Unit1

What are the pros and cons for children of watching TV ?

Nowadays watching TV is a popular form of entertainment. For many people,
especially children, watching TV is very interesting. However, entertaining in this
way will contain advantages and disadvantages. In this essay I will talk about some
reasons why watching TV in children has benefits and disadvantages.
Let's start by considering the benefits of watching TV for children. One of the main
benefits of watching TV is that children expand their knowledge. What I mean here is
that there are many types of programs on television, especially educational and social
programs. This can help children add new knowledge and learn new things second.
Second, watching TV will encourage children to read books. For example, there are
many movies adapted from the list such as Tam Bran or The Tortoise and the Hare.
Therefore, after watching movies, children will like to read books more.
Moving on to the other side of the argument, dangerous television viewing is a big
problem. When children watch too much and sit for hours watching, it affects their
brain and they can't take their eyes off it. Children will gradually become less willing
to entertain and play with friends and instead focus on the small screen.
Another problem is that it will affect the eyes. When children watch too much TV and
for long periods of time, it will harm their eyes and leave many consequences.
According to the World Health Organization, by 2026, nearly 1% of people will be
able to see, which is not a small number.
After all, watching TV is a serious matter. You need to consider the advantages such
as knowledge, skills... and the disadvantages such as spirit and health. I personally
believe that the benefits in terms of intellectual development will ultimately outweigh
any negatives, because negatives have solutions but intelligence does not.
what are the pros and cons of using public transport ?
In recent times, public transportation has become increasingly important. One major
benefit of using public transport is that it reduces the number of vehicles on roads and
thus slows down global warming. However, there are also some problems associated
with it. For example, traveling on a crowded bus during rush hours can be quite
uncomfortable. The merits and demerits of public transport will be discussed in this
essay.

One of the major benefits of using public transport is that it reduces air pollution.
When more and more people use public transport, there will be fewer private cars on
the road. This helps reduce air pollution and thus improve air quality. In addition,
some means of public transport such as high-speed trains, trains and hybrid buses
cause zero pollution because they run on electricity. Another advantage is that people
can be more productive while taking public transportation. When you are driving, you
have to focus on the road ahead of you. But if you take public transportation, you can
finish an assignment, read a book or let your mind wander.
On the down side, taking public transport can be an uncomfortable experience during
rush hours. Getting stuck in an overcrowded bus or train for an hour or so every
morning and evening is not a pleasant experience for anyone. In addition, public
transport can be unsafe in cities where the crime rate is high as it increases your risk
of getting robbed.

In conclusion, public transport is a good way to get around, especially in cities where
its frequency and reliability are quite good. However, taking a bus or train during rush
hours is uncomfortable. Even so, in my opinion, the advantages of public transport
outweigh the disadvantages.

Unit 2
All over the world, societies are facing a growing problem with obesity. This
problem affects both children and adults. What are the reasons for this rise in
obesity? How could it be tackled?
In recent times, there has been a significant increase in the number of obese
populations both among the young and old globally. This has continually become a
major challenge for most nations. This essay will highlight the main causes of this
increasing trend and also propose solutions to curb this problem.
One of the major factors that has caused the rise in the number of obese
people is the increased consumption of junk foods. The majority of people nowadays
fail to eat balanced and healthy meals rather they consume snacks and fatty meals
which are notoriously known to be high-calorie foods. Also, there has been a
tremendous increase in the number of fast food outlets where these junk meals are
been sold. This would encourage more people to eat meals which are fattening and are
unhealthy. For example, the number of people who are obese in the USA has tripled
over the last decade and was attributed to the rise in the number of restaurants where
pizza, burgers, and other pastries are being served.
To reduce the growing trend in obesity, people should be educated on the health
implications and problems associated with obesity such as stroke, Diabetes mellitus,
and cardiovascular diseases. Such awareness can be created via social media,
newspapers, and television. Secondly, the government should close down some of the
fast food outlets and also put up policies such as heavy taxation that would discourage
anybody that might be entertaining any thought of opening them in the future.
In conclusion, obesity has remained a menace in many societies. Consumption of
unhealthy meals as well as an increase in the number of places where these junk foods
are sold are some of the identified causes of the increase in the number of children and
adults with obesity. It is imperative for the government and the general public to do
their best to put a stop to this.
Many schools these days have problems with poor student behaviour. Why do
you think these problems occure? What could be done to tackle these problems?

Nowadays, many educational institutions are facing some difficulties with students
who behave poorly at school. I will discuss with problems and solutions in upcoming
paragraphs.

To start with, one of the main reasons students misbehave in the classroom is
insufficient attention at home. These days parents are busy with their work so they
spend less time with their children and they are not taught good morals at home.
Furthermore, most of the students have mobile phones at an early age so, they are
more addicted to playing video games, and watching movies instead of they learn
good things from the internet. These all technologies have a bad impact on students.
Sometimes children bring their phones into the classroom and they use them while
attending class.

On the other hand, there are also some solutions to tackle this problem. Firstly, parents
spend more time with their children because they are close to their parents and share
all things. Secondly, schools and parents should be engage their students with some
activities because when students busy with their curriculum activities, its less chance
to enhance bad things. Lastly, schoolteachers should behave strictly with their
students and also punish bad students.

All in all, every situation can be conquered with optimum solutions. This is a serious
problem. Teachers and as well as parents need to concentrate on their children's
attitude.
Many schools these days have problems with poor student
behaviour. Why do you think these problems occur? What
could be done to tackle these problems?

