Professional Documents
Culture Documents
P)
M
Objective Questions
TE
,D
(01 to 15)
r
re
tu
ec
(L
Engineering
Pr
P)
Q.1) Nagpur road plan formulae were prepared by
M
TE
assuming
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Rectangular or block road pattern
(L
ho
at
c. Radial or star and circular road pattern
ep
R
d. Radial or star and grid road pattern
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
,D
a. Nagpur road plan formulae take into account the towns with very large
r
re
tu
population.
ec
(L
b. Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32km per 100 sq.m
ho
at
proposed national highway
R
d. Second 20-year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the
ep
e
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
TE
,D
a. Reconnaissance, map study, preliminary survey and detailed
r
re
survey
tu
ec
b. Map study, preliminary survey, reconnaissance and detailed
(L
ho
at
c. Map study, reconnaissance survey, preliminary survey and
R
ep
detailed survey
e
ad
detailed survey.
Answer: C
The position of the center line on the highway in the ground is called highway
alignment.
P)
M
TE
Engineering Survey and its stages:
,Dr
re
1. Map Study - The study of the topographical map is done to find out the possible
tu
ec
routes of the road.
(L
2.Reconnaissance - Simple Survey Instruments are used in the reconnaissance
ho
at
3.Preliminary Survey -
R
To estimate the quantity of earthwork.
ep
e
The data during the detailed survey should be elaborated and completed for the
preparation of the plans, designing, and estimation of the project.
P)
Q. 4) The shape of the camber, best suited for the
M
TE
cement concrete pavement is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Straight line
(L
ho
at
c. Elliptical ep
R
d. Combination of straight and parabolic
e
ad
Pr
Answer: A
Camber - slope in transverse direction to
drain of water from the road surface.
P)
M
X% - X vertical and 100 horizontal
TE
1 in n – 1 vertical and n horizontal
,Dr
re
a. Straight line camber -
tu
ec
They are generally adopted for very flat
(L
re
ho
at
b. Parabolic camber –
Designed for fast moving highways. R
eep
Adopted for Bituminous pavement.
ad
Pr
c. Composite camber –
Design for mixed traffic.
P)
Q. 5) For water bound macadam road in localities of
M
TE
heavy rainfall, the recommended value of camber is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 1 in 30
(L
ho
at
c. 1 in 48 ep
R
d. 1 in 60
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
a. Total reaction time of driver
tu
ec
(L
b. Speed of vehicle
P)
the vehicle to avoid collision with an obstruction(moving or stationary)
M
TE
which is present on the carriage way
,Dr
re
Factors affecting SSD = Lag distance + Braking distance
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
at
R
1. Total reaction time of the driver ↑
ep
2. Speed of the vehicle ↑
e
ad
4. Brake efficiency ↓
5. Gradient of the road → Up/ascending ↓ and down/descending ↑
Q. 7) When the path travelled along the road surface
P)
M
is more than the Circumferential movement of the
TE
,D
wheels due to rotation, then it result is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. Slipping
d. revolving
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
Answer: B → Skidding
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
pavement surface is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Rough
(L
ho
at
c. Smooth and dry ep
R
d. Smooth and wet
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
Answer: D → Smooth and wet
P)
M
TE
should be
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Rougher than the traffic lanes
(L
ho
at
c. Of same colour as that of the pavement
ep
R
d. Of very low load bearing capacity
e
ad
Pr
Answer: A
P)
M
1. The purpose of building a
TE
,D
shoulder is that in the event of
r
re
an emergency or breakdown a
tu
ec
vehicles.
(L
TE
,Dr
re
a. Effective drainage
tu
ec
(L
b. Counteracting the centrifugal force
M
TE
,D
a. Effective drainage – Camber
r
re
tu
ec
(L
b. Counteracting the centrifugal force – Super elevation
M
TE
gradient the stopping sight distance is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Less
(L
ho
at
c. Same ep
R
d. Dependent on speed
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
Descending gradient > Level > Ascending
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
minimum stopping sight distance is equal to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Stopping sight distance
(L
ho
at
c. Half the stopping distance
ep
R
d. Three times the stopping distance
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
P)
M
TE
Single lane two way traffic
,D
= 2 × SSD
r
re
tu
ec
Two lane two way traffic
(L
re
ho
at
R
eep
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 13) The desirable length of overtaking zone as per
M
TE
IRC recommendation is equal to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Overtaking sight distance
(L
ho
at
c. Three times the overtaking sight distance
ep
R
d. Five times the overtaking sight distance
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
P)
M
Overtaking zones are provided when OSD cannot be
TE
,D
provided throughout the length of the highway
r
re
tu
ec
(L
IRC recommendation
TE
,Dr
re
a. Less than overtaking sight distance
tu
ec
(L
b. Equal to overtaking sight distance
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
Less than over taking sight distance
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
a. Increases with increase in speed
tu
ec
(L
b. Decreases with increase in speed
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
Objective Questions
ec
Highway Engineering
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
minimum stopping sight distance for two Lane, two
TE
,D
way traffic is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 30m
d. 180m
Pr
Answer: B
P)
M
TE
For two lane two way traffic
,D
= SSD
r
re
tu
ec
For One lane two way traffic
(L
re
ho
at
R
e ep
ad
Pr
Q. 17) The effect of grade on safe overtaking sight
distance is
P)
M
TE
a. To increase it on descending grades and to
,D
decrease it on ascending grades
r
re
tu
ec
b. To decrease it on descending grades and to
(L
ho
at
c. To increase it on both descending and ascending
ep
R
grades
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
OSD always increases either descending gradient or
TE
,D
ascending gradient.
r
re
tu
ec
(L
P)
M
highway in plain Terrain as per IRC recommendation
TE
,D
is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 60 kmph
d. 120 kmph
Pr
Answer:C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
if the cross slope of land is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Upto 10%
(L
ho
at
c. Between 25% and 60%
ep
R
d. More than 60%
e
ad
Pr
Answer : B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
the avoid overturning and Lateral skidding on
TE
,D
horizontal curve, the centrifugal ratio should always
r
re
be
tu
ec
(L
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
limit of superelevation for mixed traffic in plain
TE
,D
Terrain is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 1 in 15
d. Equal to camber
Pr
Answer: A
P)
M
Maximun super elevation
TE
,Dr
re
tu
1. Plain and rolling terrain – 7% or 1 in 15
ec
(L
M
TE
traffic conditions, the speed is reduced by
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 15%
(L
ho
at
c. 25% ep
R
d. 75%
e
ad
Pr
Answer :C
P)
Design of super elevation, e + f = V²/127R
M
TE
Step1. Calculate super elevation for 75% of design speed, neglecting the effect of friction
,D
e = (0.75V) ²/127R
r
re
tu
If e < emax. emax. ( 7% for plain and rolling 10% for hilly terrain ), then provide e, other wise
ec
Step2. Calculate coefficient of friction assuming maximum value of super elevation
(L
at
R
If f < 0.15, then provide super elevation is 7% or 0.70, other wise
e ep
ad
P)
M
horizontal across the alignment, then the pressure on
TE
,D
the outer wheels will be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. More than the pressure on inner wheels
d. Zero
Pr
Answer: A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
TE
,D
a. V² / 27.5R
r
re
tu
ec
(L
b. V² / 75R
d. V² / 127R
Answer: D
P)
Super elevation, e + f = V²/127R
M
TE
,Dr
re
Equilibrium super elevation or super elevation to
tu
ec
counteract fully centrifugal force, then f = o
(L
P)
M
increases with
TE
,Dr
re
a. Increase in both speed and radius curve
tu
ec
(L
b. Decrease in both speed and radius of curve
curve
Answer: C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r
Super elevation, e + f = V²/127R
,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
radius of horizontal curves in Plains, the design speed
TE
,D
is given by
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 8 kmph
d. 20 kmph
Pr
Answer: C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
safe operation for a speed of 110 kmph is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 110 m
(L
ho
at
c. 440 m ep
R
d. 577 m
e
ad
Pr
Answer: C
P)
M
Design speed(kmph) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
TE
Rmin in m 40 70 100 150 200 260 320 400 440
,Dr
re
tu
ec
(L
M
TE
of pavement about the inner edge of the pavement
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Is preferable in steep terrain
(L
ho
at
c. Avoids the drainage problem in flat terrain
ep
R
d. Does not change the vertical alignment of road
e
ad
Pr
Answer: C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
a. Psychological extra widening depends on the
TE
,D
number of traffic lanes
r
re
b. Mechanical extra widening depends on the speed
tu
ec
(L
of vehicle
speed of vehicle
Answer: D
When a vehicle takes a turn on horizontal curve, the rear wheels do not follow the same path
P)
M
as that of the front wheels.
TE
,D
The vehicle has occupies more width that it occupies on straight portion of the road.
r
re
tu
To compensate this, the carriageway width increased on the entire curved portion of the road,
ec
which is called extra widening of pavement on curve.
(L
at
= nl²/2R R + V/9.5√R
e ep
ad
Where 'n' is the number of the traffic lane, l is the length of the wheelbase of the longer
Pr
vehicle in m (generally taken as 6 m), V is the design speed of the vehicle in Kmph and R is the
radius of the horizontal curve in m.
