Presented by: Olivia Wilson

MEDITERRANIAN CENTRAL ASIA

-WEST ASIAN TRADE
COMPLEX TRADE COMPLEX

STRAIT OF MALACCA INDIAN OCEAN

-INDOCHINA TRADE TRADE COMPLEX
COMPLEX
 Mediterranean Sea
trade
-The Mediterranean Sea was vital for merchants and travelers of ancient
times because it allowed for easy trade and exchange of cultures and their
beliefs.
-The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded
by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land : north
of it is Anatolia and Europe, South of it is North Africa, and East is Levant
 What was the Mediterranean Sea
Lane?
-Helps to connect the areas around the Mediterranean Sea.
-Traders in the Mediterranean uses ships with square sails and oars, while
Indian Ocean sails were triangular sails and had no oars.
-Unlike trade along the silk road, Mediterranean trade was
made completely of middle men
 Technologies of the
Mediterranean Sea Lanes

Technologies of the Mediterranean Sea Lanes

Advances in navigation (geographical, astronomical,
and cosmographical advances)
Interaction between humans and the
environment
The Mediterranean Sea is quite
large, and on trade routes, multiple
stops were made at different
places, leading to settlement in and
migration towards these areas.
Also, the long journeys across the
sea aided in the technological
advances in regards to ships and
navigation
Development and Interaction of
cultures
Although trade routes were designed
for the exchange of goods and
materials they became a way to share
religion, ideas, languages, art,
science, and technology. Specifically
Alexander The Great’s spread of
Greek knowledge and ideas
throughout the Mediterranean region.
 State -building and forms of
government

While the Mediterranean is connected to many

civilizations, and has a variety of different forms of
government, the most notorious battles over
government in the region were the Punic Wars.
Roman Empire was considered to rule the trade
networks that went through the Mediterranean, but
had to fight against Carthage for full control.
 Creation, expansion, and interaction
of economic systems
Each society, empire, or civilizations that took part in the
trade network produced or had different materials or
goods, creating a system of supply and demand.Soon it
expanded, reaching all and around it, making it’s way into
Africa and connecting with the Silk Road to reach far east.
Ivory, spices, slaves, wine, weapons and many other
materials were traded, and expanded the economic system
of the Mediterranean Sea.
 Development and transformation of
social structures
As trade increased along the Mediterranean sea lanes, so
did demand. Increasing the need for a work force, or in
some societies, slaves. Social classes were created by
having a merchant class, a working class, slaves, and the
aristocratic class who owned the land or goods.
 PERIODIZATION

One time period that the Mediterranean Sea Trade takes

place during is the Byzantine Empire, which occurred from
the 4th C.£. to 1453. The Mediterranean Sea Trade allowed
Byzantine to Mourish because of its location on the
Mediterranean. Eurone thas tinket to the 107 hrouah the
Metlerranean Set. Trade between 600 C.&. and 1450.
 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE
-Friedrich Hegel said about the Mediterranean: "For the
three quarters of the globe, the Mediterranean Sea is
similarly the uniting element and the centre of World
History."

-The trade route lead to cultural diffusion and cross

cultural exchange. Specifically through Rome and Greece
trading with China and India.
-It was unique and had a larger importance because it
connected three continents; Africa, Asia, and Europe. Most
of the Western population was centered around
this trade route.

-It also allowed products of Asia to pass into Europe.

 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE
Large civilizations were able to flourish. It was a highway
for merchants from phoenicia, carthage, greece, sicily, and
rome (who called it Mare Nostrum). Rome had dominicane
during their golden age. The trade route led to a rivalry for
power and dominance. After Rome’s dominance, the
Byzantine empire and the Arabs had control.

-Along with opening trade and creating cultural diffusion,

it created conflicts and
tension between societies.
Central Trade Complex

The Central Asia region (CA) comprises the countries of

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
and Uzbekistan. It is a diverse region with a mix of upper
middle and low income countries with major strategic
importance due to their geographic location and natural
resource endowments.
 CENTRAL ASIA TRADE COMPLEX
The Central Asia Regional Trade activity, launched in FY
2013, is informing governments and stakeholders on
number of components of a successful trade- agenda in
the region, including analysis of outcomes and policies and
recommendations to make trade integration more effective.
 CENTRAL ASIA TRADE COMPLEX
However, the trade flows of Central Asia have an
important bearing on transportation challenges. Within
the region, distances are substantial and access to
major markets involves very long travel distances.
Facilitating cross-border trade in Central Asia
Throughout history, Central Asia benefitted from being
on the Silk Road, connecting East Asia to the Middle
East and Europe. Today, with its young and educated
population, natural resources and strategically
advantageous location, the region has immense
potential for economic development. Trade in
agricultural goods, in particular, offers a great many
opportunities for export to both regional and
international markets.
OBJECTIVE
Central Asian countries are successfully implementing
trade facilitation measures that improve crossborder trade.

APPROACH
We collaborate closely with partner institutions in the area
of economic development and trade, as well as customs
authorities and other border control agencies.