Unit 3

Some hold the view that ideas and information should be completely open, and
there should be no controls on what people can read and watch in the media (TV,
newspapers, Internet).
Do you agree with this view, or do you think that in some circumstances
governments should limit the freedom of the media?
Nowadays, it is no doubt that the media is playing an important role in providing
information. Thanks to the increasing advances of the internet, people can access a
huge source of information with just a simple click. The idea of being able to read and
watch freely in the media is becoming favored by many people. I tend to disagree with
this viewpoint and in this essay, I will give some examples to support my opinion.
Firstly, because there are many viewers with different age ranges, it is important to
have a limited age rating for television programs, as well as websites. Some channels
or sites are considered to be harmful to children because of their violent and sexual
themes. If people were allowed to watch everything on the screen, children might
have access to unsuitable content.
What's more, it is common knowledge that the media is a double-edged sword. By
surfing the net, people can find a lot of useful information. On the other hand, not
every word that comes from Google is true. Being free to access the media also means
facing a chaos of information including both truth and falsity.
However, there is a growing number of people who argue that the media should not be
controlled by governments. It is their view that the right to be informed is as essential
as basic human rights such as privacy or education. Moreover, avoiding some topics
could raise doubt about the government trying to hide serious issues from their
citizens.
To sum up, the argument about how deeply people should be informed by the media is
still ongoing with both sides holding strong beliefs. Some are fighting for a
completely open media while others find it unnecessary. In my opinion, I believe that
everything happens for a reason and a limited source of information is a way to
protect us from many problems, such as misguidance and infobesity.
Unit 4
Children have more and more tests and exams to do at school, sometimes starting
from the age of five or six, right up until the age of 18. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of making children do exams?
In an academic year, schools conduct multiple exams for students starting from
primary to university level. Although tests and exams can help students to learn their
lessons and help them to understand their level of understanding, sometimes it can
create mental burdens and pressure on students.
On the one hand, students appear for tests at school as part of the curriculum, and it
helps them in many ways to succeed in the long run. Firstly, when they have an exam,
they try to prepare for it and it helps them to learn the lesson. Preparing for the exam
not only helps them get better grades but also improves their career prospects.
Secondly, it creates competition among students which helps them to prepare for the
future when they enter society as adults. In a competitive world, one should be able to
tackle the challenges, which can be possible if students already have exposure to such
an environment.
On the other hand, sometimes exams in the school can be stressful for students. If
schools conduct too many exams, students can become stressed out and lose interest in
their studies. In some cases, test results can become the only measure to judge
academic performance. For example, a student who is more interested in sports may
not perform well in exams. This, however, does not mean that they are a failure.
Lastly, it takes a significant amount of time is required to prepare for tests and
students may need to limit time from their hobbies.
To conclude, tests and exams are a vital part of a school's academic program and they
help students to learn lessons and motivate them to become competitive, but it can
create mental stress and can also be an inaccurate measure of academic performance.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using CCTV to fight crime?

Nowadays, there has been an increase in the use of CCTV in public places as a
measure to reduce crime. While some people believe that there are a lot of positives of
using video cameras, others think that the negatives should be taken into
consideration. In this essay, I will discuss both views of them.

On the one hand, CCTV can be beneficial for both inhabitants and countries. The first
objection is that video surveillance can help to protect us and deter criminals as
cameras have been installed in many public areas. In this way, petty crimes like
pocketing and stealing are considerably prevented since criminals conceive that they
are being watched by authorities and police offers. Moreover, public cameras are
significantly supportive tools for police officers to detect suspects and catch criminals.
By this way, they can keep cities safer for residents, visitors and workers alike, which
will attract more travelers to visit the countries and contribute to developing tourism
industry.

On the other hand, many people might disapprove of public cameras because of some
reasons. Firstly, it is said that this surveillance violates our privacy due to the widely
use of public security cameras. In other words, people feel like frustrated as their
movements are recorded anytime, which obviously restricts their individual freedom
and encroach their personal space as well. Secondly, it has been shown that
investment in a numerous number of security cameras for controlling crime is
extremely expensive, which will be wasteful if they are not effective enough to stop
crime completely.

In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages of CCTV that the
government should consider before using them to combat crime.

Unit 5
A serious problem affecting countries right across the globe is the lack of water for
drinking, washing and other household uses.
Why do many countries face water shortages, and what could be done to alleviate
the problem?
Since time immemorial, freshwater has always been a scarce natural resource in
specific drier parts of the world. However, due to various reasons, scarcity of fresh
water has become a global issue at present. There are several reasons behind this
phenomenon, which will be discussed in the essay and the government and individuals
should adopt several solutions to improve the situation.
The water crisis in the world is getting worse as demand for water increases while the
availability of resources decreases. One of the most significant reasons is unwise
water usage. For instance, it is common for people to leave the tap open while
brushing their teeth or cleaning their face. Some people tend to wash their clothes and
garments in river water, leaving the water soiled and filthy and of little use later.
Secondly, increased pollution of natural freshwater reserves due to urbanization and
industrialization has compounded this demand. In fact, since the beginning of
mechanization, freshwater from rivers and lakes has increasingly been used for
manufacturing processes such as chemical reactions, cleaning toxic types of
equipment, etc.
On the other hand, national authorities can control this surge by implementing public
education schemes regarding controlled water usage. Strict federal legislation for
preventing natural freshwater reserve pollution is also required. Additionally, the
government should also set up infrastructure for the purification of seawater into salt-
free water, which will help meet the growing requirement for freshwater. Also, sea
dumping should be strictly prohibited by authorities.
All things considered, it is unambiguous that the world is facing an acute problem of
water scarcity. Therefore, it is undoubtedly possible to start to tackle these issues and
ameliorate the quality of life. National Authorities must take the lead in dealing with
the problem. Otherwise, life will only worsen in the future.