Q1. Is the process involved in the premium express scheme under statistical control?

Xbar Chart
0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4

Upon initial observation, the process appears to be well-contained within the upper and lower
control limits. However, there is a noticeable pattern in which the process consistently veers
either above the control line (mean) and towards the upper control limit (UCL), or below the
control line and towards the lower control limit (LCL). This recurring variability indicates the
presence of common cause (random) variation and warrants further investigation.

Q2. Is the Process Capable of meeting the target defect rate?

The GATI process meets the design specifications with Cp=1, indicating it can consistently
produce within those bounds. Additionally, Cpk equals Cp, signifying that the process is
centred. Nevertheless, to enhance process performance, management must address common
cause variations or consider process redesign to narrow the design specifications. The aim is
to boost the process capability (Cpk) beyond 1.

Q3. Explain what can be done to identify the major causes of delay in the shipment.

By employing various quality management tools, we can enhance our problem-solving and
process improvement efforts:

 Cause-and-effect diagrams, also known as Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams, help us

identify a multitude of potential causes for a specific effect or issue and then
categorize these ideas effectively.
 Cause and Effect Matrices allow us to visually represent the relationships between
key input variables and the resulting outputs.
 Control charts, in the form of graphs, enable us to analyze how a process evolves over
time. By comparing present data to historical control limits, we can draw conclusions
about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or erratic (out of
control), influenced by special causes of variation.
 Histograms, which are commonly used graphs, serve to display frequency
distributions by showing how frequently each distinct value within a dataset occurs.
  Pareto charts, in the form of bar graphs, highlight the most significant factors in a
dataset, helping prioritize areas for improvement.
 Scatter diagrams, presenting numerical data pairs on axes, aid in the exploration of
relationships between variables.

This graph clearly indicates that the primary cause of delay was:

1. Overreliance on local vendors with limited resources (related to vehicle or labour

shortages).

Following closely, the second major contributor to delivery delays was: 2. The absence of
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).

And thirdly, a notable factor leading to delivery delays was: 3. Delays in the loading and
unloading processes.