MYP 5 MIDTERM EXAMINATION_CHEMISTRY_DECEMBER_2022

Subject Grade Points Duration Start time

Chemistry Grade 10 A 25 B 25 C 25 130 mins Dec 06, 09:20 am

D 25
Dec 06, 09:20 am(School TZ)

Jell-O

The desserts known as Jell-O® was created in the 19th century in the United States. When
Jell-O® is manufactured, gelatin is dissolved in hot water with sugar, citric acid, arti cial
avor and coloring. Once cooled below 15 °C the Jell-O® slowly forms a gelatin network
which holds a liquid such as water or juice.

Jell-O
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Ingredients of Jell -O
Image 1

Image 2

Q1 Discuss why gelatin networks can become unstable when the temperature A2
rises above 15 °C.

Q2 Use the list of ingredients to determine how to produce a colorless drink with D2
the taste of oranges.

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Q3 Discuss and evaluate environmental and social implication of using additives D 12
such as sugar and arti cial colorings in the preparation of food. You should use
scienti c reasoning to support your answer and consider:

• The bene ts of food additives

• The limitations of food additives
• The effects of food additives on economy and society
• Your appraisal of whether or not additives should be used in the preparation
of food.

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Chemical Kinetics

Carbonates react with acids to produce salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
The equation describes the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2 O
A student wished to measure the production of carbon dioxide in the above reaction. She
considered the
two methods outlined in the diagram.

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Q1 Identify the Independent, dependent, and 2 control variables in the experiment B4
.

Q2 Construct an observation table to record the data that will be collected for C4
Method B. (You may use the table option in the tools provided or use free hand
tool in the drawing tool).

Explanation

You may use any tool relevant to present the data

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The apparatus shown can be used to CO2 gas formed during the reaction . The following table
of data was collected.

Table 1.1.

Time (s) 0 2 4 6 8 1

Volume (cm3 ) 0 10 16 20 2

Q3 Plot a graph of the results shown above in the table. Label both axes and give C6
a suitable title for the graph.

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Q4 One experimental result was missed in table 1.1. C3
What value could it have?

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Nappies - Hydrogel

The main absorbent in disposable material in disposable nappies is hydrogel.

According to a study carried out by the Environment Agency in the UK , 2-3 % of all household
waste is estimated to be disposable nappies. This is approximately 3x 109 nappies , equivalent
to approximately 5x108 kg of waste (nappy+ body waste) each year.
The alternative is reusable nappies. Reusable nappies reduce the demands on land ll but they
affect the environment in other ways due to the water and energy used in washing and drying
them.

Nappies
Image 1

The tables below give some information comparing the production and use of disposable and
reusable nappies. This information is based on nappies being used for 2.5 years. Disposable
nappies are made from plastic backing, hydrogels and an absorbent material called uff pulp.
Reusable nappies are made from cotton and are used with a wool or plastic outer layer.

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Use the information provided about disposable and reusable nappies
Image 1

Q1 Using the data provided above in the tables discuss which type of nappy D5
causes less harm to the environment. In your answer you should include:
Environmental impacts
Advantages and disadvantages for a baby’s carer.
Your opinion about which type of nappy has a lower impact on the
environment.

A student wants to investigate ve different brands of nappies to determine which ones

absorb the most liquid. Disposable nappies will contain a mixture of hydrogel and uff pulp as
absorbents.

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Image 1

Q2 Design a method that the student could follow to identify the brand that B 15
absorbs the most liquid.
In your answer you should include:
The independent , dependent and two control variables.
A list of equipment you will need
How you will collect suf cient data
Details of the method you will use

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Acids and bases

When families are at home, their typical diets will depend on their location and lifestyle but
will not change much.
In this globalized world, many people travel to countries with traditions and cultures that may
be new to them.
Besides seeing the sights, travelers will also try local drinks and foods.
In some cases, there will be a signi cant change in their diet..
In some countries, spicy food and ice cold fruit smoothies are a regular part of local diet. Some
travelers suffer from heartburn when they are abroad because of this change to their diet.

Image 1

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Researchers believe that acidic foods may lead to heartburn. Heartburn happens when acid
leaves the stomach and moves up into the food pipe just above the stomach. This will irritate
the food pipe and will create a burning discomfort.
Three friends have recently moved to a tropical country and love the fruit juices. Fruit juices
are acidic outside the body and stay acidic when digested. Fruit juices can therefore increase
the acidity in the stomach and cause heart burn. The friends are interested in nding out which
fruit juice is most acidic and would lower the PH in the stomach the most.
They used the following method.

