Eastern Mediterranean University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Laboratory Handout

 COURSE: MENG 331 - Dynamics of Machinery

Semester: FALL 2019-2020

L ab Name: Damped free vibrations

Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Qasım Zeeshan

Assistant/ Lab Instructor: Mr. Tauqeer Nasir
Student no: 16701263 name, surname: Ahmad abu qabah
Student no: 16700755 name, surname: Abdallah Abu alhaj
Student no: 16700885 name, surname: Saeed Altorkmany
Student no: 16701104 name, surname: Momen Abumuhsen
Student no: 16701110 name, surname: Hamdan Daraghma

…………………………………………………………………………………….....
EVALUATION
 List of content
1-inroduction ………………………………………………………3.4, 5, 6
2-apparatus ………………………………………………………....6, 7
3-procedure …………………………………………………………8.9
4-analysis …………………………………………………………….10, 11
5-conclusion………………………………………………………….11, 12
 1-Introduction:
Vibration: is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.

The word comes from Latin vibrational ("shaking, brandishing"). The oscillations may

be periodic, such as the motion of a pendulum—or random, such as the movement of a tire on a

gravel road.

Vibration can be desirable: for example, the motion of a tuning fork, the reed in a woodwind

instrument or harmonica, a mobile phone, or the cone of a loudspeaker.

In many cases, however, vibration is undesirable, wasting energy and creating unwanted sound.

For example, the vibrational motions of engines, electric motors, or any mechanical device in

operation are typically unwanted. Such vibrations could be caused by imbalances in the rotating

parts, uneven friction, or the meshing of gear teeth. Careful designs usually minimize unwanted

vibrations.

The studies of sound and vibration are closely related. Sound, or pressure waves, are generated

by vibrating structures (e.g. vocal cords); these pressure waves can also induce the vibration of

structures (e.g. ear drum). Hence, attempts to reduce noise are often related to issues of vibration.

And vibration divided into 3 types

Free vibration: occurs when a mechanical system is set in motion with an initial input and

allowed to vibrate freely. Examples of this type of vibration are pulling a child back on a swing

and letting it go, or hitting a tuning fork and letting it ring. The mechanical system vibrates at

one or more of its natural frequencies and damps down to motionlessness.

Forced vibration: is when a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement or velocity) is applied

to a mechanical system. The disturbance can be a periodic and steady-state input, a transient

input, or a random input. The periodic input can be a harmonic or a non-harmonic disturbance.

Examples of these types of vibration include a washing machine shaking due to an imbalance,

transportation vibration caused by an engine or uneven road, or the vibration of a building during

an earthquake. For linear systems, the frequency of the steady-state vibration response resulting

from the application of a periodic, harmonic input is equal to the frequency of the applied force

or motion, with the response magnitude being dependent on the actual mechanical system.

Damped vibration: When the energy of a vibrating system is gradually dissipated by friction

and other resistances, the vibrations are said to be damped. The vibrations gradually reduce or

change in frequency or intensity or cease and the system rests in its equilibrium position. An

example of this type of vibration is the vehicular suspension dampened by the shock absorber.

Damping types:

1- Viscous damping:

Viscous damping is the dissipation of energy that occurs when a particle in a vibrating

system is resisted by a force the magnitude of which is a constant, independent of

displacement and velocity, and the direction of which is opposite to the direction of the

velocity of the particle.

 Viscous damping coefficient given force Fig1

2- Coulomb damping(dry –friction):

Coulomb damping is a type of constant mechanical damping in which energy is absorbed

via sliding friction..

fig2

3- Solid damping :

The damping due to internal friction within the material itself

 Fig3

When zeta >1 overdamped

Zeta=1 critically damped

Zeta <1 underdamped

Zeta =0 undamped,

Where zeta is the damping ratio = actual damping/ critical damping

2-apparatus:

From the universal vibration apparatus

 1- Steel beam

2- And motor

3- Speed controller for the motor

4- Viscous damping drum

5- A paper for the frequency

 It consist from several tools but this what we need for the experiment

Vibration apparatus Fig 4

 3-Procedure:

1. Switch on the speed control unit

2. Connect the lead from the motor to the auxiliary supply socket on the motor and

speed control box

3. Set the dashpot at any distance and then pull the beam down a short distance and

release for oscillations

4. Note the free vibrations by bringing the recording pen into contact with the paper to

produce a trace of the decaying amplitude. This will produce a trace of the decaying

applied amplitude on the chart recorder paper.

Fig 3
 5. Rotate the exciter discs at a very low speed and obtain a datum trace for the forced

vibration part.

6. Increase the speed of rotation to develop forced vibration of reasonable amplitude in

the beam. This is shown in figure 4 on the next page.

Fig 6

7. Obtain a second trace on the paper mounted on the plate. The amplitude will be much

higher.

8. Repeat the procedure for different speeds below and above the critical speed to be

able to observe different amplitudes.

9. At the left end of the beam, now connect the damper. Repeat steps 5 to 8 for the

damped system.

10. Now obtain a final trace on the paper to be able to compare the amplitudes of the

damped and undamped system as well as with the free vibration to the forced

vibration part.
 4-Analysis

1- forced undamped vibration

Amplitude and frequency was on a cantilever beam

The high amplitude on the paper represent the resonance phenomenon happened when one of

the natural frequencies coincides with the excitation frequency

2-Forced viscous damped frequency and amplitude

 Fig 8
The damping we introduce to the system decrease the amplitude high and dissipates the
vibration energy as well as reduces the vibration resonance.

Conclusion:
From this following test, it was inferred that dampers are significant in a vibratory
framework. Vibration happens in practically a wide range of frameworks for instance, a
vehicle experiencing an unpleasant street will create a progression of vibrations that can be
incredibly risky if the full condition happens. Along these lines, this is the place the
motivation behind a damper comes into thought, as it controls the measure of vibrations
created in a framework by keeping them underneath the regular recurrence.

The reaction of a vibrating framework for the most part relies upon the underlying conditions
just as any type of outside excitations. The vibrations which happen in a
Mechanical gear frequently results from powers which emerge from the utilitarian activity of
the hardware. Subsequently, examining a vibrating framework will include setting up a
numerical model, inferring and fathoming conditions relating to the

Model, deciphering the outcomes and presumptions and reanalyze or upgrade if need be.

We can improve the trial by Apparatus upgrades. For example Utilizing a

Mechanized framework will improve the investigation's precision and give ease while
playing out the examination. This strategy is applied in some hardware for instance in a
vehicle wheel suspension it is joined in it so as to empower the vehicle to go through street
knocks or runs effectively.

To accomplish increasingly dependable outcomes, the accompanying

Measures can be taken:

• Avoid the parallax blunder when taking readings from the thermometer.

• Use appropriately aligned estimating instruments

• Repeat the investigation and take the normal for precise outcomes.