PERFORMANCE OF PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ON ANTI-ILLEGAL

DRUG CAMPAIGN IN CABANATUAN CITY POLICE STATION

An undergraduate thesis presented to

to the faculty of the Institute of Criminal
Justice Education,
MANUEL V. GALLEGO FOUNDATION COLLEGES, INC.
Cabanatuan City

in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
(BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY)

By:

Benjamin U. Dirangarun

(MAY,2023)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the researcher would like to thank the

Almighty God for His enduring grace, guidance, and
protection that He has bestowed upon us during this research
project.

The researchers would also like to express his

sincerest gratitude to their adviser, Professor Frederico
Perez for his continuous support in their research for his
patience, motivation. and immense knowledge, his guidance
helped him throughout his research and writing of his
thesis.

And, to the whole faculty of ICJE lead by the beloved

Dean of Criminology Dr. Raymond Tabajonda, biggest thank
you, and the whole staff that work and gave advice to the
researcher throughout the journey.
To his parents, who have continuously supported them
financially to accomplish his study and or their guidance.
encouragement and inspiration to them throughout their
lives. a very special thank you for your parental presence
and constant support to his study

They would also like to thank their fellow classmates

and friends for their stimulating discussions, for the
sleepless nights they were working together for deadlines,
and for all the fun they have had for the last two
semesters.

They would also like to express their appreciation to

their coordinator, Professor Charity De Luna for her trust,
advice, support, patience, and guidance from the start to
the completion of the study.

And lastly, the researcher would like to express the

gratitude to the person who is she the reason why he chooses
to go back at school, she’s the one who insist to the
researcher that he must go back and complete his degree,
again Leeyana Medina, thank you very much.
 APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis “PERFORMANCE OF THE

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ON ANTI-DRUG CAMPAIGN IN
CABANATUAN CITY POLICE STATION”, prepared and submitted by
Benjamin U. Dirangarun in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Criminology has been examined and is hereby recommended for
approval.

APPROVED:

ADVISER CRITIC
Dr. Frederico Perez Ms. Charity De Luna
_______________ _______________
April 27, 2023 April 27, 2023

EXTERNAL PANELIST
Mr. Epitacio Domingo
_______________
April 27, 2023

ACCEPTED:

RAYMOND R. TABAJONDA
Dean
_______________
April 27, 2023
 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Before the declining number of drug related crimes in

the Philippines, in 2015 before the hard-fought campaign of

the former President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, the Philippine

Dangerous Drug Board estimated a total of 1.8 million drug

users which is 859,150 of this total number are user of

methamphetamine also known as “Shabu”.

Based on the study of National institute of Drug Abuse

by Leonardo Estacio Jr. “Findings showed that 16 percent of

the youth, mostly male, used methamphetamine for personal

and family problems (33%), peer influence (14%), curiosity

(13%), and relaxation (5%) and because of idleness (3%).

First drug use was at age 14 with inhalants, at age 15 with

cough preparations, at age 16 with tobacco and cigarettes,

and at age 17 with methamphetamine and marijuana,

respectively. All respondents were initiated to

methamphetamine and other drugs by their peers. Drug use

continued for reasons of enjoyment (25%), because of a

friend’s continuous use (15%), for lack of parental guidance

(6%), and to forget problems (5%). Initiation and use of

methamphetamine was characterized by its availability

through street-level pushing, peer use, and lack of law

enforcement.

The former president Rodrigo Roa Duterte war on drugs

campaign is seen successful based on the quarterly poll of

1,200 Filipinos by Social Weather Stations returned a rating

of “excellent” for Duterte’s three-year campaign, with 82%

satisfied due to a perception of less drugs and crime in the

country. That compared to 12% dissatisfied, because they

believed the drug trade was still flourishing and there were

too many killings and police abuses. The survey conducted by

the independent pollster in late June had 6% undecided.

(Reuters Staff. 2019)

Although the surveys saying that the drug campaign is

successful, there still a lot of people that don’t believe

on this data, such as the ICC or International Criminal

Court they say that “President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on

drugs in the Philippines is morally and legally

unjustifiable. Resulting in egregious and large-scale

violations of human rights, it amounts to state-sanctioned

murder. It is also counterproductive for countering the

threats and harms that the illegal drug trade and use pose
to society — exacerbating both problems while profoundly

shredding the social fabric and rule of law in the

Philippines. The United States and the international

community must condemn and sanction the government of the

Philippines for its conduct of the war on drugs.” (Vanda

Felbab-Brown,2017) Although the ICC threat the former

president, the only words that the former president said is

"If there is any person who is going to prison, it would be

me," Duterte said in a speech during an event held by the

government's counter-insurgency task force. "I assume full

responsibility," he added. (Reuters, 2021)

The people can safely say that the performance of the

Philippine National Police is doing good when they got the

approval of the Commission on Human Rights, it’s not often

happened because of the past issues of the two organization.