Q. 30) In case of Hill roads, the extra widening is
P)
M
generally provided
TE
,Dr
re
a. Equally on inner and outer sides of the curve
tu
ec
(L
b. Fully on the inner side of the curve
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
P)
(L
Highway Engineering
ec
tu
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
P)
radius R metre is given by
M
TE
,D
a. L²/2R
r
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
R
ep
c. L²/R
e
ad
Pr
d. 3L²/2R
Answer: D
Width of road or carriage way (1) Single lane = 3.75m
(2) Two lane = 7m
P)
M
(3) Multi lane = number of lane × 3.5m
TE
,D
When a vehicle takes a turn on horizontal curve, the rear wheels do not follow the same path
r
as that of the front wheels, is known as mechanical widening or off tracking. The vehicle has
re
tu
occupies more width that it occupies on straight portion of the road.
ec
Extra widening = Mechanical widening(Wm) + Psychological widening(Wps)
(L
re
ho
at
Where 'n' is the number of the traffic lane, l is the length of the wheelbase of the longer vehicle in m
R
(generally taken as 6 m), V is the design speed of the vehicle in Kmph and R is the radius of the horizontal
ep
curve in m.
e
ad
Pr
Given, Width of pavement = 10.5m means three lane road, the value of n = 3
P)
M
TE
alignment of highways as per IRC recommendations is
,Dr
re
tu
a. Spiral
ec
(L
re
ho
at
c. Cubic parabola ep
R
d. Any of the above
e
ad
Pr
Answer: A
A transition curve may be defined as a
P)
curve of varying radius of infinity to R
M
TE
,D
Objective:
r
re
tu
1. To gradually introduce the centrifugal force between the tangent point and the
ec
(L
beginning of the circular curve thereby avoiding sudden jerk on the vehicle.
ho
3. To introduce designed superelevation at a desirable rate
at
R
4. To enable the driver to turn the steering gradually for his own comfort and
ep
security
e
ad
P)
M
should be taken which is
TE
,Dr
re
tu
a. Based on allowable rate of change of centrifugal
ec
(L
re
ho
b. Based on rate of change of super elevation
at
c. Higher of (a) and (b) R
eep
ad
P)
2. Based on rate of change of super elevation, Lc
M
(a) If superelevation was provided by rotating the pavement surface about the inner edge
TE
Lc = N × e × (W + We)
,D
Where, e is the rate of superelevation, W is the width of the pavement, We are the extra widening
r
re
and N are the gradient of terrain.
tu
ec
(b) f the pavement is rotated about the center line, double effect is achieved.
(L
Therefore, Lc = 0.5 × N × e × (W + We)
at
R
ep
3. By Empirical formula
e
Where, V is the design speed in kmph and R is the radius of the curve in meters.
P)
Q. 34) The maximum design gradient for vertical
M
TE
profile of a road is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Ruling gradient
(L
ho
at
c. Exceptional gradient
ep
R
d. Minimum gradient
e
ad
Pr
Answer: A
Gradient - It is the rate of rise or fall of road level along the length.
Raise wrt horizontal distance is called Upward gradient or ascending gradient (+n %)
P)
Fall wrt Horizontal distance is called Downward Gradient descending gradient (-n %)
M
Types of gradients
TE
1. Ruling gradient - This is the maximum gradient which is generally used to design the vertical profile of highway. So it is also
,D
called as design gradient.
r
2. Maximum or Limiting gradient - This gradient is provided as shorter stretches in highways. Whenever ruling gradients
re
tu
costs high for the hilly terrains then limiting gradient is provided which will reduce the cost.
ec
3.Exceptional gradient - These are very steeper gradients given at unavoidable situations and they are adopted for stretches
(L
not exceeding 100m of length.
re
ho
Camber is provided. But for the longitudinal drainage along the side drains require some slope for smooth flow of water
at
R
e ep
ad
Pr
Q. 35) The percentage compensation in gradient for
P)
M
ruling gradient of 4% and horizontal curve of radius
TE
,D
760 m is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 0.1%
d. No compensation
Pr
Answer: D
Grade Compensation
When a horizontal circular curve lies in vertical curve there will be an increased
P)
M
resistance offered by the circular curve in the form of curve resistance in addition to
TE
the component of gravity.
,Dr
re
IRC specifications for grade compensations are:
tu
ec
(L
1. For grades flatter than 4% - grade compensation is not required.
P)
M
horizontal curve of radius 76m, then the
TE
,D
compensated grade should be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 3%
d. 6%
Pr
Answer: B
P)
M
TE
= (30 + 76) /76
,Dr
re
= 106/76 = 1.39%
tu
ec
(L
2. Maximum value of gradient compensation in% = 75/R
M
TE
equal to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Longitudinal gradient
(L
ho
at
c. Three times the longitudinal gradient
ep
R
d. Half of longitudinal gradient
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
Gradient = 2 × Camber
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
valley curve
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Simple parabola
(L
ho
at
c. Spiral ep
R
d. Lemniscate
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
Answer: B → Cubic parabola
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
IRC recommendation is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 1 in 12
(L
ho
at
c. 1 in 20 ep
R
d. 1 in 30
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
will be maximum when
TE
,Dr
re
a. An ascending gradient meets with another ascending gradient
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
R
c. A descending gradient meets with another descending gradient
eep
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
curve in metres is given by the expressions
M
TE
,Dr
re
a. 0.38NV^3/2
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
R
ep
c. 3.8 NV^1/2
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
descending gradient of 1 in 50, the length of summit
TE
,D
curve for a stopping sight distance of 80 m will be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. Zero
d.60m
Pr
L >SSS
L < SSD →
Pr
ad
e ep
R
→ L = NS²/4.4
at
ho
re
L = 2S – 4.4/N
(L
ec
tu
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
a. Annual average hourly volume
tu
ec
(L
b. Annual average daily traffic
P)
M
TE
Traffic volume may be defined as the number of vehicles crossing
,D
a selected section of the road per unit time. Unit is vehicle/hour
r
re
tu
ec
(L
30th highest hourly volume – It is that hourly volume which will
TE
,Dr
re
a. Average speed
tu
ec
(L
b. Spot speed
P)
M
Average speed – It is the average spot speed of all vehicles passing
TE
through a particular section or spot.
,Dr
re
tu
ec
Spot speed - Spot speed is the instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a
(L
ho
at
R
Space-mean speed is the distance traveled divided by
ep
e
ad
M
TE
speed used is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 15th percentile
(L
ho
at
c. 85th percentile ep
R
d. 98 percentile
th
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
P)
M
d. Design speed or 98th percentile speed – It is the speed at or
TE
below which 98% of vehicle are moving and only 2% exceeds that
,Dr
limit
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
at
R
b. 50th Percentile speed – It is mean speed.
eep
ad
Pr
(L
Highway Engineering
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
a. Traffic volume should always be more than traffic capacity
tu
ec
b. Traffic capacity should always be more than traffic volume
(L
ho
section
at
R
d. 85th percentile speed is more than 98th percentile speed
eep
ad
Pr
Answer: B
P)
Traffic volume is the numbers of vehicles that pass a point on a highway
M
on a particular lane on particular direction in unit time, generally in per
TE
,D
unit hour.
r
re
tu
Traffic capacity is expressed as the maximum number of vehicle in a lane
ec
(L
re
ho
vehicles per hour per lane.
at
R
ep
Spot speed is the instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a specified location.
e
ad
Pr
M
TE
,Dr
re
a. Width of traffic lanes
tu
ec
b. Extra width of pavement and minimum turning radius
(L
ho
at
d. Clearance to be provided under structures overbridges,
R
ep
underbridges etc.
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
Length of vehicle affects:
P)
Extra widening and radius of curve
M
Extra widening refers to the additional width of carriageway that is required on a
TE
curved section.
,Dr
1.Mechanical widening or off tracking
re
tu
2.Psychological widening
ec
(L
ho
Width of pavement, shoulder and parking facilities.
at
R
ep
Height of vehicle affects:
e
ad
M
TE
IRC is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 1.85m
(L
ho
at
c. 3.81m
R
ep
d. 4.72m
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
P)
M
Maximum dimension and weight of a vehicle by IRC
TE
,Dr
re
Width = 2.44m
tu
ec
Height = 4.75m
(L
ho
at
Weight = 52.2 tones R
e ep
ad
Pr
P)
M
Q. 49) Desire lines are plotted in
TE
,Dr
re
tu
a. Traffic volume studies
ec
(L
b. Speed studies
P)
Method of volume counting
M
(1) Mannual counts, (2) Automatic counters, (3) Moving car method
TE
,D
b. Speed studies are useful for establishing speed zones, traffic signals, regulatory signs, non-
r
re
passing zones, warning zones etc.
tu
ec
(L
c. The various steps involved in the traffic accident studies:
ho
(3) Study of accident, (4) Suggestions for remedial measures.
at
R
ep
d. Origin and Destination studies:
e
P)
M
collecting origin and destination data for a small area like a
TE
,D
mass business Centre or large intersection
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. Road side Interview method
Pr
ad
e ep
→ License plate method
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
vehicles and pedestrians involved in accidents is known as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Spot maps
(L
ho
at
c. Condition diagram
R
ep
d. Collision diagram
e
ad
Pr
Answer: D
Accident record may be maintained by means of location files, spot maps, collision
diagram and condition diagram.
P)
M
TE
- Location file record locations where accidents have taken place.
,Dr
re
- Spot maps show, accidents by spots, pin or symbol on the road map of the locality
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
vehicles and pedestrian involved in the accident and also other objects with which
at
the vehicle have Collided.
R
ep
e
P)
minimum spacing of vehicles
M
TE
,Dr
a. Increases
re
tu
ec
b. Decreases
(L
ho
at
minimum value at optimum speed
R
ep
d. First increase and then decrease after reaching a
e
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
a. Traffic density × Traffic speed
ec
(L
b. Traffic density/traffic speed
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
a. Basic capacity
ec
(L
b. Theoretical capacity
P)
M
Traffic capacity is expressed as the maximum number of vehicle in a lane or a road that can pass a
TE
given point in unit time, usually an hour, i.e., vehicles per hour per lane or roadway.
,Dr
re
Basic capacity is the maximum number of vehicles(PCU) that can pass a given point on a lane or
tu
ec
roadway during one hour under the most nearly ideal roadway and traffic conditions.
