Advance Design America (ADA)

TUTORIAL 7

Seismic Analysis
& Ductile Steel Design

May 2015

 Graitec Inc. 1995-2015

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Modal & Spectral Analyses

Introduction
We are going to perform a modal and spectral analysis according to the
National Building Code of Canada 2010, for a steel building located in
Montreal, and shown below.
The lateral force resisting-systems are:
Direction-x: Tension-only concentrically braced frames, type LD (R=2).
Direction-z: Moment-Resisting Frame located on the three axes, type LD
(R=2).
Support degrees of freedom are free in rotation, except at corners, where My is
fixed.

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Project Configuration
Seismic tab
Select the Seismic tab of the Project Configuration dialog box (File
menu).
Enter the following data: Building Code: NBC-2010, Location category =
C, City of Montreal, Total height = 12m, Number of stories (N) = 3, and
Importance factor of 1.0.
Select the SRSS (Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares) method for the modal
combination.
Select the "Add ductility effects [/¯\]"option to design the ductile steel
frames according to the "Capacity design" method of the CAN-CSA-S16-
09/14 Standard (section 27).

Click OK.

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Analysis tab
Increase the number of iterations to 10-12 because tension-only members are
included in ductile frames. (Advance Design America needs more iteration
because of the release process).

Design Criteria and Specifications

Member Tab
Select all members and activate the design criteria on the Member tab of
the Member Characteristics dialog box.

Steel Specifications
The Steel Specification Generator is used to generate design specifications
for W and HSS square shapes and according to S16-09/14 Standard.
Select Structure / Specifications / Generator – Steel.

Click OK.

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The class of the ductile element is automatically set by Advance Design

America during the design process. A class 1 shape or class 2 is required for
ductile elements (refer to S16-09/14 Standard).

Section Groups
The USA section groups are assigned to HSS and W shapes because Canada no
longer produces these shapes. American materials are also initialized.
If you want Advance Design America to select optimized shapes among your
personalized list of shapes, create a custom section group (Structure /
Specifications / Groups of Sections) and select this group in the
specification. A section group can include many types of shapes (Steel W, HSS,
etc., Timber sections and concrete ones). To learn more about section groups,
refer to the Steel Design chapter of ADA Online Help.

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Ductile Frames
Concentrically Braces Frames in Tension-only – Limited
Ductility (R=2)
The following member usages must be specified on the Member tab along
with axial end conditions for tension-only bracing.

Create custom selections for each type of frame. The selection functions are
available in the Edit / Select / Create selections, Choose selections, and
Edit Sections menu. Learn more about these functions in Advance Design
America Online Help.
We created two custom selections and assigned a color to each one:

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Click the icon on the Edit toolbar to open the Selections dialog box.
Highlight the "T-only bracings" selection and click OK.

Mask the rest of the structure by clicking the Mask icon on the View
toolbar.

To select bracings only, select Edit / Select / Sloped members. Click the
Properties button.
On the Member tab, specify tension-only <-[ ]-> axial end conditions and
select the member "[Xt] Diagonal" usage in the Usage drop-down list.
Click OK.

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In the same manner, assign the "[X] Column" usage to columns composing
these frames, and assign the "[X] Beam" usage to beams.
The columns located on both sides of the bracings must be continuous.
Therefore, four design groups are required, one per X frame.
To create a design group, select the columns on one X-frame and use the
[Ctrl]+G shortcut keys. Enter a name for this group and select a
specification. Click OK.

Do the same for the columns composing other X-frames.

Create design groups for bracings located on each level and each frame and
assign the HSS steel specification.

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Resisting-Moment Frames with a Limited Ductility (R=2)

Select the MRF selection using the Choose a selection icon and mask
the rest of the structure.

Member Usages
There are two member usages for this type of ductile frame: "[¯¯] Beam" and
"[¯¯] Columns".

