start the Tool Face Offset
Procedure.
With both the downhole tool and the remote terminal connected to the
system, the program should quickly address both systems. If either of the
two modules is not connected, the routine will look for the absent node and
then enter into the routine with a warning screen. The Warning Screen will
identify which of the systems it could not locate and ask the operator if he
would like to Abort, Retry or Ignore. Depending on which routine the
operator wishes to follow, select the appropriate option.
At this point, if the operator knows the DAO (Driller‟s Assembly Offset), then
enter this value into the system. The DAO value maps to the surface gears
Remote Terminal.
I. New Features
A. qMWD
1. qMWDPC / RT - Drawworks encoder depth tracking
NOTE: Version qMPRX-D3 Vb1.61f or later must be installed in the MPRx 05 of
the RT for drawworks capability.
2. qMWDPC - Utilities for:
a. Drawworks encoder calibration
b. Geolograph encoder calibration
c. Hookload calibration
3. qMWDPC - Database size reducing features:
a. Allows user to set a minimum distance of pipe movement before a
new depth record is written
b. Allows user to set a lower and upper limit on the depths allowed to
write database records, (prevents records with 0 depth in database).
c. User has the option to mark multiple gammas at the same depth as
bad when written to the database, (can be undone in LogView)
d. User can set limits on gamma data which will cause out of range
gammas to be marked bad
4. qMWDPC – Audible alarms will be made for the following events:
a. Flow off – 2 dings
b. Flow on – 1 ding
c. Sync detected – 1 ding
d. End of survey – 1 ding
B. MWDRoll32
Win9x / WinNT 4.0 version of MWDRoll test
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NOTE: MWDRoll32 MUST NOT be run at the same time as any qMWD app as it
changes the PC‟s LnkA and this will have disastrous effects on any qMWD/W32
app running at the same time. MWDRoll32 does, however change it back when it
exits, so all qMWD/W32 apps will then run as normal.
C. MemoryIO/W32
A. MWDRoll32
1. Puts gamma on the display
2. When Azimuth is 0 for inclination during the roll test, the beta of
MWDRoll32 was not treating readings near 359.9 as close to 0, but as 359.x
away from 0 and failing the tool. This has been fixed.
1. qMWDCnfg
a. will not attempt to send “DSTy” (Depth Sensor Type) to an MPRx with an ASW
earlier than 1.61f
b. fixed 4 problems with implementation of access control using capability codes
c. new defaults for access control settings have been supplied
2. qMWDPC
a. It will not start another copy of the calibration utilities if they are already running
b. The „Recalc‟ button has been restored to the survey calculation window. A
checkbox has been provided to allow the user to prevent recalculation on every
survey edit (see help).
c. The accept/reject survey dialogs will no longer stack up. If a new survey has
been received before the displayed accept/reject dialog has been responded to,
the default action will be performed (see help)
d. Will no longer attempt to write an invalid record to the database, but will inform
the operator and log the error
e. A crash that occurred when the user pressed the Exit button in the depth setting
dialog before the operation was complete has been fixed.
f. Fixed the archive database template archive.db. The user was unable to open an
archive database when Kilodekanewtons were selected as the units of force in
qVarUnits. The error message was „No Current Record‟.
3. TFO Procedure - Fixed error that was setting IMO in MPTx when user was
setting DAO in MPRx
4. QDT_EDR Interface - Fixed problem that was preventing communications with
the Pason EDR in half-duplex mode.
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C.Recorder to Log Merge Utility Beta
A new version, Vb1.00b of this utility that allows plotting of recorded data
has been included for evaluation. This version will allow the user to create a new
data set consisting of recorded data only or to merge the recorded data with an
existing data set containing pulsed data. Please let us know how this utility works
and what we can do to improve it, if necessary.
These are the comports where the information is coming from. If you don't
have that symbol showing up. You have a com port not configured right. If there
is a grey symbol with a blue clock beside it, it means your system is not hooked
up to a com port or you have to unplug the TRU VU system from your com ports,
exit out all programs, and restart your computer. Open up the job you want and
then reconnect your TRU VU system to your com ports.