(L
ho
highway during one hour under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
at
This means that the possible capacity of a highway will always be lower than the basic capacity
R
ep
unless the prevailing conditions of the traffic, approach the ideal conditions.
e
ad
Practical Capacity is the maximum number of vehicle that can pass a given point on a lane or
Pr
P)
M
20 metres, then the basic capacity of a traffic Lane at a
TE
,D
speed of 50kmph is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
a. 2500 vehicles per day
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
maximum capacity of the lane
M
TE
,Dr
a. Increases
re
tu
ec
b. Decreases
(L
ho
at
maximum value at optimum speed
R
ep
d. First decrease and then increase after reaching
e
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
Passenger car as per IRC is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. 1.0
(L
ho
at
c. 0.5
R
ep
d. 10
e
ad
Pr
Answer: A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
vehicle are 18m and 6m respectively, then the theoretical
M
TE
maximum capacity of a traffic Lane at a speed of 10 m/sec
,Dr
is
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
b. 2000 vehicles per hour
R
ep
c. 2500 vehicles per hour
e
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
mass transit facilities in cities should be based on
,Dr
re
tu
ec
a. Spot speed data
(L
ho
at
c. Traffic volume data
R
ep
d. Accident data
e
ad
Pr
Answer: B
P)
M
TE
Origin and destination studies
,Dr
re
These studies are very essential in planing of new highway
tu
ec
facilities or for improving existing road system. It is also
(L
ho
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching ☺
ep
R
at
ho
re
Objective Questions
(L
Highway Engineering
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
conditions of an accident location like roadway limits,
M
TE
bridges, trees and all details of roadway conditions is
,Dr
known as
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. Spot maps
R
ep
C. Condition diagram
e
ad
D. Collision diagram
Pr
Answer C
A. Pie chart showing segregation of fast moving traffic.
P)
M
→Accident record may be maintained by means of location files, spot maps,
TE
collision diagram and condition diagram.
,D
- Location file record locations where accidents have taken place.
r
re
tu
ec
B. Spot maps show, accidents by spots, pin or symbol on the road map of the
(L
re
ho
at
C. Condition diagram - drawing of accident location showing important physical
R
features of the road and adjoining area.
ep
e
ad
Pr
D. Collision diagram - Details of accident location and show approximate path of the
vehicles and pedestrian involved in the accident and also other objects with which
the vehicle have Collided.
Q. 62) When the speed of traffic flow becomes zero, then
P)
M
TE
A. Traffic density attains maximum value whereas traffic volume
,D
becomes zero
r
re
tu
B. Traffic density and traffic volume both attain maximum value
ec
(L
C. Traffic density and traffic volume both become zero
Answer A
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
traffic, the total number of conflicts points is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 6
(L
ho
at
C. 18
R
ep
D. 24
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Conflict point - Point at which a highway user crossing, merging with, or diverging from a road or
driveway conflicts with another highway user using the same road or driveway.
P)
M
TE
,Dr
re
tu
ec
(L
M
TE
board is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Red
(L
ho
at
C. Green
R
ep
D. White
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
Traffic control device is the medium used for communicating between traffic engineer and road users.The
major types of traffic control devices used are- traffic signs, road markings , traffic signals and parking
P)
control.
M
TE
Types of traffic sign: -
,D
Regulatory signs
r
re
These signs are also called mandatory signs because it is mandatory that the drivers must obey these signs.
tu
White background and circular in shape with red borders.
ec
(L
re
Warning signs or cautionary signs give information to the driver about the road condition.
ho
White background and shape is upward triangular or diamond shape with red bordsigns
at
R
ep
Informatory signs
e
Informative signs also called guide signs, are provided to assist the drivers to reach their desired
ad
destinations.
Pr
examples are route markers, destination signs, mile posts, service information, recreational and cultural
interest area signing etc.
They are written black letters on yellow background.
P)
Q. 65) Which of the following is indicated by a warning
M
TE
sign
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Level crossing
(L
ho
at
C. End of speed limit
R
ep
D. Overtaking prohibited
e
ad
Pr
Pr
Answer A
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Regulatory sign
ec
(L
B. Warning sign
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Simultaneous system
ec
(L
B. Alternate system
M
TE
,Dr
Flexible system –
re
tu
It is possible to automatically vary the length of signal cycle at
ec
(L
re
ho
connecting to the master computer.
at
This is the most efficient system.
R
eep
ad
Pr
Q. 68) The provision of traffic signals at intersections
P)
M
TE
,D
A. Reduces right angled and rear end collisions
r
re
tu
B. Increases right angled and rear end collisions
ec
(L
C. Reduces right angled collisions but may increase rear
angled collisions
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
TE
A. Stop or red time of a signal is the sum of go and
,Dr
clearance intervals for the cross flow
re
tu
ec
B. Go or green time of a signal is the sum of stop and
(L
ho
at
C. Clearance time is generally 3 to 5 seconds
R
ep
D. The cycle length is normally 40 to 60 seconds for two
e
ad
phase signals.
Pr
P)
M
Answer B
TE
,Dr
re
1. Red for stop
tu
ec
2. Green for go
(L
ho
at
G+Y=R R
eep
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 70) Center Line markings are used
M
TE
,Dr
re
A. To designate traffic lanes
tu
ec
B. To roadways meant for two way traffic
(L
ho
at
D. To designate proper lateral placement of vehicles before
R
ep
turning to different directions
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
Traffic marking are special signs used to regulate the traffic.
M
TE
1. Centre line – used to separate two way traffic. 5 m long and 8 m space
,Dr
re
tu
2. Lane line – indicate traffic lanes and used to guide the traffic
ec
(L
ho
at
R
4. Stop line – Made near the pedestrians crossings, signalized intersections etc. to
ep
indicate that vehicles have to stop before this line and then proceed.
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
the pavement are properly marked by the pavement
TE
,D
marking known as
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Stop lines
D. Lane lines
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
TE
,D
A. Equal radii and equal widths of pavement
r
re
tu
B. Equal radii but pavement width is more at
ec
(L
entrancethean at exit curve
P)
Rotary intersection is an enlarged Road intersection where all converging vehicles
M
are forced to know around large central Island in One Direction before they are
TE
allowed to weave out of traffic flow.
,Dr
re
tu
1. Radius of curve at entrance = 30.5m for 40kmph speed and 18.3 m for 32 kmph
ec
at exit = 47 m for 40kmph speed and 30.5m for 32 kmph
(L
at
carriageway at the approaches to enable reduction of speed.
R
ep
IRC suggests that a two lane road of 7 m width should be kept as 7 m for urban
e
ad
P)
M
right angles, the suitable shape of Central Island is
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Circular
ec
(L
B. Elliptical
P)
M
Shape of Central island
TE
,D
a. Circular - Suitable when roads of
r
re
equal importance and cross each
tu
ec
other at right angle.
(L
ho
at
four intersecting roads.
R
eep
c. Turbine – reduce speed at entry
ad
M
TE
Rotary may not function efficiently is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 500 vehicles per hour
(L
ho
at
C. 5000 vehicles per hour
R
ep
D. 5000 vehicles per day
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
Answer C
,Dr
re
tu
ec
As per IRC
(L
ho
at
2. Number of intersecting roads between 4 to 7
R
eep
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
🙏☺
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
ep
R
at
ho
re
Objective Questions
(L
Highway Engineering
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
,Dr
re
A. Number of intersecting roads is between 4 and 7
tu
ec
B. Space is limited and costly
(L
ho
at
D. When traffic volume is more than 5000 vehicles per
R
ep
hour
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
P)
M
1. As per IRC traffic volume for rotary 500 to 3000 Vehicles per
TE
hour
,Dr
re
tu
ec
2. Number of intersecting roads is between 4 to 7
(L
P)
M
only one of the roads is important, then the suitable shape
TE
,D
of rotary is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Circular
D. Turbine
ad
Pr
Answer B
Shape of Central island
P)
M
TE
a. Circular - Suitable when roads of
,D
equal importance and cross each other
r
re
tu
at right angle.
ec
(L
ho
four intersecting roads.
at
R
ep
e
increase at leaving.
Pr
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Parallel parking
ec
(L
B. 30° angle parking
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
Street are Limited, generally preferred parking system is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Parallel parking
(L
ho
at
C. 65° angel parking
R
ep
D. 90° angel parking
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
illumination on important roads carrying fast traffic is
,Dr
re
tu
A. 10 lux
ec
(L
re
ho
C. 20 lux
at
R
ep
D. 30 lux
e
ad
Pr
Pr
Answer D
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
suitable for narrow roads is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Single side lightning
(L
ho
at
C. Central lightning system
R
ep
D. None of the above
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
Lighting layout
P)
M
1. Single side system–
TE
Suitable only for narrow pavements.
,D
Spacing of poles 30m to 60m
r
re
tu
2. Staggered system -
ec
Wider roads with three or more lanes.
(L
re
ho
3. Central system -
at
R
For three or more lanes with narrow Central
ep
strip and heavy traffic conditions
e
ad
Pr
4. Opposite system -
For Wider roads depending upon situation.
P)
M
Q. 82) The direct interchange ramp involves
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Diverging to the right side and merging from left
ec
(L
B. Diverging to the left side and merging from right
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
liquid limit is increased, then
TE
,Dr
re
A. Compressibility and permeability decrease and dry strength
tu
ec
increases
(L
ho
at
C. Compressibility, permeability and dry strength increase
R
ep
D. Compressibility and permeability increase and dry strength
e
ad
decreases
Pr
Answer D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
Plasticity index = Liquid limit – Plastic limit
M
TE
Toughness of road aggregates
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Crushing strength test
(L
ho
at
C. Impact test
R
ep
D. Shape test
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
Procedure
M
1. Aggregate specimen 10 mm to 12.5mm
TE
2. Test cylinder filled with three layers and tamped each layer 25times (W2)
,D
3. 4 t/m up to 40 Tonnes (CTM)
r
re
tu
4. Weight Finer than 2.36 mm IS sieve (W2)
ec
(L
re
ho
at
B. Abrasion test (By Los Angeles machine) – Hardness
R
ep
e
ad
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Abrasion test
ec
(L
B. Impact test
r
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
by Abrasion test.