RISK MANAGEMENT AND BORDER COOPERATION

In cooperation with our partners, we are improving the
capacity of customs authorities and border control
agencies to implement a risk management system and make
use of prearrival information.
 PUBLIC-PRIVATE DIALOGUE AND PILOT PROJECTS
In order to ensure transparency in the decision making process and to
protect the interests of all the parties involved, the project promotes a
public -private dialogue on trade facilitation issues.

Achieved results:
Recommendations of the private sector have been taken up into the
action plan of the National Trade Facilitation committees in Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

The Electronic Pre-Declaration (EPD) of the TIR Convention is applied

and can be used by traders in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan and Uzbekistan
for easy transit procedures.

At the border crossing point Dostuk in Kyrgyzstan technical and

administrative conditions were established that allow officers from
different border agencies to share information on shipments and
traders.
 Strait of Malacca-
Indochina Trade Complex
WHAT IS MALACCA?

The Strait of Malacca or Straits of

Malacca is a narrow stretch of water,
580 mi in length, between the Malay
Peninsula and the Indonesian island
of Sumatra. As the main shipping
channel between the Indian Ocean
and the Pacific Ocean, it is one of the
most important shipping lanes in the
world.
 HISTORICAL SHIPING METROPOLLIS

For centuries, ports along the coasts have been more than transshipment
sites for goods; they are also places of interaction between people from
foreign cultures. The chequered history of the Strait of Malacca and the
city-state of Singapore illustrate how maritime transportation has
influenced the development of a coastal region in the course of history.
The Strait of Malacca is the shortest shipping route between the Far East
and the Indian Ocean. Ships have passed through it for centuries, and
trading posts grew up from an early stage, which simultaneously became
centres of education, science and art
 INDO-CHINA

-The term Indochina (originally Indo-China) was coined in the early

nineteenth century, emphasizing the cultural influence of Indian
civilization and Chinese civilization on the area.
-The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French
Indochina (today's Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos).
• Indochina comprises five
countries: Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand and
Viet Nam. These con- tries
share natural resources
centering on the Mekong
River, which flows from
north to south through the
center of the Indochinese
peninsula, and are closely
related economically,
culturally and historically.
 THE MOST IMOPORTANT TRADE ROUTE
The Strait of Malacca, which runs between Indonesia, Malaysia and
Singapore, has long been a major gateway for trade to and from Asia,
and is once again rapidly rising in importance. Already the world's
second-busiest waterway it has been in continuous use since antiquity,
with Roman, Greek, Chinese and Indian traders all taking advantage of
this natural channel. Its strategic importance has also mde it a source of
international friction from the 15th century to the modern day. The
opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 only increased its significance as the
Strait became a key link between the Pacific and Indian Oceans,
reducing the distance between Europe and the Far East by a third
 MALACCA ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
More recently it has served as the main transit route supplying vital
commodities to fuel the fast-growing economies of Asia and beyond. Of
the 87 million barrels of oil produced per day. Approximately 15.2 million
passed through the Strait of Malacca, the shortest sea route between
African and Persian Gulf suppliers and Asian markets.
 Indian Ocean Trade
Complex
SEA EXCHANGE
begins with Mediterranean sea trade
-participants:
= Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans

Italian City of Venice

= major center of commerce

Begins with Red Sea trade

-participants= Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Africans -
Alexandria= major port and city of commerce
Indian Ocean Exchange

Like the Silk Roads, trade grew because of:

-Environmental and cultural diversities in each region -Desire for goods
not available at home
Same goods traded from each region as on the Silk Roads
-Ex: silk and porcelain from China
-Ex: ivory and gold from the African coast

Unlike the Silk Roads: transportation costs much lower

-Ships could carry much more at one time than camels Sea Roads carried
more bulk and staple goods not just luxury items like on the Silk Roads
Monsoons

Made Indian Ocean exchange possible Monsoons =

Alternating wind currents -Blow predictably eastward in summer months
Blow predictably westward in winter months
Indian Ocean Exchange
Not between countries
Not between entire regions
IS between individual merchant towns
Growth of Indian Ocean Trade

2 major transformations occurred between 500 and 1500 that led to

major growth of the Indian Ocean trade network

(1)Economic and political revival of China

(2)Rise of Islam in the 7th century
Rise of Islam
Islam= friendly to commercial life (unlike Confucianism)
Creation of an Arab Empire Stretching from Atlantic Ocean to India
Brought together a wider range of economies in a single political
system Powerful and wealthy empire =continued to stimulate Indian
Ocean trade
China's Comeback

>4 centuries after the collapse of the Han dynasty

>Reestablished a unified government Encourage sea trade
>Economic growth= allowed Chinese products to pour into trade
networks
>Technological innovations = larger ship; magnetic compass
Sea Roads= Change

>Indian Ocean Trade transformed ALL of its participants in one way

or another
> Major transformations to two regions: -Southeast Asia -East Africa
>Both regions experienced:
Political change- rulers used wealth to construct larger states
Cultural change-exposure to new religions