TO PRINT PLOTS
TVD GAMMA, TVD ROP PLOTS
IN THE GENERAL OPTIONS SCREEN YOU WANT:
CLICK ON THE "PENCIL" SO YOU CAN EDIT THE INFORMATION.
SET YOUR DEPTHS
AXIS: TVD
RES: 1 TO 500 OR 700, USER DEFINED (LARGER THE NUMBER THE
SHORTER THE PLOT)
BIG HEADER PATH: C:\TVC\HEADERS\HEADER.BIG
HEADER PATH: C:\TVC\HEADERS\HEADERS.TVD.TXT
TRAILER PATH: C:\TVC\HEADERS\HEADERS.APG
IF YOUR NOT IN THESE CLICK "BROWSE" FIND THEM, HIGHLIGHT THEM.
"OPEN" NOW IT WILL BE
THERE.
CASING SYMBOL 0.25
HEAVEY DIV 5
ANNOTATION 25
FRONT 10
If you accidentally locked the graph 1 so you can't edit it for the MD and TVD
plots.
Go to start, explore, c:\, tvc, graphs, click on "000" this will be the graph 1 with 8"
Right click when highlighted=>open=>scroll down 7 rows till you see "locked =
1"
It should be "locked = 0" make sure not to erase anything else. =>exit out.=>
save.
F6 SURVEY STATION
"Station edit" is where you add surveys.
"view" this is where you can view, edit surveys, and print them out.
Put in from: eg "0" to "23" with "standard survey worksheet" and press "printer" it
Print them out. If you press "trash" you will delete them. If you want a 3d view of
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The plot.=> on the down arrow click on "3d views of survey data"=> "apply",=>
"print"
SURVEY TIE IN
Put in survey depth (in msl-survey depth) this is rig md depth - kb - survey offset
Eg
Station depth = 100m in a tie in survey depth and tvd should be
Inc = 0 the same. Get the "ns" and "ew" from d.d
Azm = 0 they should be zero for a new well??
Tvd = 100m Make Sure That Your Tie In Is The Same As
VS = 0 THE D.D TIE IN.
DL = 0
NS COOR. = 0
EW COOR. = 0
CLICK ON "DISK"
MAKE SURE "TVD" HAS SAME VALUE AS "SURVEY DEPTH", ON YOUR
TIE IN SURVEY.
If not goto "station edit" highlight the tie in survey=> goto the tvd box and enter
the
TVD in there. Click on "disk"
THEN YOU CAN PUT IN YOUR NEXT REAL SURVEY.
"Targeting" this is where you can put your target information. Then it will
tell you where you should be aiming for your inc and azm to get there.
Shift f5 (reports): enter well info.=>"save"
Shift f7 (depth set): this is where you set your msl measured depth and msl bit
depth
Click on "set" to save.
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CTRL F4 DATABASE:
You want specific database: set to "depth"
Job back up: in browse box type: c:\tvc\job# (the job # is what you called the
well at the start of the well.
Down at the bottom click on "add all" => "save" this will save all the database in
the
Job file in the "c:\ drive" in "tvc", in welldata.
If you put in: a:\tvc\job# in the browse box this will save that job data to a floppy.
IMPORT/EXPORT
For las file
Specific database "depth"
At the bottom click on what you want to export eg. Gamma, rop, depth will be
there already. In the browse box type in :
A:\JOB#
"EXPORT" THIS WILL SEND IT TO THE FLOPPY
AUTOMATIC BACK UP
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SPECIFIC DATABASE: "DEPTH"
FILENAME: (JOB#)
CHECK MARK "ENABLE AUTOMATIC BACK UP"
CHECK MARK "INCREMENTAL AUTO BACK UP"
SELECT "ADD ALL"
IT WILL DO A JOB BACK UP EVERY: MIDNIGHT, 6 AM, NOON, 6 PM.
CTRL F5 DEPTH TRACKING
Depth tracking: this is where you calibrate your draw works decoder.
Put the drum decoder on the drawworks.