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 86) If in a Dorry abrasion test the loss in weight is 21
M
TE
grams, then the coefficient of hardness is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 9.5
(L
ho
at
C . 17
R
ep
D. 21
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
TE
,D
Coefficient of hardness = 20 – (Loss in gms)/3)
r
re
tu
ec
= 20 – (21/3)
(L
= 13
Pr
P)
M
Q. 87) In CBR test the value of CBR is calculated at
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. 2.5 mm penetration only
ec
(L
B. 5.0 mm penetration only
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
classified as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Exceptionally strong
(L
ho
at
C. Satisfactory for road surfacing
R
ep
D. Unsuitable for road surfacing
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Procedure
P)
1. Aggregate specimen 10 to 12.5 mm filled in three layers and tamped each layer
M
by 25 blows (W1)
TE
2. Sample transfer in impact test apparatus and compacted by tamping road 25
,D
times
r
re
tu
3. Hammer drop freely from 38 cm and give 15blows
ec
4. Finer than 2.36 mm IS (W2)
(L
re
ho
at
Impact value < 10% Exceptionally strong
R
ep
Impact value 10-20% Strong
e
ad
M
TE
for high quality surface course is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 10%
(L
ho
at
C. 30%
R
ep
D. 45%
e
ad
Pr
P)
Answer C
M
TE
,D
Abrasion value
r
re
tu
ec
1. CC construction < 16%
(L
ho
at
(b) Base course up to 50%
ep
R
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Q.90) Percentage of free carbon in Bitumen is
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. More than that in tar
ec
(L
B. Less than that is tar
P)
Bitumen is obtained by fractional distillation of crude
M
TE
petroleum (in the presence of air).
,Dr
It have less free carbon content
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
process of destructive distillation of crude petroleum (in
R
ep
the absence of air).
e
ad
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
TE
,D
Objective Questions
r
re
tu
ec
(91 to 105)
(L
Highway Engineering
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 91) The ductility value of bitumen for suitability in road
M
TE
construction should not be less than
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 30 cm
(L
ho
at
C. 50 cm
R
ep
D. 60 cm
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Answer C
TE
,Dr
Ductility is a measure of elasticity of bitumen. It is expressed as the
re
tu
distance in centimetre to which standard briquette of bitumen can be
ec
(L
stretched before the thread breaks
M
TE
aggregate suitable for road construction is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 0.4%
(L
ho
at
C. 0.8%
R
ep
D. 1.0%
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Answer B
TE
,Dr
re
As per IRC Water absorption shall not be more than 0.6%.
tu
ec
(L
M
TE
bitumen
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 30/40
(L
ho
at
C. 80/100
R
ep
D. 100/120
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
P)
M
Penetration test: -
TE
It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring
,D
the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will
r
re
penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
at
A grade of 40/50 bitumen means the penetration value is in the range 40 to 50 at
R
ep
standard test conditions.
e
ad
Pr
M
TE
its
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Grade
(L
ho
at
C. Ductility
R
ep
D. Temperature susceptibility
e
ad
Pr
Pr
Answer A
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Its penetration value is 8 mm
ec
(L
B. Its penetration value is 10 mm
,Dr
re
tu
ec
It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth
(L
re
ho
vertically in 5 seconds.
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Q. 96) RC-2, MC-2 and SC-2 correspond to
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Same viscosity
ec
(L
B. Viscosity in increasing order from RC-2 to SC-2
P)
M
Cut Back Bitumen: - Whose viscosity has been reduced by addition of
TE
some volatile dilutent.
,Dr
-Cut back mix and volatile matter evaporates.
re
tu
Types of cutback bitumen
ec
(L
1. Rapid curing cut back (RC) – Evaporate quickly
ho
at
3. Slow curing cut back (SC) – very slowly
R
eep
ad
M
TE
purpose is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. RT-1
(L
ho
at
C. RT-3
R
ep
D. RT-4
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
Grouting - injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock formation to change
M
its physical characteristics
TE
,Dr
Tar: - it is viscous liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of wood or coal in
re
tu
absence of air.
ec
(L
ho
RT-1 used for surface painting in exceptionally cold weather.
at
R
RT-2 standard surface painting under normal conditions.
ep
RT-3 can be used for surface painting, renewal coats for light carpets and premix
e
ad
P)
M
construction at a place where maximum temperature is
TE
,D
40°C should be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Less than 40°C
,Dr
re
tu
ec
Softening point is defined as the temperature at
(L
ho
at
softening under specified conditions of test.
ep
R
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 99) For Rapid curing cutbacks, the oil used is
M
TE
,Dr
A. Gasoline
re
tu
ec
B. Kerosene oil
(L
ho
at
D. Heavy diesel
R
eep
ad
Pr
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
Kerosene oil - Mediun curing cut back
M
TE
recommended by IRC is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Group index method
(L
ho
at
C. Westergaard method
R
ep
D. Benkelman method
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
40%, plasticity index is 10% and percentage passing 75
TE
,D
Micron IS sieve is 35, is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 0
D. 7
ad
Pr
Answer A
P)
where,
M
a= p – 35 (p = percentage of soil finer than 0.075 mm or 75micron)
TE
b= p – 15
,D
c= LL - 40
r
d= PI - 10
re
tu
GI = 0.2a + 0.005 a.c. + 0.01b.d
ec
(L
ho
at
GI = 0 R
ep
Greater the value of group index poor will be the quality of soil.
e
ad
0–2 Good
Pr
2–5 Fair
5 – 10 Poor
10 – 20 Very poor
P)
M
Q. 102) Bottom most layer of pavement is known as
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Wearing course
ec
(L
B. Base course
P)
M
Flexible pavement
TE
1. Sub grade
,Dr
2. Sub base course
re
tu
3. Base course
ec
(L
re
ho
at
Rigid pavement R
eep
1. Sub Grade
ad
Pr
2. Base course
3. Surface course
P)
M
Q. 103) Flexible pavement distribute the wheel load
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Directly to subgrade
ec
(L
B. Through structural action
M
TE
,D
Flexible pavements will transmit wheel load stresses to the
r
re
lower layers by grain-to-grain.
tu
ec
(L
P)
M
thickness designed for a given wheel load should be able
TE
,D
to support during the life of pavement is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 1,000
D. 1000000
ad
Pr
Pr
Answer D
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
is
M
TE
,Dr
A. A theoretical method
re
tu
ec
B. An empirical method based on physical properties of
(L
ho
at
C. An empirical method based on strength characteristics
R
ep
of subgrade soil
e
ad
P)
based on the physical properties of the soil sub-grade.
M
TE
,D
To design the thickness of the pavement you have to go through the following steps:
r
re
tu
1.Find out the Group Index Value(GI) of the soil: -
ec
(L
Group Index is a number assigned to the soil based on its physical properties like
ho
at
It varies from a value of 0 to 20, lower the value higher is the quality of the sub-
R
grade and greater the value, poor is the sub-grade.
ep
e
ad
Pr
2. Use the design charts to find out the thickness of the pavement and layers.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
🙏☺
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
TE
,D
Objective Questions
r
re
tu
ec
(106 to 120)
(L
Highway Engineering
e
ad
Pr
Q. 106) Select the correct statement
P)
M
TE
,D
A. More value of group index, less thickness of pavement will be
r
re
required
tu
ec
B. More value of CBR, greater thickness of pavement will be
(L
ho
C. Minimum and maximum values of group index can be zero and
at
20 respectively R
ep
e
ad
P)
M
TE
,D
Greater the value of group index poor will be the quality of soil.
r
re
GI is between 0 to 20.
tu
ec
(L
ho
Fair (2 – 5)
at
Poor (5 – 10) R
ep
e
ad
M
TE
and 9, then the subgrade is treated is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Good
(L
ho
at
C. Poor
R
ep
D. Very poor
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Total depth of pavement
ec
(L
B. Quality of surface course
P)
-Influence of tyre pressure is Predominant in the upper layers.
M
TE
,D
-Upper layers of pavements should be of high quality materials.
r
re
tu
ec
(L
-Tyre pressure does not affect total depth(thickness) of the
M
TE
kg/cm²
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Equal to 1
(L
ho
at
C. Greater than 1
R
ep
D. Zero
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
TE
,D
Contact area = (0.9 × Wheel load ) / Tyre pressure
r
re
tu
ec
The contact area can also be found by taking actual impression of
(L
ho
at
R
Rigidity factor = Contact pressure / Tyre pressure
ep
e
ad
P)
S is the centre to centre distance of dual wheels and d is the
M
TE
distance between walls of wheels, then
,Dr
re
tu
A. Each wheel load acts independently upto a depth d
ec
B. Total stress due to the dual wheels at any depth greater than 2S is
(L
ho
C. Total stress due to the total dual wheels at any depth greater than S is
at
R
equivalent to a single wheel load of magnitude 2P
ep
e
D. Total stress due to the dual wheels at any depth greater than 2D is
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
Beyond d/2 the stresses induced in the pavement result from
,D
each wheel load are overlap.
r
re
tu
ec
(L
As depth increase the overlap of stresses also increases, but after
twice the center to center distance (2S) between the wheels and
Pr
P)
M
TE
A. Does not consider the strength characteristics of
,Dr
subgrade soil
re
tu
ec
B. Is a complex method
(L
ho
at
irrespective of the quality of materials used in the
R
ep
component layers
e
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
A certain degree of resistance to slab deflection is offered by the
TE
sub-grade.
,Dr
re
tu
The sub-grade deformation is same as the slab deflection.
ec
(L
M
TE
taken as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Interiors loading
(L
ho
at
C. Corner loading
R
ep
D. Interior, edge and corner loading
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
Because the radius of wheel load distribution is more than 1.724
M
TE
times slab thickness, hence radius of resisting section is equal to
,D
the radius of wheel load distribution.
r
re
tu
ec
(L
M
TE
region in cement concrete roads is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Load stress + warping stress – fictional stress
(L
ho
at
C. Load stress + warping stress
R
ep
D. Load stress + frictional stress
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Temperature stresses:- developed in CC pavement due to
variation in slab temp.
