Minutes of the

PROPOSAL DEFENSE OF BS Criminology Candidates

ALYSTER B. SIBAL and JONATHAN D. CRISPINO, JR.
Commencing 9:25am on May 16, 2023.

Candidate/s: Alyster B. Sibal and Jonathan D. Crispino, Jr.

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Thesis Title: Drug-Related Criminal Violation Among Minors in Dipolog City: Implication for
Peace and Order

Panel of Examiners:
Chair: Prof. Haide R. Gamil
Vice Chair: Prof. Ma. Nanette C. Belandres
Panel Members: Dr. Jane T. Aquino
Prof. Maricel M. Sangual
Prof. Charity B. Aripal

Introduction of the Candidate: Prof. Haide R. Gamil

Caucus: Panel of examiners minus the candidate.

Comments and Suggestions

1. Refer to the corrections and suggestions in the manuscripts.

2. Refer to the new suggested title of the study. Change Violation to Offenses.
3. Observe proper formatting and the use of future tense.
4. Use the APA 7th edition in all citations.
5. For Chapter 1, look for more recent statistics of illegal drug cases. See comments
for the 1st paragraph of the Introduction.
6. Add citations in your Introduction but remove citations below year 2018.
Citations should reflect references from year 2018 up to present.
7. Look for studies from 2018 to present and utilize the strain theory.
8. Start discussing concepts of your study in your Introduction followed by the
discussions about related studies.
9. Refer to the recommended title of Theoretical/Conceptual Framework. The same
should be anchored in RA 9165.
10. Revisit Dependent Variables and have it based in your Statement of the Problem
(SOP) and Questionnaire.
11. Refer to the corrections and suggestions in your Statement of the Problem.
 ● Question No. 2: What is the volume/rate of drug-related offenses among

minors in Dipolog City.

● Make SOP No. 2 to SOP No. 3.; SOP No. 3 to SOP No.4.

12. In the Operational Definition of Terms, expound the term Drug-Related Criminal
Violations.
13. Add more important terms used in this study.
14. In your Scope and Delimitation, define what are those drug-related criminal
violations.
15. Refer to a statistician for the appropriate tool to be used in the analysis of data.
16. Consider the corrections in stating Chi-Square Test.
17. Follow APA format in your References.
18. Modify questionnaire and consider revising the indicators.
19. Look for indicators or search it in RA 9165.

Presentation of the Study by the Candidate to the panel of examiners

Reiteration of Inputs to the Candidate by the Chair in the presence of the panel of
examiners
Rating by the Panel of Examiners spearheaded by the Chair in the absence of the
Candidate

Decision:Minor revision.

Informing the Rating of the Candidate by the Chair in the presence of the panel of
examiners

The panel agreed that Prof. Maricel M. Sangual, as the adviser of the study, will take
part in checking the manuscript.

Concluding Words by the Chair in the presence of the panel of examiners

Reminders
1. Strictly observe the Institutional Format of Thesis writing.
2. Revisit citations and check for accuracy. All cited authors must be
reflected in the references.
 3. References or citations must be of a study that is 5 years back from present
year. Observe APA 7th Edition formatting.
4. Revise the paper based on the suggestions of the panel.
5. Work closely with adviser. Submit the paper to the adviser together with
the minutes.

CERTIFICATION

I hereby certify that the above statements are true and correct to the best of my ability,
and I further certify the accuracy of the foregoing set of facts.
Drug –Related Criminal Offenses Among Minors in Dipolog City: Implication for
Peace and Order

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal

Presented to the
Faculty of the School of Criminal Justice Education
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
Katipunan Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
Criminological Research 1

ALYSTER B. SIBAL
JONATHAN D.CRISPINO JR.

May 2023
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

In 2000, Police Director Coronel pointed out that court records also reflect the

increasing magnitude of the drug problem. There are at 20,000 pending drug cases and 70

percent of heinous crimes filed in court are drug-related. Out of the 36,739 suspects

apprehended for illegal drugs, only 1 percent had been jailed. Furthermore, 65 percent to

75 percent of prison inmates are in jail for drug-related crimes. In terms of rehabilitative

efforts, Coronel said that about 5,000 patients have already been admitted in 60 different

centers and 30 to 40 more patients are being taken in every day.