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Columns and beams must be continuous. Design groups are created for each
continuous column (4) and for continuous beams at each level (3).
The following design groups were created. The spreadsheet is available in the
Structure / Groups / Steel members menu.

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Load Cases
Enter the following NBC-2010 load case titles and types in the Loads
Definition spreadsheet:

Load Combination Generator

The Load Combination Generator is used to obtain ultimate and service load
combinations according to NBC-2010. The spectral envelopes E01 and E02
are selected. Therefore, the "Mass" load combination will also be generated.
The "Mass" load combination must include the dead loads plus 25% of snow
loads.

Click the "Next" button.

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Click the "Next" button.

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Click the "Finish" button.

The Load Combination Generator generated these load combinations and
corresponding load factors:

Close the spreadsheet.

You are ready to run a modal analysis to obtain the structure vibration modes
and corresponding frequencies.

Modal Analysis
Click the Modal Analysis icon to open the Modal Analysis dialog
box.
• Select the "Mass" load combination.
• Enter 20 for the number of requested modes. The CNBC code
suggests 2 to 3 vibration modes per building story for a spectral
analysis. A default value for the number of calculated modes is
automatically initialized. To learn more, refer to the "Number of
Calculated Modes" topic in the Dynamic Analysis chapter of Online
Help.
• Click the "Analyze" button to launch the modal analysis.

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When analysis is completed, close the dialog box.

Modal Analysis Results

Animation of a Vibration Mode
When the modal analysis is completed, the Vibration mode is
automatically activated.

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Use the Animation function to visualize the building deflection under a

selected vibration mode.
Select a vibration mode in the drop-down list of the Activate toolbar.
Select an XY, YZ or isometric view of the structure. Use the Camera function
or use the [Pg Dn], [Home] or [Pg Up] control keys.

Click the Animation icon on the View toolbar.

In the Animation dialog box, click the green arrow to capture images.

If the amplitude is too small, click the Adjust Amplitude icon on the
Diagrams toolbar. Use the Animation function again.

Frequencies and Vibration Modes

Select Results / Modal & Spectral / Frequencies and Vibration Modes.
Mode 1 and 5 are the main vibration modes, acting in the main x and z
directions because corresponding modal contributions (γz and γx) are the
highest. A value of 1.0 for components Dir. X and Dir. Z means that 100% of
the vibration mode is acting in this direction.

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When components Dir. x, Dir. y, and Dir. z are specified in the Linear
Seismic Directions spreadsheet, Advance Design America automatically
initializes the main vibration modes according to the highest modal
contributions that were calculated in the Frequencies and Vibration Modes
spreadsheet.

Spectral Analysis
Linear Seismic Directions Spreadsheet
Select the Linear Seismic Directions spreadsheet in the Loads / Seismic
Directions menu.
Insert two rows and enter the name Dir x and Dir z in the "Number" column.
Enter a value of 1.0 for the x and z components.
Note: Components Dir. x, Dir. y, and Dir. z
These components can be different from 1.0 if the main seismic directions are
at angle relative to global axes. For example, you could obtain 0.67 for
direction x and 0.36 for direction z. In this case, you should enter these values
as components. The second main direction, which must be orthogonal to the
first direction, should have similar components.
Entered a value of 1.0 for direction x and z. Advance Design America
initialized mode 1 and 5, according to the highest modal contributions. Select a
spectral envelope for each direction in the "Envelope" column.

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In the "Structure" column, select a lateral force resisting system for each
direction, as per NBC code. Press the F1 key to open Advance Design America
Online Help and learn more about this parameter.
The next "Seismic Force Resisting System", "Rd", and "Ro" columns are
relevant to the new NBC-2010 code. Double-click the first column and
expand the CSA-S16 root. Select (double-click) the appropriate ductile frame
for each direction. The corresponding Rd and Ro (force modification factors)
are automatically initialized.

The Ve, Vd, V chosen, Torsion M, and Modal M/M parameters are written
in the spreadsheet when the spectral analysis is completed.

