Advance Design America

TUTORIAL 1

2D-Frame
Static Analysis &
Steel Design

2014

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 STATIC ANALYSIS

Static Analysis
The following example shows how to model a 2D frame, apply loads and define load
combinations. A static analysis of the 2D frame will be performed. In the second part of
the tutorial, design criteria and a steel specification will be specified and a steel design
will be performed.

 Start Advance Design America. Click the New Project icon . The
Structure mode is automatically activated.

Project Configuration
 Select the Preferences tab of Project Configuration (File menu) and deselect
all the options included in the section "Dialog Box Display".
 Select the Analysis tab and select the linear option in the "Type of Static
Analysis" section.

Modeling
Nodes
 Insert lines in the Nodes spreadsheet (Structure menu) and enter
coordinates. Specify nodes 1 and 4 as support nodes (Double click the "Type"
column and select the Support option.)

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Members
 Select the Member icon on the Elements toolbar and press the Add

icon on the Cursor toolbar. To create a member, click a node (origin

node, i) and a second one (end node, j). Do the same to create other
members. When elements are created, select the Extended window

selection mode to exit the Add mode.

Supports
 Select the Support element on the Elements toolbar and select supports.

Click the Properties icon to open the Node Characteristics dialog box.
Modify the support degrees of freedom: displacements and rotations are
fixed. Close the dialog box.

 Press the [Pg Up] key to get an isometric view of the structure.
Save your File

 At this stage, save your application: Click the Save icon. Give a name to
the project and select a directory.

Shapes, Materials, and Member Properties

 Select the Member icon on the Elements toolbar. Select all three

members and click the Properties icon. The Member Characteristics

dialog box appears on the screen.

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Note: When many members are selected, empty fields and blank fields
appear in the dialog box. Blank fields mean that selected options or values
are assigned to selected members. Some other blank fields include
negative values but they are not actual values. To consult default values
and initialized values, select only one member (double click). This feature
also applies to other type of element.

 Click the icon in the "Properties" section to open the Shape selection
tree. Expand the Steel root and W200 branch and select the W200x31 shape.
 In the "Material" field, open the Steel root and G40 branch and double click
the 350G /W /WT/AT material.

 Select the "Dead" load case title in the "Dead load" field to consider the
self-weight of elements in load combinations and analysis.
 Specify member end conditions in the "End Conditions" section: Select
fixed-fixed end conditions (+------+) for bending on strong axis (Mx) and
weak axis (My).
 Click OK to exit the dialog box.

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View Options
 Display the node numbers and shape outlines on the screen: Select the

View Options dialog box by clicking the icon. Select the Elements tab
and select the "Number" option in the "Node" section. Next, select the
Attributes tab and select the Shape Outline option. Click OK.

 Display 3D shapes by selecting the 3D Display option in the "Member"

section on the Attributes tab.

 Increase the displayed length of 3D members on the Graphic tab of the

View Options dialog box (View menu): Reduce the default length in the field
"Fraction of L not drawn". The purpose of this option is to see the member
end conditions when the 3D Display option is active.
Beta Angle
 The default beta angle is equal to 0 degree when creating members.
Columns are not well oriented: Select the columns (click each column while

pressing the [Ctrl] key) and click the Properties icon.

 Enter an angle of 90 degrees in the Beta Angle field on the Member tab of
the Member Characteristics dialog box. Click OK.

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Load Cases
 Define load case titles and types in the Loads Definition spreadsheet (Loads
/Load Cases/ Definition).
 The "Dead" load case is automatically defined and is calculated in
accordance with the density of selected materials (Common /
Materials). Insert a line in the spreadsheet: Select the row header #2
and press the [Insert] key. Double click the "Number" cell and enter the
Live title. Double click the "Type" cell and choose a "Live" load type in
the NBC 2005 branch. Click OK.

Dead Load
Dead loads are automatically calculated according to the selected materials. It cannot be
edited. Other dead load cases can be defined and applied to elements.

Applying Loads
A distributed live load is applied to the beam and a triangular wind load is applied to the
left column. A punctual load is also applied at the top of the column, as shown on the
figure:

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 Select the Load Case mode and select the "Live" load case in the drop-down
list. The name of the selected load case appears at the bottom of the screen.

Displaying Member Local Axis

The member local axis system follows the right hand rule. The local z-axis (blue) is
always pointing towards node j. The local x-axis (red) corresponds to the member strong
axis, and the y-axis (green), to the weak axis.
Before applying loads to columns, the member local axis system is displayed in order to
orient loads in the right direction.
 Select the View Options dialog box and select the Attributes tab. Select the
Local Axis System option in the "Members" section.
Note: The local x axis is red, the local y axis is green and the local z axis is blue.