The burgeoning statistics of children in conflict with law (CICL) is alarming.

Data from the Philippine National Police revealed that as of July 2016 more than 26,000

children are involved in drugs, a portion as drug couriers or traders and most are drug

users.

A well-known conception of the drug-crime relationship is outlined in Goldstein’s

(1985) three-part description. The first way that drugs and crime are correlated is due to

psychopharmacological effects of the drugs. For example, stimulants such as cocaine and

methamphetamine can cause aggression and increased energy, which can render a user

more likely to engage in violent crime (McBride et al., 2017).

Another explanation for the drug-crime connection is referred to as the “common

cause” hypothesis. This hypothesis states that drugs and crime are correlated not because

of a relationship between the two, but rather through other characteristics. These include

being the victim of childhood abuse or being raised in a low income household; research
has shown that these factors are associated with both drug dependence and crime

(Doherty et al.,2018).

In terms of familiarity with people involved in drug trade, in 2003, 18 percent of

the children had friends involved in illegal drug trade, 11 percent had parents who were

involved, six percent had siblings who have drug-related work and one percent admits

that they themselves are into drug trading.

In 2004, there seemed to be an increase in the drug trade involvement of people

within the respondents’ environment. They reported that they had friends (30 percent),

parents (three percent), and siblings (ten percent) involved in drug trade. Two children

were involved as runners.

Though a causal link between drugs and crime has not been established,

correlations between the two have been established in various populations of study,

including the general population, drug users, and the incarcerated (McBride et al., 2017).

One of the many findings of the study included the implications to reassess existing

practices in order to attain peace and order among minors in Dipolog City to give

solutions, review current policies, programs and practices, and restructure systems and

organizations. This way, the issues of drug-related criminal violations may be better

addressed in a manner that it is more relevant and responsive to the rights of children.

Along this context, this study will determine the drug-related criminal violation

among minors in Dipolog City: implication for peace and order.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on strain theory byRobert Agnew’scrime points out that

individuals allocate time between market and criminal activity by comparing the
expected return from each crime, and taking into account the severity of punishment. In

this case, inequality leads to crime by placing low-income individuals, who have low

returns from market activity, in proximity to high-income individuals, who have things

worth taking. This leads to low-income individuals committing a crime in order to

improve their economic situation.

. However, strain theory has not always occupied a respectable position among

scholars in the criminological community. Although strain theory quickly achieved

popularity in its early beginnings, in the 1960’s it faced harsh criticisms as a result of

competition with newer theories such as control and social learning (Agnew, 1992). It

was not until Agnew revised strain theory in 1985 that strain theory began to reestablish

its credible position within the criminological community. Since Agnew’s revision of

strain theory, strain theory has been used to explain a variety of criminological

phenomenon such as patterns of male versus female offending and has been further

revised to overcome multiple criticisms.

Agnew constructed general strain theory by building upon the work of prior strain

theorist, Robert Merton. Merton posited that crime was caused by strain, the difference

between one’s economic aspirations and their actual means of achieving those aspirations

(Merton, 1938). Merton proposed that when individuals were unable to meet their goals

through legitimate means they would resort to illegitimate, or illegal measures to achieve

their goals (Merton, 1938).

However, Merton’s strain theory endured several unanswered criticisms.

First, Merton concentrated specifically on the lower class although persons of all

socioeconomic classes engage in crime (Agnew, 1985). Secondly, Merton could not
explain crime other than financial crimes (Agnew, 1992). Furthermore, Merton did not

explain why only some individuals reacted with criminal behavior when confronted with

strain (Agnew, 1992).

Each of these shortcomings was addressed by Agnew’s revision of Merton’s strain

theory.