Note Ve and Vd are calculated from the modal analysis. Ve is the equivalent lateral
force acting at the base of the structure and represents the elastic response. Vd is the
seismic lateral force acting at the base of the structure obtained from the spectral
analysis.
Click OK to exit the spreadsheet.

Launch the Spectral Analysis.

Click the Spectral Analysis icon. Click the "Analyze" button to start
the analysis.

Note: At least 90% of participating mass must be obtained in each seismic direction.

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Spectral Analysis Results

Checking Participating Mass
Open the Linear Seismic Directions spreadsheet and check the
percentage of participating mass (Modal M/M), the base shear (Vd), and
torsional moment acting at the base of the structure (Torsion M).
The participating mass exceeds 90% for each main direction. Therefore, the
spectral analysis is OK. If you get less than 90%, you should eliminate local
vibration modes, increase the number of requested modes and perform
another modal and spectral analysis.

Equivalent Static Loads

Torsion loads and loads due to inelastic effects (P-delta) are generated during
the spectral analysis. Advance Design America modifies these loads to obtain
equivalent static loads (Tx Dir. x, z and Tr Dir. x, z), which are listed in the
Loads Definition spreadsheet. These static equivalent loads are applied to the
structure nodes when a static analysis or design is performed.
The Ri: Dir. x, z loads are the forces obtained from the retro calculations done
by Advance Design America for ductile frames (capacity design method).

Seismic Envelopes E01 and E02

The Envelope mode is automatically activated when closing the Spectral
Analysis dialog box. Envelopes E01 and E02 includes the resulting seismic
forces acting respectively in the z-direction and x-direction.

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To view seismic forces and deflections, select the Results tab of the View
Options dialog box and select a force diagram.

Information on Levels
Select Results / Modal/Spectral / Levels.
Verify the corrected average interstory drifts, ∆mx. They should not exceed the
allowable limit. The CNB-2010 Code limits this displacement to 2.5% of the
story height for a regular building (Cl. 4.1.8.13). In our model, this limit is equal
to 0.025 x 4000mm = 100mm. The calculated interstory drifts are below this
limit.

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Interstory Drifts
Select Results / Modal/Spectral / Interstory Drifts.
This spreadsheet lists differential displacements from the top and base of each
column, at each story, and for each seismic direction.

Node Displacements
Node displacements are available for a selected vibration mode.
Select the vibration mode #1 on the Activate toolbar and select Results /
Modal/Spectral / Node Displacements.

Ductile Steel Design

Launch the steel design by clicking this icon.

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During the Design Process:

We recommend selecting the Dynamic and Spectral analysis at each cycle of design
option in the Analysis and Design dialog box, to perform the modal and
spectral analyses at each design cycle (shapes change and so are the seismic
response).
When the vibration modes and main seismic directions change during the
design, Advance Design America automatically initializes data in the Linear
Seismic Directions spreadsheet during the design process.
Steel Design Results Spreadsheet
Select Results / Structure Design / Steel and verify the member design
load rates. Sort data using design groups and design load rates.

Steel design results are OK.

Optimized Shapes for Concentrically Braced Frames

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Optimized Shapes for Moment-Resisting Frame

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Seismic Steel Design Results

This spreadsheet is composed of parameters that are relevant to ductile frames
calculated according to section 27 of S16-09/14 Standard. The Seismic
Design Results spreadsheet is available when a load combination is selected
on Activation toolbar.

Direction x – Envelope E02

Select the load combination ULS5_11 on Activation toolbar. The spectral
envelope E02 corresponds to lateral forces towards direction x where
concentrically braced frames are modeled to dissipate the energy.
Display the concentrically braced frames through the Selections dialog
box (Edit / Select / Choose a selection) and mask the rest of the
structure.
Select Results / Structure Design / Steel – Seismic Design and verify
the ductile members that dissipated energy during the earthquake. Sort data
using design groups.
Press the F1 control key to get the definition of each column, through
Advance Design America Online Help.

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