Machine

. State General criteria tor Design of

Foundation.
machine foundation is overned
The design ot
by Some very important points regarding
are
ts selection and Design. The points
discussed as be louw
#1. Foundation must be able to carry
Super imposed load without causing

she ar/ crushing failure.

* . settlements to foundation must be in
permissible limits.
43. Centre of gravity of foundation tha
of the machie must be in 33me

vertical line.
4 . No resenane shoul take place. Natura
trequeney at found ation mus+ be toe
arge oY too smallthan natural frequen-
machine.
#S. The amplitudes under service conditions
must be under permissible limits.
*6. unbalanced force moments must be as
lo 2s possible.
Subsequent alteration of Natural
requeney ot found ation must be
possible either by changing base area
or mass.
 -2
Requirement of Machine Foundation
. 1t must be seperated from adjecent
building components.
2. Steam/Hot air ISoLATBD
pipes must be émbeded.

3. Acid resisting coating must be applied

on toundation.

4. Its level must be lower than adjecent

building foundations.

5, &rounduater table must be lo.

 Explain The
Following 1-
) Free Vibrations Fored VibrationS
Free vibrations occure influence
under
enherent force vibrations thout any
externa) force, However to start the free
vibraBlons, Some external Force or natural
disturbance is
required. once started, the vibraion
Continue3 auithou any externa) foree.
Forced vibratins occur because ot
intluence of Some external force. Such vibrations
are
generated in a toundaBion ot a continuouy
working machine.

2 Natunl Frequensy, Erequensy ratio

The system under free vibrations
vibrates at a
frequency known as Naural
Frequency. The Natural Frequemey is the
ch aracteristic Frequeney of the system. A
3ystem may have one or more +han one
natural Frequeney.

- The
ratio of (Forced)
natural
Frequency to
Frequency fR) is known 2s
'Frequenty
ratio

-
This ratio is
always kept less +han
0-S or
greater than S to avoid reSenance.
3 Vjscous damping, damping Ratho-

ViScous damping is the dissipation of

energy such that every partieal is resisted
by foree proportional to the velo city ot
partieal 3n
opposite direction,
Tt 1S expressed as,

C Damping constant
Velocity of vibrating system at
any instant.
-The ratio of Damping constant/ Damping
coeff, 'c' to the
ecis
criticaldamp1ng coeffinet
knowm a3. damping ratio. 'd'

4Oventuned Undertuned Foundations-

A machine foundat1on cohose fundamenta)
natural trequeney s
greater than that of the
oper ating frequency of the mounted machine,
iS called as overtuned Foundation:
A machine foundat ion shose
fundamental natural frequency is lower than
that of the operating frequency ot the
machine is called as Umder tumed Foundation_
5 Dynamve Magniflcation Fastor t

The of magnitude of a speedy

ratio
state vibration a forced ystem (zmax) to
the atatic displacement is known 3 magnificatio
Factor, Represented by 'm.

M E

4Dr(t-r**
DDamping Ratio(4
T:Frequency Ratio,

6 Resonance
T i s a term that otrurs tn foreed
vibrat ions. Re donante is s t a g e at
hich
trequemey af exi tat ion becomes Cual to
that ot natral frequeney o he 9stem
Ampiitude e mtim becomes e arqE
An exitation orce i a constant force
exit ation is 120kN. The natural frequeney of
machine foundation is 6Hz. The damping factor
is 0:38. Determine the magnitude
transmitted foree, an operating frequency of 1oHz.

Exitation toree f F 120 kN

Natural Frequency fn 6Hz
Operating Frequency, F 1oHz
DDamping Factor 0:38

i Magnification Factor
M

Japr+C1-r*)*
where, 1:67
1
M

M O.456

iiy Transmitted Force:

FTF M/14 4pr
1t0 x 0456J1+ 4Co 38TCt.67T
FTE88. 42kN
 1-
oAmachine weighing 60okN, is m ounhed en a
concrete block re sting on so1 The base
ares ot concrete is3om & weight 13 1so kN.
The coefficient of elastie uniform compression
of soil 1s1.4xfoS *N/nm alculate the natura)
4requeney of system.

Gwen-
Weight omachine =
60o kM
weight of foundation 150 k
ase area A e
30m
Ceeff, o elastie uniform compression,
Cu 1.4 xtoS ka ImS

Total weight of machine + Found ation

6oo+15o
4 50 kN

Mas of machine foundation 76.45kg

e A w on
Now, wn: Cireular Frequeney =
A
14x10 x30
76.45
234 39
Natural requeney, fn : Wn = 254.39
21T 2

37.3o4 Hz
BLOCK FOUNDAT ION FOR HORIZONTAL COMPRE SSOR

9.S

PLAN
7.5

0-6M Aris of
CompreSsion
9.6m
C.G
ELEVAT10N

Check resenance condition Permissible Amplihude.

Data
?Operathng speed of engine (fm) 150RPm
2 Hori 2omtal unbalanced force n direct ion
of piston (Px)= 12t
37 Weight of machine = 36 t
4 Hor. force ot 12t which act
o 6m
aboveoundation level & 6t vertical force.
5Nature ot Soil
Sandy
5 Bearing capacity = 2t/m2
CT E
2 25x1o tlm'
(C)
8 Cu 2x1o3 t/m3 (Cu)
9 Ca 9x463 A/mCG)
4o Grade ot concrete mi5o
 Ma
ixiy vol.x24 t/ wt/9-81
l seeImt

7.5 26 46 46 3 2

As this 1s symetrieal foundat ion, c. of

Block R 8ase area are coin sid ing, etheruise
should be within 5 7.

Momet caused by the horizontal

exeiting force (P*) acting at 0.6m above
top of foundation 1evel CMy

My: 12[2.6+ O.63 384 t-m

Operating frequency of machine (fm) 15oRP

Circalar regueney (um) 2m (15%)= 15.71
See1|
M.T. B a s e area passing through c. . of
base Iy)

13

Ty 538.86 m4
 M-10)
vertical Frequemey (Single Deqree System)

2X10 x9.5x7.S
45.32

56.07

It is far aw2y trom 15.7 (Aay rom 2 o i

No posbilihy of resonanee,
S-1 202
overtuned

Amphhude Saft Found otion

56.07
is7
Machihe Frequan y LNatunal Freq
vertical Amplitude
Pa
m u-wym)
Natura Machine
frequenty eguecy
6t
(45-34 [cs6.61C15.71]
4-5 699K10 mn
0 . b4S6 mm <0.2mm (t$2+4

veTtical amplitude is within permissible

imit
r Safe bvom Resonaun Ct a
Desi
Aum plit ude Critela.