Agnew proposed that various forms of strain caused individuals to experience

negative emotional states such as anger, depression, and fear (Agnew, 1992). For Agnew,

crime occurred when persons sought criminal means to cope with their negative

emotions. However, as Merton failed to explain, not all individuals resort to crime to

cope with their negative emotional states.

Agnew explained that an individual’s coping strategy is the determining factor of whether

or not one will engage in crime. Furthermore, to explain all crime, rather than just

economic crimes among the lower class, Agnew expanded upon Merton’s definition of

strain.

Rather than defining strain as the difference between one’s financial goals and

one’s legitimate means to achieve those goals, Agnew stated that strain was caused by the

difference between one’s aspirations towards any goal and the means to achieve that goal

(Agnew, 1992).

Thus, the failure to achieve any goal, rather than strictly a financial goal, would result in

strain. Agnew’s modification of the definition of strain enabled strain theory to explain

any type of crime rather than strictly financial crimes.

 Prior to Agnew’s revision of strain theory, strain theory could not explain crimes

such as domestic abuse, sexual assault, and drug use as those crimes are not means to

achieve an economic goal. Agnew’s revision of strain theory offers an explanation of the

previously listed crimes as means of coping, albeit illegitimately, for the failure to

achieve one’s goal. For example, if a male set a goal to engage in sexual relations with a

female, but was refused, he may resort to crime, sexual assault, to achieve his goal.

Additionally, in order to offer a more complete explanation of all criminal behavior,

Agnew added two additional sources of strain: the removal of a positive stimuli and the

confrontation of a negative stimuli (Agnew, 1992).

For example, the loss of one’s job could be the removal of a positive stimulus as

one loses something of value to them. A confrontation with a negative stimulus could be

a student who must face a bully every day at school. In either case, the negative feelings

induced by these strains could lead an individual to seek criminal behaviors as a means

with which to cope with their emotions (Agnew, 1992).

Strains such as these could motivate a member of any social class to resort to

criminal behavior in seeking a coping strategy to their problems. As social class was

demonstrated to be a poor indicator of criminal offending, members of all social classes

could share similar likelihoods of seeking criminal behavior as a strategy with which to

cope with strain (Hindeland et al., 1979). This was further supported by the fact that rates

of certain crimes, such as drug use, are fairly consistent among all social classes

(Hindeland et al., 1979). However, not all individuals whom experience strain resort to

criminal behavior as a coping mechanism.

 For instance, an individual could resort to the use of illegal drugs to cope with the

stress of their minimum wage job which they despise. Should the individual be caught for

using illegal drugs, they may lose their job. As the individual hates their job, they are not

deterred from using drugs by the possibility of losing their job. Thus, persons whom

experience strain as a result of circumstances relating to low social control such as

negative relationships, or stressful jobs, are likely to resort to criminal behavior as a

method of coping with their strain as they have little to lose.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Drug – Related Criminal Violation Implications for Peace and

Order
Among Minors
 Public Safety
Ordinances
 Strengthen Commitment
to a Holistic Campaign
 Drug Penalties

Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify drug –related criminal violations among minors in

Dipolog City to attain peace and order.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Length of Service and

1.5 Work Position?

2. What is the implication of peace and order in terms of:

2.1 Public Safety Ordinances;

2.2 Strengthen Commitment to a Holistic Campaign; and

2.3 Drug Penalties?

3. Is there a significant relationship between drug-related criminal violations

among minors and the perceived implications of peace and order in the city?

Hypothesis

HO1: There is no significant relationship between drug-related criminal

violations among minors and the perceived implications of peace and order in

the city.

Significance of the Study

The present investigation is deemed beneficial to the following:

 Community. This study will be advantage to the citizens living in the area where

drug-related crimes presently a situation in the city which harm the residents. The

community shall also expect to participate to achieve peace in the area.