P)
This is caused by
M
TE
(i) Daily variation resulting in a temperature gradient across the
,D
thickness of the slab is known as warping stresses
r
re
tu
(ii) Seasonal variation resulting in overall change in the slab
ec
(L
temperature is known as frictional stresses.
stress
At corner → Load stress + warping stress
P)
M
Q. 116) Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Expansion joints
ec
(L
B. Contraction joints
P)
M
1. Transverse joints
TE
,D
(a) Construction joints(b) Expansion joints(c) Contraction joints
r
re
(d) Warping joints
tu
ec
2. Longitudinal joints or tie bars
(L
They are smaller than dowel bars and placed at large intervals.
Pr
TE
,D
transfer the load between two concrete slabs and to keep the
r
re
two slabs in same height
tu
ec
The dowel bars are used in Contraction and Expansion joints.
(L
ho
1. Mild steel rounded bars,
at
R
2. bonded on one side and free on other side
ep
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
pavement is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 2.5 m
(L
ho
at
C. 4.5 m
R
ep
D. 5.5 m
e
ad
Pr
P)
Answer C
M
TE
,D
Contraction joints
r
re
tu
The purpose of the contraction joint is to allow
ec
(L
the contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature below
M
TE
pavements is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 0
(L
ho
at
C. 50 mm
R
ep
D. 100 mm
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
Expansion joints
TE
,D
The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow the
r
re
expansion of the pavement due to rise in temperature with
tu
ec
respect to construction temperature.
(L
Provided at interval of 18 m to 21 m
Pr
P)
Q. 119) The function of an expansion joint in rigid
M
TE
pavements is to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Relieve warping stresses
(L
ho
at
C. Resist stresses due to expansion
R
ep
D. Allow free expansion
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
of commercial vehicles as 1000. The annual rate of growth of
M
TE
traffic is found to be 8 percent. The pavement construction is to
,D
be completed in three years after the last traffic count. Then the
r
re
tu
number of vehicles for design of rigid pavements will be taken as
ec
(L
D. 1000(1.08)³
Pr
Answer D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
TE
,Dr
Objective Questions
re
tu
ec
(L
(121 to 135)
Highway Engineering
e
ad
Pr
Q. 121) The fundamental factor is the selection of
P)
M
pavement type is
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Climatic condition
ec
(L
B. Type and intensity of traffic
project
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
Selection of type of pavement:- the most important factors is the
M
traffic volume or intensity.
TE
,Dr
re
-If traffic intensity is 30 to 200 tonnes per day then low cost road,
tu
ec
i.e. Earth and soil stabilized road used.
(L
M
TE
is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Granular soil
(L
ho
at
C. Silts
R
ep
D. Clays
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
Raising the grade of a roadway (or railway) above the level of the existing
P)
M
surrounding ground surface is known as embankment.
TE
,D
For highway embankments, generally granular soil are preferred, clay and
r
re
tu
silt is less desirable while organic soils are unsuitable.
ec
(L
ho
at
no clay content.
R
eep
be used.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
pavements is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 500 tonnes per day
(L
ho
at
C. 1500 tonnes per day
R
ep
D. 2000 tonnes per day
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
clayey soils is a
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Smooth wheeled roller
(L
ho
at
C. Sheep foot roller
R
ep
D. Vibrator
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
M
A. Smooth wheeled roller B. Pneumatic tyred roller C. Sheep foot roller
TE
,Dr
re
tu
ec
(L
P)
M
of water bound macadam road per metre width and for 10
TE
,D
mm thickness is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 8 cubic metre
D. 15 cubic metre
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
M
TE
,D
= (1000 × 1) × (1/1000)
r
re
tu
ec
= 10 m³
(L
= 12 m³
P)
126) The camber of shoulders in water bound macadam
M
TE
roads is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Equal to the cross slope of pavement
(L
ho
at
C. Greater than the cross slope of pavement
R
ep
D. Zero
e
ad
Pr
P)
Answer A
M
TE
,Dr
The term macadam in the present time means the road surfaces
re
tu
and bases constructed of crushed or broken aggregates
ec
(L
re
ho
at
R
Camber for pavement and shoulder is 1 in 36 to 1 in 48
eep
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 127) The Binder normally used in flexible pavement
M
TE
construction is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Cement
(L
ho
at
C. Bitumen
R
ep
D. None of the above
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Sides and proceed to centre
ec
(L
B. Centre and proceed to sides
,Dr
re
tu
ec
Rolling is started from edges toward the centre. When half
(L
ho
at
R
eep
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
Q. 129) For the construction of water bound macadam roads, the correct
,D
sequence of operations after spreading coarse aggregate is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Dry rolling, wet rolling, application of screening and application of filler
ho
C. Dry rolling, application of screening, wet rolling and application of Filler
at
R
D. Dry rolling, application of screening, application of filler and wet rolling
ep
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
M
TE
,D
1. Preparation of subgrade
r
re
The site is cleared and weak spot corrected and rolled.
tu
ec
(L
ho
Coarse aggregate is Spread on the prepared surface of subgrade
at
R
ep
e
ad
3. Dry rolling
Pr
P)
M
TE
5. Wet rolling
,Dr
After the spreading the screenings, the surface of the layer is sprinkled
re
tu
with water and rolled again.
ec
(L
ho
at
After the application of the filler, water is sprinkled on the surface and
R
ep
slurry is allowed to fill the voids.
e
ad
Pr
7. Surface finishing
Q. 130) The penetration macadam construction, the
P)
M
bitumen is
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Sprayed after the aggregates and spread and compacted
ec
(L
B. Premixed with aggregates and then spread
P)
M
and bond due to soil binder. The stresses induced due to heavy
TE
,D
mixed traffic destroys these surface very soon. Thus in order to
r
re
increase the stability of such road, bitumen is used as a binder.
tu
ec
(L
ho
-Bitumen penetrates into voids from the surface, filling up a part
at
R
of voids and binding the aggregate together.
ep
e
ad
P)
M
existing black top Road or over existing cement concrete
TE
,D
Road, the type of treatment to be given is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Seal coat
D. Spray of emulsion
ad
Pr
Answer B
1. Prime coat: - It is recommended when the first coat of
bituminous surfacing is done on an existing previous texture base
P)
M
such as WBM Road.
TE
,D
2. Tack coat: - It is usually recommended when the bituminous
r
re
surfacing is done over an existing cement concrete top or already
tu
ec
existing black top surface road.
(L
ho
certain pervious bitumen the pavements.
at
Main function of seal coat R
eep
ad
M
TE
base course
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Bituminous carpet
(L
ho
at
C. Sheet asphalt
R
ep
D. Bituminous bound macadam
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Premix method:- The aggregate and binder is mixed prior to
placing and spreading over the desired surface.
P)
1. Bitumen bound macadam: -
M
TE
Binder and aggregate are mixed prior to placement.
,D
In hilly region, the WBM have been found more resistant to frost
r
re
tu
action than normal base courses.
ec
(L
In regions of high water table, the WBM offers an impervious cut
only.
Pr
P)
M
TE
,D
A. Quantity of Binder required for tack coat is less than that
r
re
required for prime coat
tu
ec
B. Prime coat treatment is given for plugging the voids in water
(L
ho
at
C. Seal coat is the final coat over certain pervious bituminous
R
ep
pavements
e
ad
TE
,Dr
re
Bitumen Primer is a locally manufactured bitumen solution
tu
ec
suitable for sealing and priming porous and non-porous surfaces.
(L
ho
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 134) The suitable surfacing material for a bridge deck
M
TE
slab is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Sheet asphalt
(L
ho
at
C. Mastic asphalt
R
ep
D. Rolled asphalt
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Answer C
TE
,Dr
re
Mastic asphalt on bridges as protection, decking (deck is the
tu
ec
surface of a bridge) and finishing layers.
(L
P)
M
highest quality construction in the group of Black top
TE
,D
pavements
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Mastic asphalt
D. Bituminous concrete
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
Bituminous concrete: -
M
TE
,D
Bituminous concrete premix pavement surface construction is
r
re
tu
the best and used for heavier and mixed traffic
ec
(L
base course.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
🙏☺
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
TE
,Dr
Objective Questions
re
tu
ec
(L
(136 to 150)
Highway Engineering
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Q. 136) The thickness of bituminous carpet varies from
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. 20 to 25 mm
ec
(L
B. 50 to 75 mm
P)
M
The aggregates and binder is mixed prior to placing and
TE
,D
spreading over the desired surface.
r
re
1. Bitumen bound macadam
tu
ec
Binder and aggregates are mixed prior to placement and finishing
(L
ho
2. Bituminous carpet
at
R
Recommended for surface course layer only.
ep
e
ad
binder.
The tickness varies from 2 cm to 2.5 cm
3. Bituminous concrete
Coarse and fine aggregates are used along with bitumen to give
P)
M
dense mass.
TE
,D
This is the best and used for heavier and mixed traffic
r
re
tu
ec
4. Sheet asphalt
(L
ho
at
5. Mastic asphalt R
ep
e
ad
M
TE
sand-bitumen mix without coarse aggregate
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Mastic asphalt
(L
ho
at
C. Bituminous carpet
R
ep
D. Bituminous concrete
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
the Rolling shall proceed from
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Sides towards the centre
(L
ho
at
C. Lower edge towards the upper edge
R
ep
D. Upper edge towards the lower edge
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
M
TE
,D
Superelevated curve: - The rolling shall proceed from lower edge
r
re
towards uper edge.
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
When half surface is rolled, then rolling again is started from the
R
ep
other edge.