Image 1

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Step 1. Using each of the following fruits: apple, pear, grape, cranberry, tomato. Put 100g of cut
up fruit and 100 cm3 of water into the mixer and mix it for 1 min.
Step 2. Filter the mixture.
Step 3. Pour 100 cm3 of each juice into 250 cm3 beaker.
Step 4. Use a pH probe to measure the pH of each juice by dipping the probe into each juice.
Step 5. Repeat for the next fruit. Make sure that you wash the pH probe after each reading.

TABLE .4.1.

Type of fruit jucie pH

Apple 3.5
Pear 3.8
Grape 2.9
Craneberry 2.4
Tomato 4.1

Q1 State the variables in the experiment. B4

Independent, dependent, control variable 1, control variable 2

Q2 State the research question that this experiment would investigate. B2

Q3 Using the data table 4.1. above , identify the fruit juice and pH that could C3
cause the most sever heartburn. Justify your answer using scienti c
reasoning.

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Q4 Present the data in a graph. You need to give your graph an title and label the C5
axes.

Q5 Suggest one improvement and an extension for this investigation. C2

Q6 The data in the table 4.1. was from each fruit. Outline the bene ts of carrying C2
out more than one trial for each experiment.

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Periodicity

Arsenic and lead were two elements used in ancient Greece to create a paler complexion. We
now know that both arsenic and lead are toxic . Arsenic and lead were replaced in the last
century by less toxic compounds such as zinc oxide and more recently by complex mixtures of
different organic compounds.

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History of Make up
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Q1 Use the periodic table, state the group and period of Lead. A2

Q2 Lead is normally found as an ore in the Earth’s crust. The most common lead A4
ore is galena or lead sulphide(PbS). Lead is extracted by heating the ore to
product lead oxide. The lead oxide is reduced using carbon to produce lead
metal according to the equations below.

Balance the equations below

:
___PbS +___ O2 → ___PbO + ___SO2
___PbO + ___C → ___Pb + ____CO2

Q3 Use the above equation to outline why extracting lead from its ore damaging D2
to the environment.

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Q4 Lead is a metal whilst arsenic is a metalloid. A2

State two properties of a lead as a metal.

Q5 Justify whether the properties of lead you gave in question(4) would differ A2
from those of arsenic.

Q6 Arsenic has only one stable isotope Arsenic – 75. Since 2003 , several synthetic A2
isotopes have been identi ed. State the missing values to complete the table.

Isotopes Atomic Atomic Protons Electrons Neutrons

number mass

65As 33 65 33 32

70As 33 70 33 33

Q7 Arsenic reacts with oxygen in the air to form arsenic oxide. Suggest whether A2
or not all the isotope of arsenic react in the same way.

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Bonding - Beach sand

Urbanization has resulted in a large increase in the number of building and road construction
projects. This has led to removal of sand from beaches.
The main chemicals in sand are silicon oxides. Beach sand had rough edges and is ideal for
road construction whereas the sand particles in desert sand are not suitable for construction.
One possible solution is to replace the lost beach sand with silicon oxides from recycled
glass.

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Q1 Silicon oxide is the major component in sand and glass and has the following A2
structure.

State the type of bonding found in silicon oxide and outline how the bond is
formed.

Q2 Glass bottles can be recycled to make sand which can be used to replace D4
beaches which have eroded, and plastic bottles can be recycled to make
plastic pellets for use in the construction of roads and pathways.
Suggest why using recycling glass and plastics would be better for the
environment than burying used bottles as waste.

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Hand warmer

The main role of clothing is protection against the weather. In cold countries natural materials
such as wool and fur have traditionally been used but today man-made bers can be used to
trap body heat. Extra warmth can be provided by chemical reactions.
Hand warmers contain iron powder which releases energy when exposed to oxygen in the
presence of a catalyst.

Hand warmer
Image 1

The equation for the reaction is:

4 Fe+ 3O2 ⇢ 2Fe2 O3

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Q1 State the name given to a reaction in which heat is released. A1

Q2 State the type of bonding in iron and iron oxide. Explain both types of A3
bonding

Q3 Using the periodic table, state the charge of iron ion in Fe2 O3 A1

Q4 Select one other element that forms ions with the same charge as iron in A2
Fe2 O3 . Justify your answer.

Aluminum, Sodium, Carbon, Calcium

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