City Social Welfare and Development Office. This study will help them

to improve their interventions program and find out if there are insufficiencies with

regard to their intervention program for the delinquents. Thus, this will serve as

an assessment of their duties and responsibilities

Minors. This study will be the basis in which minors would be a great help to

move forward on a better status of living like rehabilitation to attain peace and

harmonious life in the area where threats are present.

Philippine National Police (PNP). This study will serve as guide for this law

bodies to implement violations and delete crimes in the city to decrease numbers of

minors which commits crimes and lead them to a better way of life .

Future Researchers. This study served as an authentic learning experience that

will help the researchers sharpen their skills and acquire new knowledge.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study aims to identify drug –related criminal violations among minors in Dipolog

City to attain peace and order.

It shall use the descriptive survey method of research utilizing self-made

questionnaire as its principal tool of gathering data. Further, it shall focus on the

relationship between the drug-related criminal violations and the perceived implications

of peace and order in the city. Therefore, the study shall use minors / person under the

age of 16,17,18 or 21 to participate on the said study.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms were operationally defined;

Crime.This refers to a crime committed by a drug users to get money to buy more drugs

or a crime committed by persons under the influence of drugs.

Drug-Related Criminal Violations. This refers to a crime possess and manufacture

controlled substances which violated=s drug laws.

Implications.This refers to a certain actions and suggestions to improve or

resolve problems existing in the community that is related to drug crimes.

Minors. This refers to a person who is under age at which one legally assumes adulthood

and can be punished under juvenile law.

Peace and Order.This refers to understand the frames of mind that develop strong

emotions to underpin conflict and violence.

 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review on related literature and studies purposely to

augment explanation on the theoretical and conceptual framework of the study.

Literature

Drugs are related to crime in various ways. In a direct way, it is a crime to

possess, manufacture and distribute any form of drugs. Marijuana, cocaine, heroin and

amphetamines are some drugs which are illegal. On the other hand, drugs are related to

crime through the effects they have on the end user or generating any other illegal

activity.

For instance, Jarjoura, et al., (2017) possess that the longer a young person lives

in poverty the more likely would they engage in violent behavior. In this study, we also

hold a similar view with regard to South African crimes. Lack of personal growth and

employment opportunities force individuals to commit criminal activities as a means of

survival.

Raphael et al., (2017) indicated that there is a strong relationship between

unemployment and crime. Similarly, a number of drug-related crimes are also committed

by people who are unemployed and find solace in drugs.

SAPS (2016) pointed out that most drug-related crimes in South Africa were

committed by uneducated youths. Jarjoura et al. (2017) also noted that other factors

influencing criminality included the education status of the individual, and parent

occupation added more strain on such individuals. It is pointed out that income level is
linked to substance abuse. Similarly, children of parents in the lowest income decile are

said to have a high propensity to commit crime compared with their peers in the fifth

decile. Yet, on the other hand, behaviorists have noted violent offending and substance

abuse are greatly influenced by genetics, although family environmental factors come

into play .

In certain instances, the linkage between crime and poverty is very complex.

Kaylen and Pridemore (2017) found that poverty effects led to a strong poverty-homicide

relationship, while the homicide-inequality relationship was weak. Given the variations in

terms of crime determinants, it becomes a bit clear that certain factors, which were

overlooked by numerous studies, also contribute to making this relationship complex.

For example, Hällsten, et al (2017) study in Sweden on immigrants’ children

concluded that ethnicity and culture were unlikely to be the cause of crime, but, instead,

socio-economic resources, and neighborhood segregation— which expresses itself as an

economic disadvantage—were major contributors. Such views are held by a number of

studies who claim that people living in poor neighborhoods were likely to be involved in

criminal activities, especially when there are economically disadvantaged.

Hayden (2017) pointed out that the youth offending in the United Kingdom were

from social housing. In other words, those youths staying in low-income neighborhoods

were more likely to commit crime than youth in non-low-income areas. While this

finding may seem distant, the reality is that income status pushes youth to commit a

crime in certain areas; yet, economic segregation plays a role in some areas.
 They robbed victims and used the money to buy drugs, play video games and go out.