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 139) Expansion joints in cement concrete pavements
M
TE
are provided at an interval of
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 10 m
(L
ho
at
C. 18 m to 21 m
R
ep
D. 25 m to 30 m
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
Expansion joints: -
M
These joints are provided to allow the expansion
TE
,D
of concrete slab due to temperature rise.
r
re
Provided at interval of 18 m to 21 m
tu
ec
Approximate gap width of joints is provided between 2 to 2.5 cm
(L
P)
M
TE
A. Contraction joints are spaced closer than Expansion
,Dr
joints
re
tu
ec
B. Longitudinal joints are provided in cement concrete
(L
ho
at
C. Dowel bars are provided in longitudinal joints
R
ep
D. Warping joints are provided to relieve stresses induced
e
ad
due to warping
Pr
Answer C
1. Transverse joints
P)
M
(a) Construction joints (b) Expansion joints (c) Contraction joints (d) Warping joints
TE
2. Longitudinal joints or Tie bars
,Dr
re
tu
ec
Longitudinal joints Or Tie bars
(L
re
ho
Provided to keep the two portion of slab in same level.
at
R
ep
Dowel bars: - Are used in expansion and contraction Joints.
e
ad
Pr
M
TE
with a cross slope
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 0 to 10%
(L
ho
at
C. 25 to 60%
R
ep
D. None of the above
e
ad
Pr
P)
Answer C
M
TE
,D
Types of terrain Cross slope in%
r
re
tu
ec
(L
1. Plain terrain < 10
P)
The resisting length of a road is its effective length.
M
TE
If two points are to be connected by the shortest distance in a
,D
straight line, the gradient may be steeper than the ruling
r
re
tu
gradient; therefore, it becomes necessary to increase the length
ec
(L
re
ho
at
R
Resisting length = Actual length of route + (Rise and fall) /
ep
Coefficient of friction bt
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
surveyed which fulfill to Geometric standards, then the
TE
,D
preferred alignment is the one which is resisting length as
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Maximum
D. Zero
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
Since, in hill roads, ineffective rises and falls are unavoidable, the
TE
particular alignment for which the resisting length is the
,Dr
minimum is the most desirable one.
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
(a) Reconnaissance survey
at
(b) Preliminary survey R
ep
e
M
TE
surfacing is adopted as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 2%
(L
ho
at
C. 3%
R
ep
D. 4%
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
Camber is the slope, provided in the transverse direction of the
M
TE
road to drain off the rain water from the road surface
,Dr
re
tu
ec
(L
P)
M
TE
,D
A. V²/127R
r
re
tu
ec
(L
B. V²/17.5R
D. (V+8)²/127R
Answer C
P)
Super elevation: - It is the ratio of the height of outer edge
M
TE
with respect to horizontal width.
,D
In hill roads super elevation is
r
re
tu
ec
(L
e = V² / 225R
e = super elevation
ad
Pr
M
TE
hill road is taken as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 20 kmph
(L
ho
at
C. 40 kmph
R
ep
D. 50 kmph
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
P)
M
TE
For design of hair pin bend following criteria may be adopted
,Dr
re
tu
1. Minimum design speed = 20 kmph
ec
(L
2. Minimum length of transition curve = 15 m
M
TE
intercept and divert the water from hill slopes is known as
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Sloping drain
(L
ho
at
C. Side drain
R
ep
D. Cross drain
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
Hill roads, drains on both sides of the road can only be provided if the road runs
P)
wholly through cutting.
M
TE
In the case of side cutting, drains are provided only on one side, usually on the
,D
Hill side.
r
re
tu
Catch drain: -
ec
(L
When the road runs in steep side Hill, the water from the upper slopes comes to
ho
at
R
Divert the water from the hill slope, catch water drains are provided on the same
ep
e
The water from this catch water drain is diverted to the nearest cross drainage
work such as culvert or to a natural stream.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
A. Drain on both side
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
B. Drain on hill side
P)
M
roadway where earth has to be retained from slipping is
TE
,D
known as
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Retaining wall
P)
M
TE
,D
Breast wall
r
re
A breast is wall constructed to prevent the soil on a natural slope
tu
ec
of embankment from sliding down the slope due to effects of
(L
ho
at
R
ep
Retaining wall
e
ad
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Only on the hill side of road
ec
(L
B. Only on the opposite side of Hill
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
TE
,D
A. Emulsion is used for stabilizing desert sand
r
re
tu
B. Soil lime stabilization is very effective for stabilizing
ec
(L
black cotton soils
course
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
M
TE
Stabilisation is the process of improving the engineering
,D
properties of the soil before construction.
r
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
yellow colour which corresponds specifically to the coloration of
at
sand. R
eep
ad
Pr
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
TE
,Dr
Objective Questions
re
tu
ec
(L
(151 to 160)
Highway Engineering
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 151) For sandy soils the most common method of
M
TE
stabilization is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Soil cement stabilization
(L
ho
at
C. Soil lime stabilization
R
ep
D. Soil bitumen stabilization
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
properties of soil and making it more stable.
M
TE
1. Cement Stabilization: -
,D
Is done by mixing pulverised soil and
r
re
tu
portland cement with water and compacting the mix to attain a
ec
(L
strong material.
P)
M
for stabilization of clayey soils.
TE
,Dr
re
4. Bitumen Stabilization: -
tu
ec
Is generally done with asphalt as binder.
(L
re
ho
drying period.
at
R
eep
determined by trial.
Q. 152) In which one of the following types of bituminous
P)
M
Constructions is proportioning of materials determined
TE
,D
from laboratory tests?
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Grouted macadam
D. Bituminous macadam
ad
Pr
Answer C
1. Grouted or penetration macadam: -
P)
The strength is developed due to
M
TE
mechanical interlocking and bond due to soil binder. The stresses induced
,D
due to heavy mixed traffic order to increase the stability of such roads,
r
re
bitumen is used as a binder.
tu
ec
The bitumen is spread over the compacted aggregate surface. The
(L
ho
and binding the aggregate together.
at
R
ep
e
2. Premix Carpet: -
ad
Pr
P)
M
heavier and mixed traffic. In this method coarse and fine
TE
,D
aggregates are used along with bitumen to give dense mass.
r
re
The premix is carefully designed and the aggregates and bitumen
tu
ec
heated separately upto specified temperature and mixed
(L
ho
at
4. Bitumen Macadam: - R
ep
e
ad
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
“Limiting Gradient” on highways?
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Requirement of maximum tractive effort for a short distance
(L
ho
at
C. Efficient drainage conditions
R
ep
D. Alignment design in general
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
Gradient: - It is the rate of rise or fall of road level along its length.
P)
M
TE
1. Maximum gradient: - It is the maximum or steepest or limiting gradient which
,D
is allowed to be provided in a road and which must never be exceeded in any
r
re
part of the road as steeper gradient are very inconvenient to the traffic, more
tu
ec
specially for slow moving traffic.
(L
ho
at
gradient in the alignment of the road.
R
eep
3. Minimum gradient: - Provided on flat or level road to drain off rain water.
ad
Pr
P)
M
in 20, a horizontal curve of radius 80 m is encountered.
TE
,D
The compensated gradient on curve will be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 1 in 15
D. 1 in 27
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,D
its maximum value is fixed considering the need to
r
re
tu
ec
A. Avoid toppling of slow moving vehicles in mixed traffic flow
(L
ho
at
C. Provide drainage
R
ep
D. Counteract centrifugal force due to 75% of design speed
e
ad
Pr
Answer A
P)
Design of superelevation
M
Superelevation is designed for the particular vehicle called design
TE
,D
vehicle which has some standard weight and dimensions. But in
r
re
the actual case, the road has mixed traffic conditions. Different
tu
ec
vehicles require different values of superelevation.
(L
P)
M
design, which one of the following factors decides the
TE
,D
thickness of base and surface course?
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Percentage of subgrade soil passing 75 Micron sieve
P)
M
Step 1. First the value of group index is found out by equation
TE
GI = 0.2a + 0.005ac + 0.01bd
,Dr
re
tu
Step 2. Traffic is estimate and classified as
ec
(L
re
ho
medium (40-300) and
at
heavy (>300) R
ep
e
ad
Pr
M
TE
mainly due to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Inadequate wearing course
(L
ho
at
C. Use of excessive bituminous material
R
ep
D. Fatigue arising from repeated stress applications
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Failure of flexible pavements
P)
1. Map or Alligator cracking:
M
TE
-Occurs due to fatigue.
,Dr
re
2. Consolidation of pavement layers: -
tu
ec
Repeated loads on same location of the
(L
ho
causing depression (ruts) on the road
at
R
ep
3. Shear failure: - Weakness of pavement
e
ad
P)
M
TE
5. Longitudinal cracking: -
,D
Due to differential volume changes or
r
re
other reasons such as frost action, settlement
tu
ec
of embankment etc
(L
M
TE
,Dr
re
A. Provide bond between old and new surfacing
tu
ec
B. Improve riding quality of pavement
(L
ho
at
of new construction
R
ep
D. Control dust nuisance
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
1. Prime coat: - It is recommended when the first coat of bituminous
M
TE
surface is done on an existing pervious texture base such as WBM road.
,Dr
re
2. Tack coat: - It is usually recommended when bituminous surfacing is
tu
ec
done over an existing cement concrete top or already existing black top
(L
ho
at
R
3. Seal coat: - It is usually recommended as a final coat over certain
ep
e
P)
M
TE
A. Three factors namely, allowable values of rate of change of
,D
centrifugal acceleration and superelevation and the minimum
r
re
tu
length formula given by the IRC
ec
(L
re
ho
superelevation
at
R
C. Two factors, namely, rate of change of superelevation and
ep
minimum length formula given by the IRC
e
ad
Pr
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
Objective Questions
TE
,D
(161 to 175)
r
re
tu
ec
(L
Engineering
Pr
Q. 161) The radius of horizontal curve is 100 metres. The
P)
design speed is 50 kmph and design coefficient of lateral
M
TE
friction is 0.15. What would be the rate of superelevation if
,Dr
full lateral friction is considered?
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 1 in 15.8
R
ep
C. 1 in 25.0
e
ad
D. 1 in 32.6
Pr
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
mm that a standard needle would penetrate vertically into bitumen
TE
sample under standard conditions of test.
,Dr
re
tu
By this test we can determine the hardness or softness value of bitumen.
ec
(L
ho
at
test on bitumen to grade the material in
terms of its hardness. R
ep
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
C. Softening point of bitumen indicates the point at which bitumen
,Dr
attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of the
re
tu
test. Take small amount of bitumen sample and heat it up to 75-100oC.
ec
(L
Ring and ball apparatus is used to conduct this test.