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Distributed Load
 Double click the beam.
 In the Load on Member dialog box, click the row header 1 and insert a line.
Double click the Load Wa cell and enter –20. Negative values are entered
because a global load projection is selected and the global y axis is pointing
up. Do the same for Load Wb.
 Click OK. The loading diagram is displayed on the screen.

Triangular Load
A trapezoidal load is defined by entering different values for Load Wa and Load Wb. The
position of loads along the member can be specified at the Start and End cells.
In this example, node i is located at the support and the load magnitude is 0.0.
 Double click the left column. According to local axis system, the distributed
load is applied in the negative direction of local y-axis (weak axis).
Therefore, the load is negative and is projected at 90 deg. on the column
strong axis.

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Concentrated Load
A point load is applied at the top of the left column, in the positive direction of the global
x axis.
 Select the Node icon on the Elements toolbar. Double click the node #2.
 Enter 25 kN as Fx and click OK.

Load Combination
At least one load combination is required to perform an analysis.
 Select Loads / Load Combinations / Definition.
 Insert a row in the Load Combination spreadsheet and give a name to
the load combination. Select an "Analysis without design" status.

To learn more about load combination statuses, refer to Online Help Chapter 4.
 Select the Load factors tab. Highlight (select) the load combination
definition in the left section and insert two rows in the right section. In
the first row, double click the "Load Case" column and select the Dead
load case in the drop-down list. Enter 1.25 as the load factor. Follow the
same steps to define the Live load factor.

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 Click OK.

Static Analysis
 Click the Static Analysis icon on the Tools toolbar or select Static
Analysis in the Analysis menu. The Static Analysis dialog box appears on the
screen.
 Click the "Analyze" button to launch the analysis.
 Close the dialog box when the analysis is done.

Load Combination Results

The "Load Combination" mode is automatically selected on the Activate toolbar when the
static analysis is finished.
 Select the load combination title on the drop-down list on Activate toolbar.

 Select the View Options dialog box and select the Results tab.
 Select the Deflection option. To display numerical values on the strong axis,

select the "Numerical" option or click the Numerical Values icon on the
Diagram toolbar to display both deflections (strong and weak axis).

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 Next, disable the Deflection option and select the Mx diagram (strong axis)
and the numerical values.


 To adjust the diagram amplitude, select the Adjust Amplitude icon on

the Diagrams toolbar.
 Double click the beam to access the Member Internal Forces and
Deflections spreadsheet.

Note. Some columns are masked using the Mask function of the spreadsheet context
menu.
 Select all members. Select Results/Load Combinations/ Members - Internal
Stresses (min/max).

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Note Press the F1 key to access the online help topic about this spreadsheet. Consult the
definition of supplied results.

We can see that stresses are too high.

To apply the Steel Design on this model, follow the next part of this tutorial.

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 STEEL DESIGN

Steel Design
Project Configuration
Select the Project Configuration dialog box in the File menu. Select the Analysis tab.

Analysis tab
Consult the default values that are used for non-linear analyses. With ADA, the design
process is non-linear (always).

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Steel Specification
 Select the Structure mode icon on the Activate toolbar.
 Select Structure/Specifications/Steel.
 Insert a row. Give a name to this specification and select the Canadian
CAN/CSA-S16-01 Standard among the "Code" drop down list. Select "Design"
as the type of analysis.
 Select a W shape and the steel material. The USA group of sections is
selected because Algoma Steel is no longer producing W shapes in Canada.

Note: Insert as many rows as you need in the Steel Specifications spreadsheet and
specify a different steel shape for each one.

Section Groups
You can create a custom section group (Structure/Specifications/Section Groups) in which
you can select many types of shapes. Next, select the section group in the Steel
Specifications spreadsheet.

Allowable Deflections Spreadsheet

To consider allowable deflection criteria during a steel design, open the Specifications for
Allowable Deflections spreadsheet in the Structure /Specifications menu.
 Select a load combination status to verify (Instantaneous, Service or Both)
and enter the "L/" and/or "Maximum value" criterion.

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Member Design Criteria

 Select the Member icon on the Elements toolbar. Select all members

and click the Properties icon. Select the Design Criteria option on the
Member tab of the Member Characteristics dialog box.

 Next, select the Steel Design tab.

 Select the S16-Design specification in the drop-down list.

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 Click OK.
Design Criteria for the Beam
Allowable Deflection
Select the #1 specification for allowable deflection on the beam strong axis.
Lateral Supports
 Double click the beam and select the Steel Design tab. A continuous lateral
support is supplied to the top of the beam, on the weak axis.
Note: Lateral supports are always applied to the member weak axis. Therefore, the
effective compression length on the weak axis, Ky, is set to zero. This is true when a
continuous lateral support is supplied at the top OR bottom of a beam.
The position of load is considered in the calculation of torsional buckling. The default
value is "Center".