Youths were committing more serious crimes and at younger ages. The victims are also

young and sometimes young offenders get to know their victims through the Internet.

The other concern for teenagers is the battleground between rival student gangs. The

main culprits in the street fights are vocational students, who are typically aged 16 to 18.

Formerly, students used their school equipment, such as T-squares, iron rulers, cutters,

and their belts as weapons, and the fighting rarely caused death. Nowadays teen gangs,

including students, use guns to shoot students from the rival institutes without knowing

those students personally. In addition, the events always occur in public places such as

on buses, in shopping malls, etc. Thus, students who joined gangs, normal students, and

bystanders are easily injured or killed in violence between teenagers. Students attest to

the level of violence that has been used in nearly 2,000 attacks recorded by police in the

capital during 10 months in 2004. Recently, fighting that culminated in running battles

involving nearly 100 students left nine injured, and the education ministry ordered two

schools shut for a chance to bring their students into line or face permanent closure. In

addition, a total of 12 schools have been placed on a government watch list because of

violent behaviour (Chaisatien, 2017).

Additionally, young people are becoming increasingly violent and blaming

society and their own families for their behavior. In a student forum, students stated that

they resorted to violence as a means to solve every problem. They brawl because they

cannot win against one another and they are all feeling the pressure of strict school rules

and the decrees of their parents and society, so they are releasing their stress through

violence. Some accepted that they absorbed violent behavior from violent computer
games. Nevertheless, from a larger societal perspective, juvenile delinquents are a

reflection of the failure of the family unit, curriculum and school administration, and poor

criminal justice procedure and rehabilitation.

The Drug Rehabilitation Center, the other initiative of the Department of Probation

starting in 2003, has been organizing compulsory treatment for drug users under the

Drug Rehabilitation Act of 2002. The major concept is to provide arrestees who used or

processed small quantities of any illicit drug and did not commit other offences to

undergo treatment like a patient instead of prosecuting them as a criminal. If the

arrestees are willing to receive treatment and relinquish their drug habits, the prosecutors

will drop the charges and the arrestees will have no criminal record and will be assisted

in continuing their daily lives in the community as ordinary people. A benefit of the

compulsory treatment system is that it can provide an opportunity to divert offenders

from the general criminal justice procedure, and especially to reduce the number of

suspects in courts and thereby to reduce the number held in jails and juvenile detention

centers. To ensure success, the Department of Probation, in its capacity as the

coordinator of the programmes, has worked closely with many government and non-

government agencies as well as communities all over the country. It is believed that by

concentrating seriously on rehabilitation and prevention, the compulsory drug treatment

system will be an effective strategy for curbing crime committed by drug abusers

(Kittayarak,et al (2017).

No laws were found that varied the response to the minor as a drug user by age group

(apart from the age of criminal responsibility, already discussed above), or drug involved

– this will be left to the judge. Considering the level of addiction, in Germany, the law
contains provisions relating to drug-addicted offenders in general, which will also be

applied (with appropriate modifications) to minors. These provisions postpone the

execution of sentence in favour of treatment, offsetting the treatment duration against the

sentence and suspending the remainder of the sentence on probation. In Latvia, the

Children’s Rights Law provides that a child who has become dependent on drugs shall be

ensured mandatory special medical treatment and reintegration into society. In most

countries an addicted child may also trigger removal from the parents if they are unable

to care for it, as discussed above.

Charging a minor with a drug use or drug possession offence may well give rise to

creation of a record in the countries concerned, but the type of record varies greatly. No

criminal record will be created in Denmark or the Netherlands. In the Czech Republic,

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Spain, a record will be created of the offence for internal

purposes, and similarly in France, Luxembourg, Austria, the Slovak Republic and

Sweden a criminal record will be created, but restricted to the relevant Ministry officials

and police services, with possible release to certain sensitive employers such as security

services. In Greece, the record will be created if correctional or reformative measures

were awarded, but not for therapeutic measures. Records will also be created in Ireland

and Poland.
 REFERENCES

Chaisatien, A. (2003). “Bring Them Up Right.” Thai Youth Issues in Thailand.

