APES SCRAP BOOK ENTRY 1 Matthew Pinnock

AP Environmental Science Pd. 3

“What made the earthquake in Morocco

so devastating”
By Robin George Andrews from National Geographic

The devastating earthquake that struck Morocco on September 8, 2023, resulted in widespread destruction
and a tragic loss of life. While the earthquake's magnitude, measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale, played a
significant role in the disaster, several factors contributed to its lethality. The earthquake's occurrence at
night caught many residents off guard, making it difficult for them to react. Moreover, the region's
buildings were not designed to withstand such a powerful quake, with unreinforced masonry structures
proving particularly vulnerable.

Morocco sits near the boundary of the Nubian (African) and Eurasian tectonic plates, and it has a history
of seismic activity. However, this earthquake occurred in a region of relatively low seismicity, catching
experts somewhat by surprise. The rupture involved a combination of reverse thrust fault and strike-slip
fault movements, which complicated the understanding of which faults were responsible. Nonetheless,
scientists are using data to pinpoint the likely fault, such as the Tizi n’Test fault, which was previously
considered inactive. “Unreinforced masonry, like brick and mortar, is notorious for failing during
earthquakes,” says Wendy Bohon, an earthquake geologist and science communicator.

While natural factors were at play, human vulnerabilities significantly exacerbated the disaster. Fragile
buildings, including mudbrick houses and unreinforced masonry structures, had no chance of
withstanding the powerful earthquake. Additionally, the geography of the affected areas, with settlements
located on sediment-laden plains and mountain slopes, amplified the damage potential. The earthquake's
timing, occurring at night when people were indoors and unaware, further compounded the tragedy.

The aftermath of the earthquake is expected to last for years, with an increasing death toll as more remote
villages are reached. Survivors will endure profound trauma, having lost loved ones, homes, and
livelihoods. The nation will face significant social, economic, and cultural losses as it grapples with the
consequences of this devastating event. While the dream of predicting earthquakes remains elusive,
ongoing research into the geological forces at play can help societies better prepare for future seismic
events. For now, the focus is on offering support and condolences to the people of Morocco in their time
of grief.

Source:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/what-made-the-earthquake-in-morocco-so-
devastating
Self Text Connection/Reflection:
While each earthquake event is unique in its specific geological and regional characteristics, there are
common patterns and lessons that can be drawn from seismic events worldwide. These correlations help
inform earthquake preparedness, response, and mitigation efforts on a global scale, with the goal of
reducing the impact of future earthquakes on communities and infrastructure.

Next Steps Discussion:

After a devastating earthquake, immediate steps include search and rescue operations, providing medical
care and humanitarian aid, assessing damage and needs, and ensuring effective communication and
coordination. Evacuations, temporary shelter, and psychosocial support are essential. Infrastructure repair,
building assessments, and aftershock preparedness are prioritized. Long-term recovery plans, community
engagement, education, and risk reduction measures are crucial. International assistance may be sought,
and documentation of lessons learned is important for future disaster preparedness. The response involves
various stakeholders and aims to build resilience and reduce future earthquake risks.