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 Click OK to save data.

Load Combinations
Ultimate load combination (Design)
 Open the Load Combination spreadsheet (Loads/Load
combinations/Definition menu). Modify the first load combination status to
Ultimate to perform a design.

"Deflection" Load Combination

To consider the deflection criterion during the design process, at least one Instantaneous
Deflection or Service load combination must be defined, n accordance with the
Specifications for Allowable Deflections spreadsheet.
 Insert a row in the Load Combination spreadsheet. Double click the "Status"
column and select the "Instantaneous Deflection" status in the drop-down
list.

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 Select the Live load case and enter a load factor of 1.0 in the Load Factors
tab.

 Click OK.
 Save the file.

Analysis and Design

 Click the Analysis and Design icon on the Tools toolbar or select
Analysis and Design in the Analysis menu.
The Analysis and Design dialog box is displayed on the screen. It is written that three
members are to be optimized according to the shape area.
 Click the "Analyze" button to launch the design process.
 Close the dialog box when the analysis is completed.

Steel Design Results

The "Design Results" mode is active when the design is done.

Graphical Results
 Click the icon to open the View Options dialog box. Select the Results
tab and select the "Design load rate" option along with the "Numerical"
option in the "Members" section.

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 To modify the font and style of the displayed legend, click the "Font" button
on the Limits tab.
 View the shape designation by selecting the "Shape" option in the
Members section on the Elements tab.
 Display members in 3D by selecting the "3D Display" option in the Members
section on the Attributes tab.

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Numerical Results
Open the Steel Design Results spreadsheet: Select all members and click the Properties
icon or select Results/ Structural Design/Steel. The results spreadsheet is divided into
three tabs.
Design results are corresponding to the most critical analyzed load combinations
(bending and compression & shear) for each member. In this example, there is only one
ultimate load combination. The code provision that controlled the design is indicated in
the spreadsheet.
Bending /Axial Load tab

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Shear / Torsion tab

Deflection tab

Calculated Deflection
The deflection supplied in the Steel Design Results spreadsheet is the maximum
calculated deflection between points of inflection, which are automatically calculated by
ADA. The length between those points, Lx, is 4.64m and the calculated deflection is -
10.27mm. Ratio is L/437 < L/360. Therefore, the deflection is not critical.
Note: The deflection that is displayed for a selected load combination comes from a static
analysis and is not corresponding to the calculated deflection between points of
inflection, as in a steel design. It represents the global deflection of the structure.
Displayed Deflections for the Deflection load combination
Select the Load Combination mode and select load combination "2: L1" in the drop-down
list on the Activate toolbar.

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Select the View Options dialog box and select the "Deflection" option and "Numerical"
option on strong axis on the Results tab.

Member Forces and Deflections

This icon, available in the lower part of the Steel Design results spreadsheet includes the
critical Member Internal Forces and Deflections for the selected row (member) in the
spreadsheet. Results are given for the load combination that controlled the design of the
member.

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Note: Some columns may be masked.

Print Preview of the Design Brief

Click the icon to get a print preview of a member design brief. (The member must
be selected (row) in the Steel Design Results spreadsheet.).

To print it, use the Print button on the Print Preview window. Or click the icon to
directly print the Design Brief.

Design Brief for Member 2

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Design Groups (optional)

Create and Assign Design Groups to Members
The design process supplies one shape per design group. Design groups are created and
assigned to members in the Structure mode. The same steel specification can be assigned
to many design groups when the same shape (W) is specified.
 Select the members to group and use the shortcut keys [Ctrl]+G to open the
Group Members dialog box (or select Structure/Groups/ Group members).
For our example, we selected the columns.
 The Design Group dialog box appears on the screen. Enter a name and
select a steel specification in the drop-down list.

 Click OK.
The design group is initialized on the Steel Design tab of Member Characteristics dialog
box. A steel specification must be selected if no design group is assigned to a member.

Displaying a Design Group

Select the Attributes tab of the View Options dialog box and select the Design Group
option. Select a design group in the list box.

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Load Combination Results

 To view forces and deflection diagrams, select the Load Combination mode
on the Activate toolbar and select a load combination title in the drop-down
list.
 Select the Results tab of the View Options dialog box and select a result to
view.
Bending on the member strong axis

Note: The "3D display" and "Shape" options for members is not active in the figure.
Member 1 Internal Forces and Deflections
 Double-click member 1 to quickly open the spreadsheet.

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Internal Stresses in the Members

 Select member 2 (beam) and select Results/Load Combinations/Members –

Internal Stresses.

Some columns are masked.

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