The Commission on Human Rights, gave the Philippine National

Police a thumbs up on its stand to preserve the sanctity

of life in the performance of its duty. “The Commission

affirms that law-breaking individuals who are granted the

opportunity to amend their offenses and reform their ways

are more likely to lead a crime-free life and become

productive members of society,” CHR Executive Director

Jacqueline Ann de Guia said.

Based on the website “Publicsafety.gc.ca” it states

that the primary measurement that being used to direct

measure the performance of the police personnel commonly

used include crime rates, number of arrests and fines

issued, clearance rates, and calls for service response

time. Some indirect measures of police performance include

surveys, direct observations of social behavior, situational

studies and independent testing. (Anton Maslov, 2022)

This descriptive research will seek for performance of

the Philippine National Police in the anti-drug campaign in

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija year 2022. The primary research

instrument that will be used in the study is survey

questionnaire. The findings of this study particularly will

benefit Philippine National Police to get bird’s eye view on

the performance of their personnel on the said program or

campaign.

Review of Related Literature

 This chapter presents the related literature of the

study that are inclusive in the better understanding of the

problem, its nature, concerns and issues. This section

mentions references from significant articles, internet

sources that are related to the study it contains the

citation of local studies related to Performance of the

Philippine National Police in the Implementation of Anti-

Illegal Drug Program in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.

Laws and Regulation referring to dangerous drugs

The most famous law that directly battle the use of

illegal drugs is the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of

2002" this law states that. It is the policy of the State to

safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being

of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful

effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental

well-being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions

detrimental to their development and preservation. In view

of the foregoing, the State needs to enhance further the

efficacy of the law against dangerous drugs, it being one of

today's more serious social ills. (Section 2 of REPUBLIC ACT

NO. 9165 June 7, 2002)

Philippines War on Drugs

 The Philippine National Police said Monday that close

to 50 suspects have been killed in anti-drug operations five

months into President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.'s

term. The disclosure comes amid an announcement by the

government that the "war on drugs" would focus more on

preventing drug use and the rehabilitation of drug

dependents. It also comes after Senate President Juan Miguel

Zubiri played down deaths in the anti-narcotics campaign as

an old issue. Police Gen. Rodolfo Azurin, PNP chief, said in

a forum organized by the Foreign Correspondents Association

of the Philippines on Monday that 32 have died in PNP

operations while 14 others were killed by agents of the

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency.

The number of deaths acknowledged by the PNP is much

lower than that monitored by Dahas PH, a running count of

reported drug-related killings by the Third World Studies

Center at the University of the Philippines, which

documented 127 drug suspects killed between July 1 and

November 7. The PNP chief stressed that there had been

changes in the anti-narcotics strategy even as the Duterte

administration winded down. (Franco Luna, November 2022)

 Even though the campaign focus on the criminals, the

Philippine National Police also focuses on their own

backyard, ten members of the Drug Enforcement Group of the

Philippine National Police (PDEG) have been relieved amid an

ongoing investigation into an anti-drug operation in Manila

that yielded nearly 1 ton of shabu and led to the arrest of

a police officer last Oct. 8.

PNP spokesperson Col. Jean Fajardo said Wednesday that

among the relieved officers were some PDEG team leaders and

the immediate supervisor of the suspect Master Sgt. Rodolfo

Mayo Jr., a PDEG intelligence officer and the owner of

Wealth and Personal Development Lending Inc. in Sta. Cruz,

Manila which was raided by authorities. (Franco Luna, 2022)

Other Programs for Illegal Drugs Prevention

THE BKD IMPLEMENTATION

Barkada Kontra Droga is a peer group organized to

provide and support school activities that promote awareness

and intervention to drug abuse and its related issues. This

group also supports the projects of the community and its

local government with the same objective. This organization

is supported by the students, teachers, school

administrators, barangay council, local government unit,

private institutions and other identified stakeholders.

(https://sites.google.com/site/barkadakontradrogabdnhs/home/

our-school)

The National Drug Education Program (NDEP)

The National Drug Education Program (NDEP) is one of

the five flagship programs of the Oplan Kalusugan sa

Department of Education (OK sa DepEd) which aims to create

awareness on the ill effects of abusing drugs and to develop

among student’s positive behavior and life skills to resist

drugs. Relative to NDEP is the Comprehensive Tobacco Control

Program which aims to promote a healthy environment in and

around the premises of schools and DepEd offices.

(Administrative Assistant III, 2022)

ADORE (Anti-Illegal Drugs Operation through

Reinforcement & Education)

 The chief of the Philippine National Police announced

changes in strategy in the latest iteration of the Duterte

administration's flagship war on drugs including a "multi-

faceted reinforcement and education-based strategy" to end

the Duterte administration. Dubbed 'ADORE' or the Anti-

Illegal Drugs Operation through Reinforcement & Education,

the latest shift in the anti-illegal narcotics campaign

comes in collaboration with the DOH, the Philippine Drug

Enforcement Agency, Department of Social Welfare and

Development and the policy-making Dangerous Drugs Board. "We

would like to have the endgame strategy for this

administration by completing the 'Double Barrel' that we

started in 2016. This is a commitment of the Philippine

National Police that through reinforcement, rehabilitation,

recovery and wellness and reintegration of the more than 1.2

million that surrendered," Carlos said (Philstar.com, 2022)

The performance of the Philippine National Police

The people will know that it is something when the

Commission of Human Rights praise the PNP on their work,

The Commission on Human Rights (CHR) paid tribute to the

Philippine National Police (PNP) in its stand to preserve

the sanctity of life in the performance of its duty. It

said that PNP Chief Gen. Rodolfo Azurin Jr. had advised

policemen to be more “proactive” in going after criminals.