www.thailandlife.com/thaiyouth.html (6/19).
Doherty,W. (2018). Gender and Crime: Toward a Gendered Theory of Female
Offending.
Retrievedfromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/234838484_Gender_and_Crime_
Toward_a_Gendered_Theory_of_Female_Offending
Hallsten,M. (2017). Drug Abuse in the Inner City: Impact on Hard-Drug Users
and the Community (From Drugs and Crime, V 13, P 9-67, 1990, Michael Tonry and
James Q Wilson, eds. -- See NCJ-125241). Retrieved from
http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=125242
Hayden,S. (2017). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology,
developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications.
Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 737-762.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004107
Jarjoura (2017). Substance use and criminality among juveniles-underenquiry in
New Delhi. Indian J Psychiatry. 2016 Apr- Jun; 58(2): 178–182; Retrieved
from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919962/
Kittayarak, K. (2003)). “Restorative Justice: The Thai Experience”. UNAFEI
Resource Material Series No.63. Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
McBride,D. (2017). Evaluation of the Intervention and Rehabilitation Program in
Residential Facilities and Diversion Programs for Children in Conflict with the Law.
Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/Philippines_2015-
004_Final_Report.pdf
Pridemore , W.(2017), “A child is a child: protecting children on the move from
violence abuse and exploitation”, available at: www.unicef.org/
publications/files/UNICEF_A_child_is_a_child_May_2017_EN.pdf(accessed 5 May
2019).
Raphael,S. (2017), “Comparing psychological distress, traumatic stress reactions, and
experiences of unaccompanied refugee minors with experiences of adolescents
accompanied by parents”, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol. 195 No. 4,
pp. 288-297. http://europepmc.org/article/med/17435478
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the research methodology used in this study. These are

presented in the following sections: methods used; research environment; respondents of

the study; research instrument; validating the instrument; data gathering procedure and

statistical treatment of data.

Research Method

The study will utilize the descriptive-quantitative survey method through check-

list questionnaires which serves as the data gathering instrument. It is important to stress

that descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,

situation or phenomenon. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety

of research methods to investigate one or more variables (McCombes, 2020).

Research Environment

This study will be conducted in Dipolog City focusing on drug –related criminal

violations among minors in Dipolog City to attain peace and order. The data will be

gathered in Dipolog City Social Welfare and Development Office, Sta. Isabel, Dipolog

City where possible number of minors committed crimes.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the Department of Social Welfare and

Development Office (CSWDO) in Dipolog City , province of Zamboanga del Norte. A

total of 20 employees will be utilized as respondents in the study. They shall be randomly

selected to give answers from the questionnaire to be collected and analyze. Purposive

sampling will be employed in the study. Data collected from Dipolog City Social Welfare
and Development office in Dipolog City that will supply the total numbers of minors who

committed crimes in the city.

Research Instruments

This study will use check-list questionnaire as the principal tool of gathering data. The

questionnaire shall be composed of two parts. The Part 1 will be the Profile of

Respondents; sex, age, civil status, length of service and work position while Part 2

implication of peace and order;Public Safety; Strengthen Commitment to a Holistic

Campaign and Drug Penalties . A 5-point Likert scale will be use to interpret the level of

agreement to a statement of each respondent.

Validating the Instruments

The questionnaires which will be formulated by the researchers will be submitted

to the experts to determine its validity and also for perusal for possible corrections or

modifications. The final, corrected and modified questionnaire will be used by the

researchers in data gathering.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers, upon recommendation from the Board of Panel to commence

data gathering, willl ask permission from the dean of the Criminology for their referral to

Department of Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO) in Dipolog City.