M
TE
contraction joints should respectively be provided at
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 50 m and 32 m
(L
ho
at
C. 25 m and 10 m
R
ep
D. 25 m and 32 m
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
Expansion joints: - The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow the
TE
,D
expansion of the pavement due to rise in temperature with respect to
r
re
construction temperature.
tu
ec
Spacing between 50 to 500 ft (15 to 150 m)
(L
at
contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature below the
R
ep
construction temperature.
e
ad
TE
,Dr
re
tu
A. Flexible pavement
ec
(L
B. Rigid pavement
P)
M
TE
Reflective cracking can include cracks that occur away from an underlying
,D
joint.
r
re
tu
ec
Reflection cracking is observed in
(L
ho
at
R
Problem: Allows moisture infiltration
ep
e
pavement ride.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
While negotiating a horizontal curve, the driver has a tendency to follow the inner
TE
of the pavement. This reduces the effective width of the pavement at curves. In
,D
order to have a smooth operation at curves, you need to provide an extra widening
r
re
at the curve of the road.
tu
ec
The IRC recommended a value of extra widening formula for psychological reasons
(L
Wep = V / 9.5 √r
at
While negotiating a curve, rear wheels have a tendency to follow the inner track. To
R
ep
accommodate this, there will be a widening is provided called mechanical widening
e
The off-tracking in a highway is one the main criteria during curve widening design.
The IRC value for the mechanical widening is given by
Wem = nL² / 2R
Q. 166) Which one of the following items of Hill Road
P)
M
Construction does not help in the prevention of landslides
TE
,D
in the monsoon season
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Retaining walls
D. Hair-pin bends
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
Breast wall:- A breast is wall constructed to prevent the soil on a natural slope of
M
embankment from sliding down the slope due to effects of weather, erosion etc.
TE
,Dr
Retaining wall:- A retaining wall is used when artificial excavation is done.
re
tu
ec
Catch drain: - When the road runs in steep side Hill, the water from the upper
(L
ho
at
R
Divert the water from the hill slope, catch water drains are provided on the same
ep
side as the side drains, running parallel to the road.
e
ad
Pr
The water from this catch water drain is diverted to the nearest cross drainage
work such as culvert or to a natural stream.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
the speed of the drum is increased to 50 rpm, then the
TE
,D
abrasion value will
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Increase
D. Be unpredictable
ad
Pr
Answer A
Los Angeles Abrasion Test:- It consists of a hollow cylindrical machine
closed at both ends having 70 cm internal diameter and 50 cm long,
P)
mounted on supports so that it may rotate about its horizontal axis.
M
TE
Steel spherical balls 4.5 cm diameter and weight 390 grams to 445 grams.
,D
The weight and number of balls per charge of aggregate depends upon
r
re
the grading of aggregate simple.
tu
ec
Procedure:-
(L
re
ho
2. Machine is rotated at a speed of 30 to 33 r.p.m. For 500-1000 r.p.m
at
depending on grading. R
ep
3. Sample is taken out and sieved through 1.7 mm I.S. Sieve and weight of
e
ad
P)
M
superelevation is specified as 1 in 120 and the road width
TE
,D
is 10 m, then the minimum length of the transition curve
r
re
tu
on either end will be
ec
(L
C. 80 m
ad
Pr
D. 30 m
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
3% up gradient and 5% down gradient. To provide a
M
TE
stopping distance of 128 m, the length of summit curve
,Dr
needed will be
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 298 m
R
ep
C. 322 m
e
ad
D. 340 m
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
bituminous pavement?
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Use of soft bitumen
(L
ho
at
C. Low bitumen content
R
ep
D. Use of open graded aggregates
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
P)
M
Disintegration in Bituminous Pavements and their Causes
TE
Caused by insufficient compaction of the surface, insufficient asphalt in
,D
the mix, loss of adhesion between the asphalt coating and aggregate
r
re
tu
particles, or overheating of the mix.
ec
(L
ho
raveling. Raveling is the wearing away of the pavement surface caused by
at
R
the dislodging of aggregate particles and the loss of asphalt binder. As the
eep
raveling continues, larger pieces are broken free, and the pavement takes
ad
Pr
on a rough appearance.
Q.171) In desire-line diagram
P)
M
TE
A. Width of desire-line is proportional to the number of trips in
,D
one direction
r
re
tu
B. Length of the desire-line is proportional to the number of trips
ec
(L
in both directions
P)
M
TE
The origin and destination studies give idea of the number of
,D
vehicular traffic, their origin and destination in each zone of
r
re
tu
study.
ec
(L
P)
The variable on the y-axis is
M
TE
,Dr
re
tu
ec
(L
P)
M
K = modulus of subgrade reaction, u = poisson’s ratio of concrete
TE
h = thickness of slab, P = wheel load
,Dr
re
tu
The combination of parameters required for obtaining the radius of
ec
relative stiffness of cement concrete slab is
(L
C. E, h, K, u
ad
Pr
D. P, h, K, u
Answer C
P)
M
TE
,Dr
re
tu
ec
Where,
(L
re
ho
E = Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete kg/cm²
at
R
u = Poisson ratio of cement concrete = 0.15
ep
e
P)
hour
M
TE
2. Pedestrian volume is high
,D
3. Total right turning traffic is high
r
re
4. A road in a hilly region
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
against
at
R
ep
A. 1 and 3
e
ad
B. 1 and 4
Pr
C. 2 and 4
D. 2 and 3
P)
M
TE
Answer A
,Dr
re
Guidelines for the selection of rotary:-
tu
ec
1. Traffic volume entering from all roads is 500 to 3000 vehicles per hour.
(L
ho
3. If the number of intersecting roads is between 4 and 7 then rotaries
at
R
can be constructed with advantage
eep
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
of weather such as physical and chemical action of rain and ground water and
TE
effects of atmosphere etc. The durability of aggregates is determined by
,D
soundness test.
r
re
tu
ec
Abrasion:- The aggregates used in the surface course are subjected to constant
(L
re
ho
road by grinding action is known as abrasion.
at
R
ep
Attrition:- The mutual rubbing of stones also causes wear in the aggregates. This
e
ad
Crazing:- Breaking up of road surface layer through cracking into irregular shaped
areas.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
🙏☺
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
Objective Questions
TE
,D
(176 to 190)
r
re
tu
ec
(L
Engineering
Pr
Q. 176) Ratio of the width of the car parking area required
P)
M
at kerb for 30° parking relative to 60° parking is
TE
,D
approximately
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 0.5
D. 2.0
ad
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
where subgrade strength is uneven.
M
TE
2. Load carrying capacity of rigid pavements depends more on the
,D
properties of concrete then the strength of subgrade.
r
re
3. Compared to flexible pavements, rigid pavements are more affected by
tu
ec
temperature variations.
(L
r
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
rigidity and high modulus of elasticity of the slab itself.
at
R
eep
ad
Pr
Q. 178) For the relationship u = 55 – 0.44 k, where u is this
P)
M
speed in kmph and k is the density in vpkm, what will be
TE
,D
the maximum flow in vph?
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 1718
D. 125
ad
Pr
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
1. Study accident pattern
TE
2. Eliminate accidents
,Dr
3. Determine remedial measures
re
tu
4. Make statistical analysis of accidents
ec
(L
ho
at
R
ep
A. 1 and 2 are correct
e
ad
M
TE
,D
Collision diagrams are used to display and identify similar accident
r
re
tu
patterns. They provide information on the type and number of accidents;
ec
including conditions such as time of day, day of week, climatic conditions,
(L
ho
at
R
Collision diagram are most useful to compare the accident pattern before
ep
e
M
TE
an emergency escape ramp provided
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 1 in 200
(L
ho
at
C. Down grade
R
ep
D. Up grade
e
ad
Pr
P)
Answer C
M
TE
,Dr
Runaway truck ramp / Runaway truck lane / Escape lane /
re
tu
Emergency escape ramp / Truck arrester bed:- is a traffic device
ec
(L
re
ho
stop. It is typically a long, sand or gravel-filled lane connected to
at
R
a steep downhill grade section of a main road, and is designed to
ep
M
TE
micron I.S. Sieve in case of sub base/base course would be
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Less than 6
(L
ho
at
C. Greater than 9
R
ep
D. Between 15 and 30
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
,D
Answer A
r
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
WBM for Base / sub base Should be less than 6%
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
Q. 181) Assuming the safe stopping sight distance to be
P)
80 m on a flat Highway section and with a setback distance
M
TE
of 10 m, what would be the radius of the negotiable
,Dr
horizontal curve?
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 160 m
R
ep
C. 80 m
e
ad
D. 70 m
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
higher than that at 2.5 mm, then the test is repeated for
M
TE
checking; and if the check test reveals a similar trend
,Dr
trend, then the CBR value is to be reported as the
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. Higher value minus the lower value
R
ep
C. Lower value corresponding to 2.5 mm penetration
e
ad
P)
the corresponding penetration of a standard material.
M
TE
C.B.R. = Test load/Standard load × 100
,Dr
Penetration of plunger (mm) Standard load (kg)
re
2.5 1370
tu
ec
5.0 2055
(L
7.5 2630
re
ho
12.5 3600
The C.B.R. values are usually calculated for penetration of 2.5 mm and 5
at
R
mm. Generally the C.B.R. value at 2.5 mm will be greater that at 5 mm
e ep
and in such a case the former shall be taken as C.B.R. for design purpose.
ad
Pr
If C.B.R. for 5 mm exceeds that for 2.5 mm, the test should be repeated.
If identical results follow, the C.B.R. corresponding to 5 mm penetration
should be taken for design.
Q. 184) A vehicle was stopped in two seconds by fully
P)
M
Jamming the brakes. The skid marks measured 9.8 metres.
TE
,D
The average skid resistance coefficient will be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 0.7
D. 0.25
ad
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
sequence in regard to road construction/design
TE
,D
development?