But, it said, Azurin had pointed out that while policemen

have the right to defend themselves when they are in

danger, they should never be the ones to instigate

violence or abuse.

It also said that Azurin pointed out that killing

criminals on the spot would only end their suffering at

that very instance. However, it’s a different story once

they are jailed, it said paraphrasing Azurin.

“The Commission affirms that law-breaking individuals

who are granted the opportunity to amend their offenses

and reform their ways are more likely to lead a crime-free

life and become productive members of society,” CHR

Executive Director Jacqueline Ann de Guia, a lawyer, said

in a statement. At the same time, the CHR extended a hand

of support to the PNP in the conduct of trainings, program

partnerships, or investigations that would help policemen

fulfill their duties with “human rights lens.” “As fellow

duty-bearers, CHR urges the security sector to impartially

uphold, at all times, the universal and constitutional

dignity of human life; inherent to which is the respect

for human rights,” De Guia said. (Czarina Nicole Ong Ki,

2022)

The Cabanatuan City Police Station was recognized as

the Best Component City Police Station in the country in the

year 2018, the PNP also recognized the mayor of the city,

Julius Cesar “Jay” Vergara of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

for the awards that the city police had reaped through the

years, including the current one. (Politiko, 2018). The city

also received award as one of the best police stations

nationwide in august 8, 2018 that takes place in Camp Crame

(Posted by the page City Government of Cabanatuan City,

2018) This proves that the Cabanatuan City Police Station is

one of the finest in terms of police service.

Illegal drugs and their effects

When people talk about the “opioid or drug crisis” they

usually mean illegal or street drugs. It’s not safe for

anyone to take illegal drugs because, depending on the drug,

they can have negative or unexpected effects on the mind and

body – and some of them can be the cause of accidental or

fatal overdose. Illegal drugs can be dangerous to anyone,

but they are particularly more dangerous on the hands of

young person, based on the website of drugfreecanada.org it

states that Illegal drugs can damage the brain, heart, and other

important organs.  They can affect our emotions and the way we

feel, they may cause people to do things they wouldn’t normally

do. While using drugs, a person is less able to do well in

school, sports, and other activities. It’s often harder to think

clearly and make good decisions for a person who is using drugs.

Depending on the drug, there may be long-term effects from using,

including substance use disorder and addiction. When people use

illegal-drugs they may do risky or dangerous things that could

hurt them or other people. A person of any age can accidentally

overdose when using drugs, whether they are someone experimenting

for the first time, or someone who is using street drugs

regularly.

There are lot of drugs, that are flooding the illegal

market in the Philippines but this illegal-drugs are the

most famous of them all, this are the drugs that most

Filipinos have access, the first one is Methamphetamine it

belongs to a group of drugs called amphetamine-type

stimulants. Like ecstasy, it is manufactured in illegal

laboratories and sold in powder, tablet or crystal form. It

could be swallowed, sniffed, smoked or injected. The UNODC

says meth produces a feeling of physical and mental

wellbeing, euphoria, and exhilaration. Users experience a

temporary boost in energy, often perceived to improve their

performance of manual or mental tasks, along with delayed

hunger and fatigue. At times, they become more aggressive

and violent. Over the short term, users tend to lose their

appetite, start to breathe faster, and sweat due to

increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Taking in large doses would make users feel restless and

irritable and could induce panic attacks. Taking in

excessive doses could result in convulsions, seizures, and

death from respiratory failure, stroke or heart failure.

Long-term use could also lead to malnutrition, weight loss,

and psychological dependence. Stopping its use results in a

long period of sleep, followed by depression. (Juzel

Danganan, December 2017)

Second one is Ecstasy goes around by the names E,

Snackies and New Yorkers. The drug, usually made in illegal

laboratories, consists of a range of substances that make it

dangerous to consume. It comes in the form of tablet, powder

or capsule and is usually swallowed, but could also be

snorted or injected. Ecstasy increases users’ empathy levels

and induces a feeling of closeness to people around them. It

makes them feel more sociable and energetic. Short-term use

of ecstasy prompts the body to ignore distress signals such

as dehydration, dizziness, and exhaustion, and interferes

with the body's ability to regulate temperature. It could

also severely damage the liver and kidneys and could cause

convulsions and heart failure. In large doses, ecstasy could

cause restlessness, anxiety and severe hallucinations. Long-

term use damages certain parts of the brain, bringing about

serious depression and memory loss. (Juzel Danganan,

December 2017)

Third one is Cannabis, a tobacco-like greenish or

brownish substance made of dried flowering tops and leaves

of the cannabis plant, is usually smoked, but its resin and

oil could also be swallowed or brewed in tea. According to

the UNODC, cannabis smoke contains 50 percent more tar than

high-tar cigarettes, putting users at an increased risk of

lung cancer and other respiratory diseases. After taking

cannabis, users feel relaxed and sometimes euphoric, with an

intensified sense of sight, smell, taste, and hearing.

Short-term use makes them experience increased appetite and

pulse rate, and an impaired ability to perform physical and

mental tasks, such as driving a car and thinking logically.

With large doses, users’ thinking slows down and they become
confused and have bouts of anxiety, panic, and psychotic

episodes. (Juzel Danganan, December 2017)

And the last one is Cocaine also known as Crack,

Bazooka, Blanche, Cake, Coke or Lady. It is a fine white or

off-white powder extracted from the leaves of the coca

plant. The UNODC said that on the street, cocaine is diluted

with other substances, such as ammonia or sodium bicarbonate

(baking soda), to increase its quantity and produce crack.

Cocaine is usually sniffed or injected, while crack is

usually smoked. After snorting cocaine, users feel

exhilarated and euphoric, leading to increased energy levels

and alertness, along with delayed hunger and fatigue. Short-

term use results in loss of appetite, faster breathing,

increased body temperature and heart rate. Users may act

strangely, erratically and at times violently. (Juzel

Danganan, December 2017)

Drug Problems in the Philippines

In the Philippines drug war, questions remain about

whether there are actually three million drug users in the

country – and whether they are addicts. If true, drug users

would represent 3% of the nation’s population – even higher

than Thailand’s 1.8% (based on a recent estimate of 1.2

million), or Indonesia’s 1.8% based on an official (but

questionable) estimate of 4.5 million.

The official statistics show a much lower figure. In

2015, the Philippine Dangerous Drugs Board estimated a total

of 1.8 million drug users. Of this number, 859,150 were

thought to be users of shabu or crystal methamphetamine –

the drug of particular concern in the country. (Gideon

Lasco, 2016)

Anti-Drug Campaign

The Philippine National Police will focus on prevention

and education in their reloaded war against drugs, PNP

Officer-in-charge Lt. Gen. Vicente Danao Jr. said. "The PNP

will be relentless and this will be a no let-up campaign on

the war on drugs," Danao said. He assured the public that

under a new administration, the police will remain steadfast

in its campaign against illegal drugs.

"We would like to enhance and revive our clear program,

where you can see drug abuse education and rehabilitation,"

Danao said. "This is already a law implemented before the

previous administrations. So we would like to revive that

because that is more of the prevention and education, to

prevent the children or have them saying no to drugs, yes to

God and yes to sports." "So if we can pull them or tug them

in the right direction, especially the victims of these

illegal drugs, then our focus will be there rather than on

the solution itself. As I said, the war on drugs continues

even up to the upcoming administration," Danao added.

Earlier, PNP director for operations Maj. Gen.

Valeriano De Leon instructed police commanders to continue

their aggressive anti-drug campaign even as President

Duterte prepares to step down on June 30. De Leon said that

they had developed a new strategy to prevent illegal drug

syndicates from having the opportunity to continue their

illegal operations. He said that aggressive operations and

law enforcement will be backed by an equally aggressive

information drive and education campaign especially for the

students, who are being targeted by illegal drug syndicates.

(Manila Times, Francis Earl Cueto, 2022)

Performance of Philippine National Police in Anti-Drug

Campaign
 Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

Secretary Eduardo M. Año today said that the Philippine

National Police’s (PNP) firm commitment and implementation

of its anti-illegal drugs campaign, crime rate reduction

measures, and internal cleansing efforts are key foundation

and contributions of the Department to the Duterte Legacy.

Año said that the PNP, as one of the attached agencies of

the DILG, has been active in its peace and order campaign

especially its anti-illegal drugs initiatives which has led

to more than P88.83-billion worth of confiscated drugs,

shabu, controlled precursors and essential chemical, and

laboratory equipment from July 2016 to March 2022.

The DILG Chief said that in the course of six years

under the Duterte administration, 336,796 individuals linked

to illegal drugs were arrested through more than 230,000

anti-illegal drugs operations conducted nationwide. Among

these, 14,888 high value targets were likewise imprisoned.

He added that 4,307 children aged four to 17 who were

involved in illegal drugs were rescued and 1,053 government

workers were arrested in anti-illegal drugs operations

across the country.

 In coordination with the Philippine Drug Enforcement

Agency (PDEA), the PNP has seized 11,788.33 kgs. of shabu;

10,157.27 kgs. of marijuana dried leaves; 163,295 pieces of

ecstasy; and, 530.24 kgs. of cocaine while a total of 1,111

drug dens and clandestine laboratories have likewise been

dismantled in the past six years. Moreover, some 24,766

barangays have been declared drug-free as a result of the

collaborative efforts of the PNP, LGUs and other agencies.

(DILG, 2022)

Conceptual Framework
 DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

PERFORMANCE OF THE PHILIPPINE

ANTI-DRUG CAMPAIGN
NATIONAL POLICE

EFFECTIVENESS OF PNP on ANTI-

ILLEGAL DRUG CAMPAIGN

- Personnel

- Management

- Logistics PERFORMANCE LEVEL

- Very High Performance

- High Performance

- Moderate Performance

- Low Performance

- Very Low Performance

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aimed to determine the Performance

of the Philippine National Police in the implementation of

anti-illegal drug program in Cabanatuan City Police Station.

Specifically, this also aimed to answer the following

question:

1.What are the socio-demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of their:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Educational attainment

1.4 Rank

1.5 Year of service?

2. How may the Levels of performance on the

effectiveness of Philippine National Police with their anti-

Illegal drug campaign be describe in terms of:

2.1 Personnel

2.2 Management

2.3 Logistics
3. What is the progress in their anti- illegal drug

operation in terms of:

3.1 Number of people arrested because of using or

selling illegal drugs in Cabanatuan City?

Scope and Delimitation

The scope defines what will be included in the study

and delimitations of the study are those factors that will

be excluded from the research. This can include anything

from the geographical area that will be covered by the study

to the specific population that will be included. 

The participants of the study were the Philippine

National Police (PNP) In the Cabanatuan City Police Station

in the Province Nueva Ecija. It involves some personnel who

play a part in anti-illegal drug operations. This study will

be conducted in the January 2023 to May 2023.

Significance of the Study

The study on the performance of the Philippine National

Police in the Anti-Drug campaign would be beneficial to the

following:
 To the PNP, as an organization to provide them a clear

perspective on their performance as an organization

specifically on the Anti-Drug Campaign, the PNP can use this

study to do further improvements on their operation.

To Cabanatuan City Police Station personnel for they will

have sufficient knowledge in conducting drug related

operation without encountering problems and it would be

easier to them when conducting operations.

To the community members in Cabanatuan City Police

Station for they will be given ideas when encountering such

problems related in anti- illegal drug operation and they

will be aware and prepared with regards to that issue.

To the Criminology students, the results of this study

will enable them to improve the skills and strategies with

regards to drug related operations.

To the present researchers, the result of this study will

help them to apply the knowledge they have learned in

connection to their field of study which includes police

service.

To the future researchers, it would contribute new knowledge

and would serve as a major breakthrough for further study on

this area.
Definition of Terms

War on Drugs. The Philippine drug war, known as the War on

Drugs, is the intensified anti-drug campaign of the

administration of President Rodrigo Duterte, who served

office from June 30, 2016 to June 30, 2022.

Drug related crimes. These are crimes that result from or

involve individuals who ingest drugs, and who commit crimes

as a result of the effect the drug has on their thought

processes and behavior.

Illegal Drugs. A drug is a substance that affects the way

the body functions. If a drug is classified as 'illegal',

this means that it is forbidden by law.

Philippine National Police. the PNP-DEG shall have the

following functions: Conduct all-out and sustained

operations against national and international syndicates and

personalities engaged in production, importation, and

trafficking of illegal drugs, in support to the Philippine

Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

Former President Rodrigo Duterte. started a nationwide

campaign to reduce crime, including corruption and the

illegal drug trade. He implemented a crackdown on illegal

drugs, which significantly reduced drug proliferation in the

country but caused the deaths of about 6,600 persons linked

to the illegal drugs trade as of July 2019, attracting

international criticism.
 CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

Research Method and Design

The focus of this chapter is the sources of data,

locale of the study, participants of the study, sampling

technique, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment

and the research instrument that will be use upon conducting

the research.

This study will focus on the descriptive method of

research. This method is necessary to be use since such

method describes the nature of the phenomenon under

investigation that may be conduct about on the performance

of Philippine National Police in the Anti-Drug Campaign. In

this study of drug-related operation the progress of the PNP

personnel determine through a survey questionnaire.

Research Locale

The information will be gathered from the police

station in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija.

It prides itself as the "Tricycle Capital of the

Philippines" and its strategic location along the Cagayan

Valley Road has made the city a major economic, educational,

medical, entertainment and transportation center in Nueva

Ecija and nearby provinces in the region such as Aurora and

Bulacan. The respondents will be given a questionnaire that

they will answer on the spot or the researcher can return

after the respondents answer the questionnaire, all the

respondents must be personnel of Cabanatuan City Police

Station. The researcher selects the respondents because it

is

the nearest police station that has the personnel that can

answer the said questionnaire. The study will be conducted

in second semester of school year 2022-2023.

 CABANATUAN CITY POLICE STATION

FIGURE 2. Cabanatuan City Police Station exact location.

Samples and Sampling Technique

The researcher will use the total enumeration of Police

Officers that are in the field of illegal drug campaign in

Cabanatuan City Police Station.

Instrument Used

Survey Questionnaire will be used as primary source of

data gathering in the profile of police personnel in the

Police Station in Cabanatuan City Police Station. The same

survey questionnaire has been used by Charlene Lanzaga on

her study entitled “PERFORMANCE OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL

POLICE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF " OPLAN TOKHANG " IN 6th DISTRICT

PROVINCE OF CAVITE”. Part I of the instrument is the socio-

demographic profile of the respondent. Part II of this

instrument is all about the effectiveness of the drug-

related operation of the PNP personnel and Part III is all

about the progress in their Anti- Illegal Drug Operations.

The researcher will also use secondary data for the

people who are arrested in Anti-Drug campaign, and it will

be provided by the police station.

The types of questionnaires that the researcher will

utilize in this study is:

1. Likert scale, A type of psychometric response scale

in which responders specify their level of agreement to a

statement typically in five points.

In this study, the questionnaire has a 5-point Likert

scale the given choices are the given choices: strongly

agree, agree, moderately agree, disagree, and strongly

disagree.
 DATA ANALYSIS VIRTUAL QUALITATIVE
PARAMETER INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

5 (4.50 – 5.00) STRONGLY AGREE VERY HIGH

PERFORMANCE

4 (3.50 – 4.49) AGREE HIGH PERFORMANCE

3 (2.50 – 3.49) MODERATELY AGREE MODERATE

PERFORMANCE
2 (1.50 – 2.49) DISAGREE LOW PERFORMANCE

1 (1.00 – 1.49) STRONGLY DISAGREE VERY LOW

PERFORMANCE

Table 1. Scale used for interpretation

Table 1 represents the data analysis parameter, verbal

interpretation, and qualitative description of the 5-point
Likert scale in the questionnaire

Data Analysis

The survey questionnaire will be used to collect the

data, on first part is the socio-demographic of the

respondents, the second part of the survey questionnaire is

about the problems encountered by the Philippine National

Police in the implementation of Anti-Illegal Drug campaign,

the third part will gain the data about effectiveness of the

organization of PNP in their Anti-illegal Drug campaign and

the last part is about the progress in their Anti-Illegal

Drug operation.

Descriptive statistics is use to analyze continuous and

categorical data. This was presented in form of frequencies

and percentages. The respondents were asked to rate the

questions from 1 to 5, where five is the highest, and choose

the best answer that fits their category. The data collected

will be analyzed statistically in order to answer the

questions raised in the study.

To describe the relationship among the age and year of

service of the respondents with the level of their

performance with their Anti-Illegal Drug Campaign, the

researchers will use Pearson's Moment of Correlation.

 CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents, interprets and analyzes the

results of the study covering the profile of the PNP

personnels, Levels of performance on the effectiveness of

Philippine National Police with their anti-Illegal drug

campaign be describe, and the progress of their anti-illegal

drug campaign in the Philippines in terms of number of

arrested drug personality.

Socio-demographic profile of the respondents

1.1 Age

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

22-25 2 20%
26-28 4 40%
29-31 1 10%
32-35 2 20%
Total 10 100%

1.2 Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 10 100%

Female 0 0%

Total 10 100%
1.3 Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percentage %

Attainment

College Graduate 7 70%

Master’s Degree 2 20%

Doctorate Degree 1 10%

Total 10 100%

1.4 Rank

Rank Frequency Percentage%

Non-Commission 9 90%

Officer

Commission Officer 1 10%

Total 10 100%

1.5 Year of Service

Year of Service Frequency Percentage%

1-5 5 50%

6-10 4 40%

11-15 1 10%

Total 10 100%
Levels of performance on the effectiveness of Philippine National

Police with their anti-illegal drug campaign

Problems Encountered by the Philippine National Police (PNP) in

the Implementation of Anti-Illegal Drug Program

2.1 PERSONNEL Mean Virtual Rank

Interpretation
Police departments operate as 4.20 Agree 5
entities unto themselves, with
few collaborative links to the
community.
Officers who are fast, efficient 5.00 Strongly Agree 1.5
and productive are largely
considered to be the top
performers.
Service-oriented metrics - such 4.80 Strongly Agree 3
as assistance rendered, safety
and education talks, neighborhood
and business checks, and other
community-oriented activities can
be included and encouraged in
performance measures.
Encourage greater community 5.00 Strongly Agree 1.5
engagement to help bridge the
all-too-apparent gap between cops
and communities.
Police departments perform a wide 4.70 Strongly Agree 4
range of tasks, and they may do
some things better than others.
2.2 MANAGEMENT Mean Virtual Rank
Interpretation
Planning is 4.00 Agree 5
narrow in its
focus and
centers on
internal
operations such
as policies,
procedures,
rules, and
regulations.
The most 5.00 Strongly Agree 1.5
effective way
of undertaking
the drug
problem
involves a
comprehensive,
balanced and
coordinated
approach, that
addresses both
supply control
and demand
reduction,
which reinforce
each other,
together with
the appropriate
application of
the principle
of shared
responsibility.
Extensive 4.80 Strongly Agree 3
efforts are
being carried
out by
Governments and
non
governmental
organization to
suppress the
illicit
production,
 trafficking and
distribution of
drugs. 
Drug demand 5.00 Strongly Agree 1.5
reduction
should include
a wide variety
of appropriate
interventions;
promote health
and social
well-being
among
individuals,
families and
communities.
Management uses 4.20 Agree 4
an
authoritative
style and
adheres to the
military model
of command and
control.

2.3 LOGISTICS Mean Virtual Rank

 Interpretation
Provide transportation 5.00 Strongly Agree
services in support to
operational as well as
administrative activities
of the Philippine National
Police.
Undertake effective 4.40 Agree
supervision control
through accounting and
monitoring of PNP
supplies and equipment.
Provide logistical 5.00 Strongly Agree
support and services to
all units of the
Philippine National
Police.
Conduct procurement, 4.00 Agree
storage, inventory,
distribution and
disposal of Philippine
National Police Supplies
and Equipment.
Undertake maintenance of 4.50 Strongly Agree
PNP vehicles, armaments
and other equipment.

Progress in Their Anti-Illegal Drug Operation

 Weighted Mean Virtual Rank
Interpretation
There is decreased of 5.00 Strongly Agree 1
persons who are using
illegal drugs.
There is an increased 1.00 Strongly 5
of drug users. Disagree
Pushers of illegal 4.20 Agree 3
drugs in the locality
are now laid low.
There is a positive 4.00 Agree 4
impact of the
community with regards
to the campaign
against illegal drugs.
The campaign of 4.90 Strongly Agree 2
illegal drugs is
successful.

3.1 Drug cases in the Philippines from the year 2022

Drug cases Frequency Percentage

Resolved Cases 25,306 55%
Unresolved Cases 4,194 9%
Result to Conviction 21,112 46%
Total of Drug cases 45,850 100%
 Number of persons with deprived liberty (PDL)
with drug cases in the Philippines as of June
30, 2022, by regionNumber of persons with de-
prived liberty (PDL) with drug cases in the
Philippines as of June 30, 2022, by region

BARMM

CAR

MIMAROPA

CARAGA

Region VIII

Region II

Region I

Region V

Region XII

Region IX

Region X

Region VI

Region XI

Region III

Region VII

CALABARZON

NCR

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Number of PDL with drug cases

 CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Problem 1

1.What are the socio-demographic profile of the respondents

in terms of their Age, Gender, Educational attainment, Rank,

Year of service?

The majority of the respondents are 26-28 which is 40%,

followed by the age 22-25 and 32-35 which is both 20% and

the age bracket of 29-31 which is lowest percentage of the

respondents. It also shows that 100% of the respondents are

male. Majority of the respondents are college graduate to be

followed by 2 masteral’s degree holder which is 20% and

lastly only one of the respondents are doctorate degree

which is 10%. 90% of the respondents are Non-Commissioned

officer and only 10% is commissioned officer. Half of the

respondents are only in service of 1-5 years which is 50%,

to be followed by 6-10 years of service which is 40% and

lastly 10% of the respondent is on service for a tenure of

11-15 years.
Problem 2

How may the Levels of performance on the effectiveness

of Philippine National Police with their anti-Illegal drug

campaign be describe in terms of Personnel, Management, and

Logistics?

2.1 Personnel

The researcher finds out that Police departments

operate as entities unto themselves, with few collaborative

links to the community which is agreed by the respondents

with the weighted mean 4.20, Officers who are fast,

efficient and productive are largely considered to be the

top performers shows that all respondents strongly agreed

has a weighted mean of 5.00, service-oriented metrics – such

as assistance rendered, safety and education talks,

neighborhood and business checks, and other community-

oriented activities can be included and encouraged in

performance measures which has 4.80 weighted mean, encourage

greater community engagement to help bridge the all-too-

apparent gap between cops and communities has 5.00 weighted

mean, and lastly police departments perform a wide range of

tasks, and they may do some things better than others which

has 4.70 weighted mean.

2.2 Management

The researcher finds out that, Planning is narrow in

its focus and centers on internal operations such as

policies, procedures, rules, and regulations which has 4.00

weighted mean, followed by The most effective way of

undertaking the drug problem involves a comprehensive,

balanced and coordinated approach, that addresses both

supply control and demand reduction, which reinforce each

other, together with the appropriate application of the

principle of shared responsibility which has 5.00 weighted

mean, extensive efforts are being carried out by the

government and non governmental organization to suppress the

illicit production, trafficking and distribution of drugs

which has 4.80 weighted mean, Drug demand reduction should

include a wide variety of appropriate interventions; promote

health and social well-being among individuals, families and

communities which has also 5.00 weighted mean, and lastly

management uses an authoritative style and adheres to the

military model of command and control which has 4.20

weighted mean.
2.3 Logistics

The researcher finds out that logistics office provides

transportation services in support to operational as well as

administrative activities of the Philippine National Police

with the weighted mean of 5.00, followed by Undertake

effective supervision control through accounting and

monitoring of PNP supplies and equipment which was weighted

mean of 4.40, Provide logistical support and services to all

units of the Philippine National Police which has 5.00,

Conduct procurement, storage, inventory, distribution and

disposal of Philippine National Police Supplies and

Equipment which has 4.00 weighted mean and lastly Undertake

maintenance of PNP vehicles, armaments and other equipment

which has 4.50 weighted mean.

