MULTIMODAL

TRANSPORTATION

ASSIGNMENT 2
TRANSITMENT
Lecture: Tran Thi Ngoc Duy
Member:
Nguyen Ho Mai Anh
Phan Minh Chau
Nguyen Thi Mai Linh
Nguyen Phuong Nhi
Tran Quang Hoai Thu
Doan Thi Tuong Vy
 I. Hub Port
Contents 1. Asian Hub Port
2. European Hub Port
3. American Hub Port
4. African Hub Port
II. Canal
1. Panama and Suez
2. Plingu Canal
ASIAN
HUB PORTS
 Background information

Asia, located at the center of the world, is

focusing on infrastructure development at
transshipment ports due to Covid-19
pandemic disruptions and e-commerce
spending.

Typic trade aggreement: ASEAN and Eurasian

Ministry of Economic Affairs facilitate trade
between Asian and European countries, reducing
tariffs and simplifying customs processes, while
promoting consistency in port regulations.
 Located in East China,
At the mouth of the Yangtze River,
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Connecting mainland China with
international markets

Shanghai Port’s container routes cover over OUTSTANDING

700 ports in more than 200 countries and DEVELOPMENT
regions, with over 320 weekly deliveries. FEATURES

The container throughput of Shanghai Port

IMPORTANCE IN
reached 49 million TEUs in 2023, ranking
MARITIME TRANSPORT
first globally for 14 consecutive years

Growth of
contemporary CONTRIBUTION
art and culture
 Located in Southeast Asia,
GEOGRAPHIC
on the Strait of Malacca,
LOCATION
connecting the Indian and Pacific Oceans

OUTSTANDING The 2nd largest container port in the world

DEVELOPMENT with 600 ports in 123 countries through
FEATURES about 20% of the world's containers

In 2021 reached 37.5 million TEU,

IMPORTANCE IN
Average of 130,000 ships per year
MARITIME TRANSPORT
20% ​o f global container goods
transshipment

5,000 maritime companies

CONTRIBUTION 130 international shipping
corporations
 MARITIME ROUTES
ASIA - EROUPE AFRICA - ASIA

Greece - Malaysia - South Korea - China - Turkey

South Africa - Malaysia - China
Freighter Voyage from Piraeus/ Greece
Freighter Voyage from Cape Town
to Malaysia, China and back to Europe
to Shanghai and Beijing
EUROUPEAN
HUB PORTS
Background information

One of the important gateways, affecting trade

activities and transportation of goods between
countries and continents.

Europe is advancing towards a green

transformation, focusing on hydrogen
production and reducing dependence on
Russian energy.

In Europe, there are more than 1,200 seaports

evenly distributed in all territorial regions

The EU is establishing a unified shipping

regulations system, while the Baltic and
International Maritime Council promotes
commercial cooperation through maritime
transport terms and contract standards
Largest general port in the world

Rotterdam City, Netherlands, in Northwest

Europe
North and West borders: the North Sea
East border: Germany
South border: Belgium

From 1992 to 2004: the leading general and

container port
2009: surpassed by Shanghai port and Singapore
in terms of containers, low ranked among top 10
world-class container ports
Now: leading general port & top 10 container port
in the world
 MARITIME ROUTES
ASIA - EROUPE TRANS - ATLANTIC

From Asian ports to From North America to

Rotterdam via East Sea and Rotterdam via the Atlantic
Suez Canal Ocean
 MARITIME ROUTES
BALTIC MEDITERRANEAN

from Baltic ports to Rotterdam via from Mediterranean ports to

the Straight of Gibraltar and North Rotterdam via the Straight of Gibraltar
sea and North sea
CONTRIBUTION
Currently accounts for 36% of of goods
circulating by sea into Europe

Goods stored at ELCs do not have to pay

import taxes or go through customs
procedures

Subdivisions => helps increase

containerized cargo transportation, create
port-related jobs, and reduce transit time at
low costs

Cargo throughput: ~438M tonnes of freight

per year. Total cargo throughput in 2023
amounted to 438.8M tonnes
The merger of ports of Antwerp and
Bruges, Belgium, in Northwest Europe
North border: Netherlands
West border: the North Sea
East border: Germany
South border: France

Feb 2021, announced to unifying the port of

Antwerp and the port of Zeebrugge
April 2022, Belgium's two largest ports were
merged into one
Since then, the added value of nearly 21B EUR
(4.5% of Belgium's GDP)
 MARITIME ROUTES
TRANS - ATLANTICS NORDIC

Connect Eroupe with North Ships from Nordic ports (ex; Hamburg,
America. Ships from North America Germany) arrive at Antwerp, accross
reach Antwerp, across the Atlantic the North Sea
 MARITIME ROUTES

MEDITERRANEAN

Connect European ports with

Mediterranean ones (Barcelona
and Alexandria, etc) through
the Mediterranean Sea and the
Strait of Gibraltar
 VN - DENMARK
MARITIME ROUTES
Port of
Antwerp

Cat Lai Port -> Strait of Malacca -> Suez

Canal -> Port of Antwerp -> Denmark
CONTRIBUTION
Europe's largest export port

In 2012, Handled 14,220 sea trade ships

(190.8M tons of cargo, 53.6% in containers),
57,044 inland barges (123.2M tons of cargo)

Offer liner services to 800 different

maritime destinations

Europe's largest export port, with 147

million tons of goods exported from the
port each year
AMERICAN
HUB PORTS
Seaports often have wharves that can handle
heavy loads and are deep enough to receive large
ship.
Transshipment ports in the Americas often have
developed inland transportation networks to
connect ports with production and consumption
areas
Transmission ports in the Americas often apply
information technology and modern
management systems to monitor and manage th

US - Canada - Mexico Agreement (USMCA):

includes regulations on the transport of goods,
improves customs procedures and promotes
cooperation between the two countries'
transshipment ports.
The Port of Los Angeles is located on San
Pedro Bay in the western state of California. It
holds a strategic position, handling the
majority of trans-Pacific commercial
transactions.