When all the preliminaries will be accomplished, the researchers shall distribute the

questionnaires to the respondents and will ask them to answer diligently the questionnaire

to the best of their knowledge and to what they perceived as actually happened. After the

respondents answered the questionnaire, the researchers shall collect at the same time,

tally on each response shall refer to a statistician for statistical work.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools will used to interpret the data gathered:

1.Frequency Count andPercentage computation was used to determine the

profile of the respondents. The formula is:

Percentage = (part/whole) x 100

Formula
Percentage. used to express the relative frequency of the respondent’s response.
Where

P=Percentage

F= Frequency

N=Number of respondents

Weighted Mean. used to get the average or central value of the responses in every

statement using this formula

Weighted Mean = (data interval frequency x assigned weight)

Total respondents

Hence, the level of the weighted mean is the five-point scale with the following

descriptive equivalents are as follows:

Legend:

Ranges Rate Level of Compliance

4.20–5.00 5 STRONGLY AGREE
3.40–4.19 4 AGREE
2.60–3.39 3 UNCERTAIN
1.80–2.59 2 DISAGREE
1.00–1.79 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE
 2.Chi-Square Test

× =∑ ¿ ¿
2

Where: x2 = Chi-square test

O = observed frequency

E = expected frequency

∑ = summation
 JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERISTY
School of Criminology
Katipunan Campus
Dear Respondents,

Greetings…

The researcher is presently conducting a study on the “Drug –Related Criminal

Offenses Among Minors in Dipolog City: Implication for Peace and Order”. The
undersigned realize that this research study will not materialize without your full support;
hence, we humbly solicit your help and cooperation by answering this questionnaire very
honestly. Rest assured your answers will be treated with utmost confidentiality and
secrecy.

Your favorable consideration and valuable help in this regard will be highly
appreciated.

Please refer to the second page for answering the questionnaire.

God bless and more power.

Very truly yours,

ALYSTER B. SIBAL
JONATHAN D. CRISPINO JR.

THE RESEARCHERS
Research Instruments

Part I.Personal Information. Below are some questions relative to your personal
information. Please answer the questions religiously. Rest assured that your answers
will be treated with utmost confidentiality by the researchers.

1. Name (optional) _______________________________________________

2. Age: ( ) 18 –24 years old
( ) 25– 31 years old
( ) 32 –38 years old
( ) 39 –45 years old
( ) 46– 52 years old
( ) 53-59 years old
( ) 60 years old and above

3. Sex: ( ) Male
( ) Female

4. Civil Status: ( ) Single

( ) Married
( ) Separated
( ) Widow/er
5. Length of Service : ( ) 1-5 ( ) 6-10 ( ) 11-15 ( ) 16-20
6. Work Position : ( ) Regular ( ) Casual

Part II.Level of Implications of Peace and Order.

Please rate the following statements as to your experience regarding the violataions
among minors in the City.
Ranges Rate Level of Compliance
4.20–5.00 5 STRONGLY AGREE
3.40–4.19 4 AGREE
2.60–3.39 3 UNCERTAIN
1.80–2.59 2 DISAGREE
1.00–1.79 1 STRONGLY DISAGREE

Public Safety Ordinances SD D N A SA

1 2 3 4 5
1. Enforces the curfew violations
in the barangay.
 2. Assigns PNP officer for
counseling among minors who
may violate the city
ordinances.
3. Designates officers at night to
conduct roving and monitoring
around the vicinity.
4. Adapts the ordinance in lined
with the national policies on
curfew.

5. Properly disseminates bu the

local officials to the
inhabitants of the barangay.
Total:

Strengthen Commitment to a SD D N A SA
Holistic Campaign
1 2 3 4 5

1. Investigative agencies apply

new methods or if whether the
law enforcement is doing
random patrols and searching.
2. Recognizes the impact of
social circumstances such as
poverty, and the ways in which
this often led people to
become targets of the criminal
 justice system and to end up in
prison.
3. Encourages the minors to be
involved in activities that will
divert their attention from the
illegal drugs.
4. Coordinates in school
community to support minors
to continue learning despite
poverty.
5. Support youth organizations
that initiates possible
interventions that helps
victims from drugs to renew
again.
Total: