DNA and RNA

•
DNA ldeoxribonuele.ie acid ) is used to store
genetic information -
the instructions needed to
grow and
your
develop from a fertilised
egg
to a
fully grown adult
RNA ( rib transfer information from DNA ( in
nucleic acids is used to
genetic the the nucleus) to the ribosomes
•
.

made : RNA
•
In ribosomes ,
proteins are
they read the to make
proteins ( polypeptides) in a
process

called translation .

RNA of nucleotides
#
DNA and are
polymers
•
A nucleotide made of ( with 5 atoms)
is
up
a
pentose sugar sugar carbon ,
a
nitrogen -

containing organic
( contains carbon ) base '
and a phosphate group .

te nitrogen
whatisthestructureofpolynvcleoti.de
containing Nucleotides form
.
join together to
polynueleotide strands .

between
.
Nucleotides join up via a condensation reaction

sugar the phosphate group

of one nucleotide and the
sugar of

another .

so¥e .
A phosphodiester bond consists of the phosphate group and

①
two ester bonds .

of double helix forms

jahepbsind? sugar phosphate
. the DNA a -

③
.
DNA has a double -
helix structure
/
.

Tester

↳
bond . DNA molecules are
really long and are

coiled lot of
up very tightly . so a

µ information fit into a

genetic
can
/

tghiogssfgIf@gyg.thefe.areadenq.ne
small space in the cell nucleus .

possible bases :

-
T -

thymine
sugar C cytosine
-
-

phosphate
backbone G -

guanine

comp-lementarybasepaipolyring.IN
DNA ,
the two nucleotide strands are held
together by hydrogen
bonds between two bases .

•
Adenine always pairs with thymine .
LET ) £4 IT
G)
Guanine
always pairs with cytosine
•
.
CC

⇐ ↳
Acronym :
A pk Iurns
.

=
Google crazy =

The strands antiparallel

two
polynucleotide
•

are -

they run in opposite directions .

Due to base A- % -1% ,C% G %

pairing
•
: = =

↳ hydrogen
bonds µ
.

30%
Usually ,

adenine
cytosine makes
makes
up 30% ; guanine makes
up
,
up
20% and
thymine makes up

20% .
R¥①%
RNA acts as a
messenger molecule it
helps transfer information from DNA to ribosomes to
•
-

mRNA
make proteins and to other
proteins .
←
only
Like DNA RNA also made of
is
poly nucleotide
it is
polymer nucleotide
•
a a monomers
up
. -
.

whatisthedifferenceinstructurebet-weenDNAandRNA.si
Unlike DNA RNA is composed of only one nucleotide chain it stranded
poly single
,
- is .

RNA most
strands are much shorter than DNA polynudeotid.es
.
.

• The
pentose sugar in RNA nucleotides is a

( not
ribose
sugar deoxy ribose) .

The bases
nitrogen containing organic are
• -

(G) , adenine (A) (c) and

guanine ,
cytosine
uracil CD . Uracil replaces thymine .

with adenine RNA

Uracil
always pairs in
•
.

PvrinevsPyrimidinebase°
Guanine and adenine are purine bases ( two -

(
rings) large
carbon ones )
.

Cytosine and uracil (

thymine in DNA ) are
pyrimidine whodiscoveredDN.AT#
bases ( carbon
one -

rings .

•
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered

the structure of DNA and their model of the DNA

double helix .

DovbtsofDNAy°
DNA is first observed in 1800 , but lots of scientists

doubted
carry genetic
it could code due to its

simple chemistry composition .

Some information must be

•

argued that genetic

carried
by proteins which ,
are more
chemically
varied .