9.3 CALIBRATION
Select drilling line encoder or horses head.
Now get the driller to go up all the way with the kelly and pipe to the top of the
Next stand to the rig floor. You know the stands length. Come down to the TRU
VU System. Click on the kelly top "get" and put the "height" of the stand there.
Now get the driller to come all the way down to the floor. Measure the distance
from were the kelly screws into the pipe, down to the rig floor. Now goto TRU VU
At the kelly down click on "get" and put the "height" in there.
Now you are calibratied so click "save".
Now shift f7, enter the correct kelly down - minus the little that the top drive
Can't make it to the floor, from that stand. Enter the same depth for the bit depth.
All in MLS depths. Click on "set" to save. Now, the driller can make his
connection.
THERE ARE OTHER WAYS TO CALIBRATE THE DEPTH DECODER BUT
THIS IS EASY AND ACCURATE.
The driller has to work the pipe anyway, so if you need to recalibrate acouple of
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Times, or after any trips, it isn't very time consuming. Other wise, just edit your
depths and fix up your gamma, and rop logs.
The "drawworks encoder" works well if you have enough layers on the drum to
make it accurate.
8" monels - 6
6 3/4" monels - 5
4 3/4" monels - 1.5
10.1 CONFIGURATION:
The Configuration Screen was designed to allow the Operator to program
the Transmitter and the Receiver. To access the Configuration Screen the
Operator must press the Tools button to change to the Tools Screen, then press
the Config button located on the Tools Screen.
The Configuration Screen will launch in a separate window. The “Setup”
menu allows the operator to choose which combination of Transmitter and
Receiver that he will be programming. Double Click on the Transmitter/ Receiver
combination of choice and a list of Configuration Parameter Groupings will be
presented.
To access the parameters for each grouping, double click on the grouping
choice.
Change the parameter(s) and press “APPLY”, to apply the parameter
changes. Once all the parameter changes are completed, the operator must
choose the device to which he wants to store the configuration parameters. The
choices are Rx (Receiver), Tx (Transmitter) or Both and are presented on the
Configuration Parameter Grouping screen. The operator should make sure that
he has chosen to “Store To” from the drop down menu. Once the choice of
device is made, press the “PROCEED” button and confirm the choice that was
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made. If the choice is confirmed the process will continue. The Communication
(with device) Screen is presented next.
Note: If the Receiver is being configured the pumps should be off. See the
section on Receiver Configuration Mode for an explanation. If a parameter needs
to be changed while the pumps are on, use the xxTalk utility.
e.g.
C:\ProgramFiles\CamberTechnology\DrillWell\MWDLogging\11111\BitRun1\
11111_Params.txt
Guidance Rosebud
Outermost Half Ring – Read from the bottom starting at 180 Degrees to 0
Degrees. This is used to display the Inclination on a scale from 0 to 180 Deg.
Azimuth Ring – This ring is a full 360 Degrees and is used to display the
Azimuth. This is the ring next in from the Outermost Half Ring.
Toolface Display – This display takes up the remaining five rings into the center
of the Guidance Rosebud. There are 5 toolfaces displayed. The latest toolface
and 4 previous toolfaces. The latest toolface is displayed in the outermost of the
5 toolface display rings. In the picture above the latest toolface is displayed in
yellow. The 4 history toolfaces are displayed in red.
Centre of the Guidance Rose – The numerical value of the latest toolface is
displayed at the center of the Guidance Rose. When a new toolface is decoded
the value in this area will flash with a red background.
FOR EXAMPLE:
The Transmitter has the following values:
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Gravity Tool Face Angle = 239.1 Degrees
Instrumentation Mounting Offset = 325.05 Degrees
The Receiver has the following value:
Drill Assembly Offset = 23 Degrees
The Total Toolface Offset is a sum of the IMO and DAO.
Total Toolface Offset is 348.05 Degrees
Zeroing the Gravity Toolface Angle
This option will set the gTFA in the Transmitter to 0 degrees, by adding the
correction in reference to the position of the Transmitter.
To Zero the Gravity Toolface Angle press the Zero gTFA button. Be patient and
allow between 5-10 updates before the Gravity Toolface Angle changes to 0
degrees.
The Transmitter has the following values:
Gravity Tool Face Angle = 0 Degrees
Instrumentation Mounting Offset = 204.15
The IMO is calculated as follows:
(gTFA + IMO) MOD 360
(239.1 + 325.05) MOD 360
564.15 MOD 360
MOD is short for MODULUS
MODULUS is mathematical operation which calculates the remainder from the
division of one number by another.
Thus, 564.15 MOD 360 = the Remainder when 564.15 / 360 = 204.15
The Total Toolface Offset is a sum of the IMO and DAO .
Total Toolface Offset is 227.15
To store the current values of the Gravity Toolface Angle,
ABBREVIATIONS
A
ABat2thr Auto Bat2 Latching Threshold
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AqT1 Acquistion Time for ModN = 1
AqT2 Acquistion Time for ModN = 2
AqT3 Acquistion Time for ModN = 3
AqT4 Acquistion Time for ModN = 4
AvAk Average Pulse Amplitude Coefficient
AvCn Number of WORDS averaged for Average Confidence Factor
AvQn Number of WORDS averaged for Average Quality Factor
B
BcCR Receiver Broadcast Control Register
BcPSDD P/S Diagnostic Data
BcRxPD Receiver Diagnostic Data
BcRxSB Receiver Status Block
BcRxSM ASCII Receiver Status String
BcRxWD Receiver Waveform Data Block
BcSuSD Survey Sequence Data Block
BcSuSq Survey Sequence Number
BcSuWd Survey Decode Word Block
BcSynD Receiver Synch Data Block
BcTLSD T/L Sequence Data Block
BcTLSq T/L Sequence Number
BcTLWd T/L Decode Word Block
BcUFR MPRx_Update Flag Register
BEvT Battery Voltage Averaging & Evaluation Time
BR Serial Baud Rate Port
BR0 Serial Baud Rate Port 0
C
CmTF Correct for Magnetic TFA Declination
CPQFk Coefficient
CrLf Carriage Return Line Feed
CTO CTO
D
DFmt Directional Automatic Data Formatting String
DiAA Directional Automatic Data Acquisition Switch
DiAF Directional Automatic Data Formatting Switch
DipT Dip Angle Tolerance
DiSmpR Sensor Sampling Rate
DiSO Directional Sensor to Bit Offset
DLAuExDT Downlink Auto Extend Delay Times
DLSv Save Commands
DLTP Command Time Period
DLTy Command Set
DminAvgT Minimum Sensor Averaging Time
DSinv Inverted Sensor Mount
DSminOff Minimum Sensor Power-Off Time
DSPC Directional Sensor Power Control Switch
DUpT Directional Data Update Time
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DwnL Downlinking Commands
E
EvIM Evaluation Mode
F
FDM Flow Detection Method
FEvT Flow Evaluation Time
FOffThr Flow Off Threshold
FOnThr Flow On Threshold
FSBcI Flow Status Broadcast Interval
FSfmt Flow Status Format String
G
GaAA Gamma Automatic Data Acquisition Switch
GaAF Gamma Automatic Data Formatting Switch
GaSO Gamma Sensor to Bit Offset
GFmt Gamma Automatic Data Formatting String
GMax Maximum Gamma Sampling Time
GMin Minimum Gamma Sampling Time
GrvT Gravity Magnitude Tolerance
Gsf Gamma Scale Factor
GSPC Gamma Sensor Power Control Enable Switch
GUpT Gamma Data Update Time
GV0xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 0
GV1xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 1
GV2xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 2
GV3xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 3
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GV4xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 4
GV5xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 5
GV6xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 6
GV7xr Generic Variable Cross Reference 7
GWuT Gamma Sensor Warmup Time
H
HdCk Type of Header Check Bits
HiPL High Pulse Amplitude Limit
HiTWthr High Temperature Warning Flag
HiTWthr Receiver High Temperature Warning
HostID Host Node Designation
I
IBSO Inclination at bit Sensor to Bit Offset
IMO Instrumentation Mounting Offset
IncT Inclination Switch Threshold
InvF Inverted Flow Switch
L
LnkA Link Address
LnkL Link Line
Loc Site Location Label
LoPL Low Pulse Amplitude Limit
LoVWThr Low Battery Threshold Warning Voltage
M
MagT Magnetic Field Tolerance
N
NDip Nominal Dip Angle
NGrv Nominal Gravity Magnitude
NMag Nominal Magnetic Field
NSyP Number of Synch Pulses
P
PALf Pulse Amplitude Limits Factor
PALk Pulse Amplitude Limits Coefficient
PALmode Pulse Amplitude Limits Mode
PALratio Pulse Amplitude Limits Ratio
PEvT Pumps On/Off Evaluation Time
PmpT Pumps On Threshold
PSFtol Power Supply Fault Level Tolerance
PSWtol Power Supply Warning Level Tolerance
PTfs Pressure Transducer Rating
PTG Pressure Transducer Gain
PTO Pressure Transducer Offset
PTTy Pressure Transducer Current Range
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PTyp Pulser Type
PW1 Pulse Width for ModN = 1
PW2 Pulse Width for ModN = 2
PW3 Pulse Width for ModN = 3
PW4 Pulse Width for ModN = 4
PWin Pulse Driver Signal Widths
R
RcdFlwEv Record Flow
ReSO Resistivity Sensor to Bit Offset
RxDT Receiver Delay Time
RxFBwf Receiver Filter Bandwidth
RxSBcI Receiver Status Broadcast Interval
S
SCBCC1 Serial Communciations Blcok Check Type
SCHdrs0 Serial Communciations Headers 0 On-Off
SCHdrs1 Serial Communciations Headers 1 On-Off
SHSz Survey Header Size
SSN1 Survey Sequence Number for ModN =1
SSN2 Survey Sequence Number for ModN =2
SSN3 Survey Sequence Number for ModN =3
SSN4 Survey Sequence Number for ModN =4
SSq1 Survey Sequence 1
SSq2 Survey Sequence 2
SSq3 Survey Sequence 3
SSq4 Survey Sequence 4
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StAvgT Steering Mode Averaging Time
STk1 Phase Correction
STk2 Tx & Rx Clock Difference
StSR Directional Steering (T/L) Data Sampling Rate
StST Directional Steering (T/L) Data Sampling Time
SuAM Directional Survey Acquisition Mode
SuAvgT Survey Mode Sensor Averaging Time
SuDT Directional Survey Delay Time
SuSR Directional Survey Data Sampling Rate
SuST Directional Survey Data Sampling Time
SyTy Synch WORD format
SyWF Synch Window Factor
T
TFOC Toolface Offset Correction
THSz Toolface/Logging Header Size
TLT1 T/L Tx Time Limit for ModN = 1
TLT2 T/L Tx Time Limit for ModN = 2
TLT3 T/L Tx Time Limit for ModN = 3
TLT4 T/L Tx Time Limit for ModN = 4
TmpT High Temperature Threshold
tmSBcI Telemetry Status Broadcast Interval
tmSBcM Transmitter Status Control Register
tmSfmt Transmitter Status Control Register
TmTF True Magnetic Toolface Angle
TSN1 T/L Sequence Number For ModN = 1
Short Definitions:
ACCELEROMETER A device for measuring the acceleration of a body in a
particular direction. Accelerometers are used in downhole tools to sense changes
of direction of the tool with respect to the Earth's gravity factor.
ACTUATOR A part of the MWD transmitter, it is the hydraulic component that
creates the pressure pulse.
AVERAGE ANGLE METHOD A mathematical model, approximating a wellbore,
based upon a simple average of adjacent station inclination angles and adjacent
station azimuth angles.
AZIMUTH Azimuth is the angle between the horizontal component of the
borehole direction at a particular point and the direction of north. The angle
should always be expressed in the 0-360 degree system. The angle may refer to
either magnetic, true (geographic), or grid north; whichever referred to must
always be clearly indicated (also known as bearing).