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Telford, Tresaguet, CBR, Macadam
P)
M
TE
,D
Tresaguet construction was started in 1764 AD in France.
r
re
tu
ec
Telford construction was started in 1803 AD in London (England).
(L
P)
M
reinforced concrete road is to place a single layer of
TE
,D
reinforcement
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Near the bottom of the slab
,Dr
re
tu
The greater quantity of reinforcement should be place In the
ec
(L
longitudinal direction. Further the reinforcement should either
M
TE
accommodate the traffic volume corresponding to
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 30th hour
(L
ho
at
C. ADT
R
ep
D. 15-min peak period
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
Answer A
TE
,Dr
re
tu
Design Hour Volume (DHV) is the hourly traffic volume used in the
ec
(L
design of highways.
ho
at
exceeded only 29 times In a year and all hourly volumes of the year will
be less than this value. R
ep
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 188) The amount of mechanical energy imposed on the
M
TE
aggregate during aggregate impact test is of the order of
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 5320 kg-cm
(L
ho
at
C. 7980 kg-cm
R
ep
D. 11400 kg-cm
e
ad
Pr
Answer C
Procedure of Impact test
P)
M
1. Sample 10 mm to 12.5 mm using sieve.
TE
2. Sample transferred to the cup of the impact test apparatus and compacted by tamping road
,D
25 times.
r
3. Now the hammer is raised to a height of 38 cm above the surface of the aggregate in the
re
tu
cup and is allowed to fall freely on the specimen.
ec
4. 15 blows are given.
(L
re
ho
at
Impact value = W2/W1 × 100
R
ep
Where W2 is the weight of sample.
e
ad
Pr
In impact test 15 blows of 14 kg hamer with a drop of 38 cm are given. Therefore mechanical
energy imposed on aggregate is
= 15 × 14 × 38 = 7980 kg.cm
P)
Q. 189) Which one of the following binders is
M
TE
recommended for a wet and cold climate?
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 80/100 penetration asphalt
(L
ho
at
C. Cutback
R
ep
D. Emulsion
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
M
TE
Bitumen emulsion is a mixture of water & bitumen. The bitumen
,Dr
content in the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is
re
tu
water.
ec
(L
P)
M
for highways, which one of the following pairs is not
TE
,D
correctly matched?
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. Stability value............. 340 min
design mix.
Marshall method
Used for bituminous
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
Objective Questions
TE
,D
(191 to 200)
r
re
tu
ec
(L
Engineering
Pr
Q. 191) It was noted that on a section of road, the free
P)
speed was 80 kmph and the jam density was 70 kmph. The
M
TE
maximum flow in vph that could be expected on this road
,Dr
is
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 1400
R
ep
C. 2800
e
ad
D. 5600
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
1. Rider comfort.
M
TE
2. Headlight sight distance
,Dr
3. Drainage
re
tu
ec
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(L
C. 2 and 3
Pr
D. 1 and 2
Answer A
Valley (Sag) curves are those curves which have convexity downwards.
They are formed under the four following conditions:
P)
1. When a negative gradient meets another mild negative gradient
M
TE
2. When a negative gradient meets a level zero gradient
,D
3. When a negative gradient meets with a positive gradient
r
re
4. When a positive gradient meets another steeper positive gradient
tu
ec
(L
ho
night time the only source of visibility becomes headlight in the absence
at
of street lights. R
eep
moving along a valley curve acts downwards along with the weight of the
vehicle and this adds to the stress induced in the spring of the vehicle
which causes jerking of the vehicle.
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
A. Bird baths:- form typically as the result of settlement due to
TE
inadequate compaction of the material under the asphalt during
,Dr
construction and are particularly noticeable after a rain.
re
tu
ec
(L
re
ho
bond between the wearing course and underlying base course
at
R
etc. This results in opening up and loss of material forming pot
ep
e
P)
the degradation of an asphalt top coat. Once the top layer of
M
TE
asphalt bitumen wears down water and sunlight will continue to
,D
damage the asphalt surface causing the bond between asphalt
r
re
tu
bitumen and aggregate rock to break. When water begins to
ec
(L
intrude into an asphalt surface it will cause further cracks and
to poor drainage.
Pr
P)
Q. 194) For carrying out bituminous patch work during the
M
TE
rainy season, the most suitable binder is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Road tar
(L
ho
at
C. Cutback bitumen
R
ep
D. Bituminous emulsion
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Patching is the process of filling potholes or excavated areas in
P)
M
the asphalt pavement.
TE
,Dr
re
Bitumen emulsion is a mixture of water & bitumen. The bitumen
tu
ec
content in the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is
(L
ho
at
R
1. Emulsion can be used in wet weather even when it is raining.
eep
ad
P)
M
equivalent granular overlay thickness required for an
TE
,D
allowable deflection of 1 mm as per original IRC guidelines
r
re
tu
is
ec
(L
C. 133 mm
ad
Pr
D. 166 mm
Answer D
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
of lateral friction is 0.15 and the design speed 40 kmph.
M
TE
The equilibrium superelevation (for equal pressure on
,Dr
inner and outer wheels) would be
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 7
R
ep
C. 6.3
e
ad
D. 4.6
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
ascending gradient of 1 in 40, then the length of valley
TE
,D
curve required for head light distance of 100 m will be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 30 m
D. 630 m
ad
Pr
P)
M
Answer B
TE
,Dr
re
Head light sight distance
tu
ec
is the distance visible to a
(L
ho
at
under the illumination of
R
ep
head lights.
e
ad
Pr
Q. 198) An ascending gradient of 1 in 100 meets a
P)
descending gradient of 1 in 50. The length of summit curve
M
TE
required to provide overtaking sight distance of 500 m will
,Dr
be
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 781 m
R
ep
C. 470 m
e
ad
D. 170 m
Pr
Answer B
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
matched?
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Horizontal curves........................ Superelevation
(L
ho
at
C. Los Angeles test.......................... Hardness of aggregates
R
ep
D. Soundness test............................ Purity of bitumen
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
P)
M
TE
Durability:- Aggregates used in pavements have to withstand the
,D
adverse action of weather such as physical and chemical action
r
re
tu
of rain and ground water and effects of atmosphere etc.
ec
(L
The durability of aggregates is determined by soundness test.
P)
intermediate sight distance as per IRC standards? (SSD:
M
TE
stopping sight distance; OSD: overtaking sight distance)
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. 2 SSD
(L
ho
at
C. (OSD – SSD) / 2
R
ep
D. 2 OSD
e
ad
Pr
P)
M
TE
,Dr
re
Answer A
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
R
ep
e
ad
Pr
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
🙏☺
re
r ,D
TE
M
P)
Thank You For Watching
P)
M
(201 to 207 END)
TE
,Dr
Last Part
re
tu
ec
(L
Engineering
e
ad
Pr
Q. 201) Consider the following:
1. L.L. of soil,
2. P.L. of soil,
P)
3. S.L of soil
M
TE
4. Annual average rainfall,
,D
5. Temperature of soil
r
re
tu
ec
As per the latest IRC guidelines, the set of essential data required to
(L
re
ho
Benkelman beam study would include
at
R
ep
A. 1,2 and 4
e
ad
B. 1,2,3 and 4
Pr
C. 2,3 and 5
D. 4 and 5
P)
M
Answer A
TE
,Dr
re
The seasonal variation cause variation in subgrade moisture. The
tu
ec
plasticity index (LL – PL) and annual average rainfall are the data
(L
ho
at
R
ep
Temperature correction is separately applied.
e
ad
Pr
P)
Q. 202) As per latest IRC guidelines for designing flexible
M
TE
pavement by CBR method, the load parameter required is
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Number of commercial vehicles per day
(L
ho
at
C. Equivalent single axle load
R
ep
D. Number of vehicles (all types) during design life
e
ad
Pr
Answer B
P)
M
Indian roads congress has specified the design procedures for flexible
TE
,D
pavements based on:-
r
re
1. Design traffic in terms of cumulative number of standard axles and
tu
ec
2. CBR value of subgrade.
(L
P)
cement concrete slab are 210 N/mm², 290N/mm² and
M
TE
10N/mm² respectively, the critical combination of stresses
,Dr
during summer midday is
re
tu
ec
(L
ho
at
B. 390 N/mm²
R
ep
C. 490 N/mm²
e
ad
D. 590 N/mm²
Pr
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
average coefficient of friction between the tyres and the
TE
,D
pavement is 0.4, then the speed of the vehicle before
r
re
tu
skidding would have been nearly
ec
(L
C. 40 kmph
ad
Pr
D. 50 kmph
Answer C
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
P)
M
cross at an uncontrolled intersection, the total number of
TE
,D
potential major conflict points would be
r
re
tu
ec
(L
A. 32
D. 4
ad
Pr
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
M
TE
blending (admixture) bitumen with
,Dr
re
tu
ec
A. Kerosene
(L
ho
at
C. Diesel
R
ep
D. Petrol
e
ad
Pr
Answer D
Cutback bitumen:- Normal practice is to heat bitumen to reduce its
P)
M
viscosity. In cutback bitumen suitable solvent is used to lower the
TE
viscosity of the bitumen. From the environmental point of view also
,D
cutback bitumen is preferred. The solvent from the bituminous material
r
re
tu
will evaporate and the bitumen will bind the aggregate.
ec
(L
ho
at
kerosene, diesel oil, and furnace oil.
R
ep
e
P)
year of completion of construction is expected to be 2000
M
TE
commercial vehicles per day. Vehicle damage factor = 3.0, land
,D
distribution factor = 0.75. Assuming annual rate of traffic growth
r
re
tu
as 7.5%, design traffic, expressed as cumulative number of
ec
(L
standard axles, is
C. 10.1 × 106
Pr
D. 5.3 × 106
Answer A
Pr
ad
e ep
R
at
ho
re
(L
ec
tu
re
r,D
TE
M
P)
TE
,Dr
re
Thank You For Watching
tu
ec
(L