Number of vessels handled: 1867

Annual cargo tonnage: 178 million revenue
tons
Annual cargo value: $276 billion
The Port of Long Beach, located less than 30 km
from the Port of Los Angeles, is one of the largest
trade gateways between Asia and North
America. It was one of the first ports to
implement environmentally friendly policies to
reduce its impact on the environment through
measures such as the Green Port Policy.

The annual trade volume of the Port of Long

Beach reaches $180 billion, equivalent to 4.7
million TEUs, making it the 21st busiest port in the
world.
Annual cargo tonnage: 78.2 million revenue tons
Annual container value: $180 billion
 MARITIME ROUTES
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE PACIFIC OCEAN

From Jakarta (Indonesia) across the Indian Ships run East, through the Philippines, across
Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope then across the Pacific Ocean to reach the US.
the Atlantic Ocean to America.

=> The trans-Pacific route brings the highest economic benefits, and the weather along this route is also often good
and stable. It also provides quick access to southern and eastern US ports as ships pass through the Panama Canal.
AFRICA
PORTS
Special Characteristics
It's the busiest port in Africa. It's also the fourth
busiest port in the entire hemisphere with at least
59 ports.

Position
Situated on the east coast of South Africa, is bordered
by the Umgeni River, which serves as its northern
border.
Contribution
Handling over 60% of the cargo volume for the entire
South Africa
Port serves as a hub for connecting vital sea routes,
linking Africa to other global regions such as Europe
and Asia
SUEZ
CANAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Suez Canal is the first artificial waterway in
human history

Make it the shortest route between East and

West as compared with the Cape of Good
Hope

It is the longest canal without locks in the

world and is navigable 24 hours a day. The
uniqueness lies in the absence of gateways
 DIMENSION:
193 km long Depth of 11
310 m wide metres

THE SIZE OF VESSEL

THAT CAN TRANSIT

400 m long 19,000 TEUs

77.5 m wide DWT : 240 000
The sea route from Vietnam involves
ships passing through Singapore,
Malacca, Sri Lanka, Red Sea,
Mediterranean, Gibralta Strait, Atlantic,
Americas, and vice versa.

The ship will traverse 11,600 nautical

miles, crossing the East Pacific coast,
Indian Ocean north, Red Sea,
Mediterranean, and Atlantic Ocean.
PANAMA
CANAL
CHARACTERISTICS
The Panama Canal is considered one of the
seven wonders of the world in the 20th century

Using the Panama Canal to pass through the

Pacific and Atlantic oceans from the United
States

The Panama Canal, used by 13-14 thousand

vessels annually, reduces shipping distance by
15,000 km, accounting for 4% of world seaborne
trade.
 DIMENSION:

Depth of 14
80 to 82 km long
metres

THE SIZE OF VESSEL

THAT CAN TRANSIT

Length of 294 m 4,500 TEUs

32.3 m wide DWT : 240 000
The route from Vietnam eastwards passes
through the Philippines, Pacific Ocean, Panama
Canal, and Cuba, covering 10,850 nautical miles,
including a 26-meter hill crossing.

The ship will traverse 11,600 nautical miles,

crossing the East Pacific coast, Indian Ocean
north, Red Sea, Mediterranean, and Atlantic
Ocean.
 PASSING METHOD
Horizontal canal with a natural
Suez inflow of seawater on both sides

The canal uses "locks" and

surrounding lakes to make up Panama
the difference in elevation

March
HANDLING CARRIED
The Suez Canal has demonstrated
Suez its strengths in handling larger
vessels and higher volumes
There are around 16.000 ships
go through the canal each year. Panama
compare to SUEx canal, the
fees are much higher
 ABOUT MORE

Passing structure of the Panama Canal The Suez Canal is characterized by

its pointed bottom
PLINGU
CANAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Geographical location: stretches more than 134
kilometers from the Xijin Reservoir, near Guangxi's
capital Nanning, to the port of Qinzhou in the south.

Construction purpose: minimize trade

dependence on the West, and at the same
time promote trade cooperation with ASEAN
countries

Scale of operation: About 340 million cubic

meters of soil and rock ,the construction
process is being carried out 24/7 to meet the
2026 schedule
CHARACTERISTICS
Estimated achievement : shorten the distance of 560
km when moving from the inland river system to the
sea, save up to 5.2 billion yuan annually.

Disadvantage:
The canal's water supply is inadequate for
ASEAN production and Chinese imports
Costs and the environment, it may
negatively affect the ecosystem if there is
no specific plan as well as costs up to 10.3
billion USD in the context that this
country is facing a number of difficulties
economic concerns after the pandemic.