Conclusion

Based on the indicated findings, the following conclusions

were drawn:

1. The majority of the respondents are 26-28 because

they are the one who has the capability of being agile in

conducting drug bust operation, all of them are male

officers because of the same reason that male are more

capable of doing drug bust operation and it’s dangerous for

female police officers. All of them are college graduate

which is 2 of them are masteral’s degree holders and 1 of

them are doctorate degree holder. Lastly most of the

respondents are non-commissioned officer because they are

the one who are given this hard task and 1 commissioned

officer which leads the anti-illegal drug campaign.

2. The findings show that, the help of community

relation in the conducting of anti-illegal drug campaign is

crucial because it helps the personnel to do their job

efficiently.
 3. The data show’s that based on the answer of the

respondents, having a great management will help to be more

effective on their doing their job.

4. The PNP personnel and the data says that the, PNP

personnel needs the right and effective tools to do their

job, it can be transporting vehicles, armaments that can be

use in the operation or giving them the right issued

equipment.
Recommendation

1. The Philippine National Police can improve their

personnel by adding agents that are in the field of anti-
illegal drug campaign, in this way, it can boost the
strength of the personnel by having a right amount of
manpower.

2. The community relation operation conducted by the

PNP must be strengthen and gain the trust of the community
to help them fight the cancer of illegal drugs that flooding
the country.

3. The PNP may find studies that can help them improve
their management and helps the troops to have more effective
and efficient way of approach on conducting anti-illegal
drug campaign, such as intervention programs, and right
education for the young people residing here in the
Philippines.

4. Give the PNP personnel the right amount and

equipment that can be used in conducting illegal drug
campaign, it can be in a form of, arms, uniforms, and
vehicles that may help them to be more effective.
 Manuel V. Gallego Foundation Colleges Inc.
Zulueta St. 3100
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Name: _______________________ (Optional) Age: ____

Sex: ________
Educational Attainment:
___________________________________________
Rank: _________________________ Years of Service:
______________

Instruction: The followings are the problems encountered by

the PNP. Rate your own answers by putting a check ( /) on
the number that fell best describe how they act towards you.
Level of Awareness
5–Strongly Agree
4– Agree
3–Moderately Agree
2– Disagree
1–Strongly Disagree

Part I: Effectiveness of Philippine National Police (PNP) in

their Anti-illegal Drug Operation

Part 1.1 Personnel

Statement SA A MA D SD
1. Police departments operate as
entities unto themselves, with
few collaborative links to the
community.
2. Officers who are fast, efficient
and productive are largely
considered to be the top
performers.
3. Service-oriented metrics - such
 as assistance rendered, safety
and education talks,
neighborhood and business
checks, and other community-
oriented activities can be
included and encouraged in
performance measures.
4. Encourage greater community
engagement to help bridge the
all-too-apparent gap between
cops and communities.
5. Police departments perform a
wide range of tasks, and they
may do some things better than
others.

Part 1.2 Management

Statement SA A MA D SD
1. Planning is narrow in its focus and
centers on internal operations such
as policies, procedures, rules, and
regulations.
2. The most effective way of
undertaking the drug problem
involves a comprehensive, balanced
and coordinated approach, that
addresses both supply control and
demand reduction, which reinforce
each other, together with the
appropriate application of the
principle of shared responsibility.
3. Extensive efforts are being carried
out by Governments and non
governmental organization to
suppress the illicit production,
trafficking and distribution of
drugs. 
 4. Drug demand reduction should include
a wide variety of appropriate
interventions; promote health and
social well-being among individuals,
families and communities.
5. Management uses an authoritative
style and adheres to the military
model of command and control.

Part 1.3 Logistics

Statement SA A MA D SD
1. Provide transportation services
in support to operational as
well as administrative
activities of the Philippine
National Police.
2. Undertake effective supervision
control through accounting and
monitoring of PNP supplies and
equipment.
3. Provide logistical support and
services to all units of the
Philippine National Police.
1. Conduct procurement, storage,
inventory, distribution and
disposal of Philippine National
Police Supplies and Equipment.
5.Undertake maintenance of PNP
vehicles, armaments and other
equipment.

Part II: Progress in Their Anti-Illegal Drug Operation.

Statement SA A MA D SD
1. There is decreased of persons
who are using illegal drugs.
2. There is an increased of drug
users.
3. Pushers of illegal drugs in the
locality are now laid low.
4. There is a positive impact of
 the community with regards to
the campaign against illegal
drugs.
5. The campaign of illegal drugs
is successful.

(https://www.academia.edu/35305453/

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