1) Define HCI. What is the importance of good design?

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the field of study that focuses on optimizing how users
and computers interact by designing interactive computer interfaces that satisfy users’
needs. It is a multidisciplinary subject covering computer science, behavioral sciences,
cognitive science, ergonomics, psychology, and design principles. Today, HCI focuses on
designing, implementing, and evaluating interactive interfaces that enhance user experience
using computing devices. This includes user interface design, user-centered design, and user
experience design.

A basic goal of HCI is

– to improve the interactions between users and computers
– by making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs.

A well-designed interface and screen are important to the users because that’s the window
for them to view the capabilities of the system. It is the vehicle through which many critical
tasks are presented which has a direct impact on the organization’s relationship with the
customers.
Training costs are lowered because training time is reduced.
• support line costs are lowered because fewer assist calls are necessary.
• Employee satisfaction is increased because aggravation and frustration are reduced.
• Ultimately, an organization's customers benefit because of the improved service they
receive.
• Identifying and resolving problems during the design and development process also has
significant economic benefits

The benefits of a good design are:

1. Screens are less crowded
2. Would be less time consuming
3. Screen would be 20 percent more productive
4. Fewer error, hence easily understandable
5. Improve decision-making time
6. Training costs are lower
7. The organization’s customers benefit because of improved services
2) Define and Discuss the importance of User Interface design.
User Interface (UI) Design is the link between users and your website. It includes the
basic design elements that need to be present in order to for someone to navigate
your site and make decisions. It is the ever-evolving relationship between a person
and the system that they are using. It includes the way that your website interacts
with users, the overall design, and how information is presented. There are many
different ways that you can look at the user interface, but the basics always include a
communication from a product to the user and vice versa. UI Design is all about
structure, user manipulation, and communication. This is one of the reasons it’s so
important that you pay close attention to it. It is the basic building block of how your
website is set up and functions when visited by your target audience. If it doesn’t go
smoothly, problems tend to follow. Brand awareness also plays a huge role in UI
 design. By having all your designs follow the same guidelines, you can make sure that
your product or service can become more recognizable.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE USER INTERFACE
• A well-designed interface and screen is terribly important to our users. It is their window
to view the capabilities of the system.
• It is also the vehicle through which many critical tasks are presented. These tasks often
have a direct impact on an organization's relations with its customers, and its profitability.
• A screen's layout and appearance affect a person in a variety of ways. If they are confusing
and inefficient, people will have greater difficulty in doing their jobs and will make more
mistakes.
• Poor design may even chase some people away from a system permanently. It can also
lead to aggravation, frustration, and increased stress.

3) Give a brief history of screen design.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF SCREEN DESIGN
• While developers have been designing screens since a cathode ray tube display was first
attached to a computer, more widespread interest in the application of good design
principles to screens did not begin to emerge until the early 1970s, when IBM introduced its
3270 cathode ray tube text-based terminal.
• A 1970s screen often resembled the one pictured in Figure. It usually consisted of many
fields (more than are illustrated here) with very cryptic and often unintelligible captions.
It was visually cluttered, and often possessed a command field that challenged the user to
remember what had to be keyed into it.
• Ambiguous messages often required referral to a manual to interpret.
• Effectively using this kind of screen required a great deal of practice and patience.
• Most early screens were monochromatic, typically presenting green text on black
backgrounds.
• At the turn of the decade guidelines for text-based screen design were finally made widely
available and many screens began to take on a much less cluttered look through concepts
such as grouping and alignment of elements, as illustrated in Figure 1.2.
• User memory was supported by providing clear and meaningful field captions and by
listing commands on the screen, and enabling them to be applied, through function keys.
Messages also became clearer.
• These screens were not entirely clutter-free, however. Instructions and reminders to the
user had to be inscribed on the screen in the form of prompts or completion aids such as the
codes PR and Sc.
• Not all 1980s screens looked like this, however. In the 1980s, 1970s-type screens were still
being designed, and many still reside in systems today.

4) Write are the benefits of Well-designed interfaces.

Customer Satisfaction
Customer is the key to success for any organization. When customers feel good using
an app, they find joy and feel satisfied. And this satisfaction of the customers comes
from the easy, creative and catchy user interface design.

Growth of the Company

The growth of any company happens for many reasons. Especially in the Information
Technology companies serving with apps and websites, cool and easy to use, the
user interface can create a long-term effect in the growth and development of the
companies.

As customers always look for something new, their psychological need drives
towards something soothing to their eyes and simple in nature. Eventually, a
company can attract more customers and get a better amount of revenue in the end.

Increases Traffic
A dynamic website with intuitive and creative UI design is unstoppable. When the
users get what they want from a site, and the response and the design are entirely
satisfactory, the number of visitors for that site will increase organically.

Making an Impact
For long-term survival; Creating the value and impact of a particular product is
essential in business and technology. And this kind of influence happens when any
organization serves with better products and experiences to its customers.

Communication
Remember that communication is the key to every outstanding achievement. And
your hard work may fail to bring any fruit if your apps or websites fail to
communicate with users because of poor or low-quality user interface design. You
don’t need to bring something extravaganza; instead, bring the simplest and most
accessible way to reach your users.

Productivity Enhancement
A great app or website helps its user to increase productivity. And the usability of the
product increases when it gives a positive vibe in times of interaction.

Cost-Effectiveness
Unique and comprehensive User Interface Design can reduce a company’s operation
and marketing costs. If your digital product provides a brilliant and impressive user
interface design, the user will increase automatically. You don’t have to worry about
the extra cost of marketing. Thus, cost-effectiveness can be achieved by an
improvised policy of providing beautiful user interface design.

Brand Awareness
Companies like Apple, Samsung, or Microsoft spend a lot of time and money creating
competitive user interface designs for their digital and electronic products. A solid
and interactive user interface design can work as branding of that particular
company.
Reducing Confusion
A comprehensive user interface design provides a clear message of the website,
software, or application. As a result, users don’t get confused about anything they
encounter.

Vision
Companies hire UX and UI designers at the early stage of product development to
set their vision and mission, and in the long run, they can communicate with the
audiences properly.