‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ملخص شامل للوحدة‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ -1‬الذات والالذات ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ ﻧﺎت اﻟ ات واﻟﻼذات‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ ﻞ ﻓ د وﺣ ة ﺑ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ ﻣ ﻘﻠﺔ ﺑ اﺗﻬﺎ ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﺗ ﻞ ﻣ ﺷ ات اﻟﻬ ﺔ اﻟ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏ ﺔ ﺧﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫دة وراﺛ ًﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﺻﺔ ﺎﻟﻔ د واﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ ﻣ اﻟ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬الذات ‪ :‬ﻣ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺎﯾ ن‬ ‫بنية الغشاء الهيولي‪ :‬ﯾ ن اﻟﻐ ﺎء اﻟﻬ ﻟﻲ ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻟ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻠﻠﻬ ﺎ ﺑ وﺗ ﺎت ﻣ ﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺣ ﺎم وﻣ ﺎﯾ ﺔ اﻷوﺿﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﺳﻔ ﻟ ﯾ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟ ﺟ ﺎت‬ ‫وﻧ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟﻐﻠ ﻟ‬ ‫أو ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﺳ ﻟ‬ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟﻐﻠ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟ وﺗ ﺎت ﻟ‬ ‫ﺢ اﻟ ﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎء‪ ،‬ﻗ ﺗ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎت ﺗ ﺿﻊ ﻓﻘ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ول‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻟ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻐ ﺎء اﻟﻬ ﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ الميوعة ﻟ ا ﻌ‬ ‫اً فسيفسائيا‪ .‬أﻣﺎ ﺣ ﻬﺎ ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻐ ﺎء ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ ﺔ وأﺷ ﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻌ ﻬﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﺎت اﻟﻐ ﺎﺋ ﺔ واﺧ ﻼف‬ ‫ـ ﺗ ع اﻟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫فسيفسائي مائع‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫الجزيئات المميزة للذات ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫أ‪ -‬جزي ئات معقد التوافق النسيج الرئيسي )‪:"CMH" (Complexe Majeur d’Histocompatibilité‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻒ إﻟﻰ ﻗ‬ ‫وﺗ ﺔ ﺗ ﻞ أﻫ ﻣ ﺷ ات اﻟﻬ ﺔ اﻟ ﻟ ﺟ ﺔ وﺗ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ ﻏﻠ‬ ‫ﺟ ﺎت ذات‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذات ﻧ اة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ : CMH I‬ﺗ اﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ ﻏ ﺎء ﻞ ﺧﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ة واﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪.LB‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ ﻞ اﻟ ﻠﻌ ﺎت اﻟ‬ ‫‪ : CMH II‬ﺗ اﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ ﻌ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻐﻲ رﻗ )‪ (6‬ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﺔ ﻣ اﻟ رﺛﺎت ﺗ ﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎرة ﻋ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ اﻟ ﺋ ﻰ )‪ .(CMH‬وﻫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﻬ رﻫﺎ ﯾ ﻋﻰ ﻣﻌﻘ اﻟ اﻓ اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺎم اﻟ راﺛﻲ اﻟ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧ ﺎن وﺗ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣ ﺗ ﺔ وﻣ ﻘﺎر ﺔ ﺟ اً‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫‪ -‬ﻞ ﻣ رﺛﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ أﻟ ﻼت وﻻ ﺗ ﺟ ﺳ ﺎدة ﺑ ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷﻓ اد ﻣ ﺎ ﻔ ّ‬ ‫أﺣﺎد ﺔ اﻟﻔ د ﺑ ﻟ ﺟ ﺎ و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ ع ﺟ ﺎت اﻟـ ‪ CMH‬ﺑ‬ ‫إن ﻣ ات ﻣ رﺛﺎت اﻟـ ‪ CMH‬ﻫﻰ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗﻔ‬
‫مالحظة هامة‪ّ :‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫رﻓ اﻟ ّ ﻌ م اﻟ روﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻐﻲ ‪ 6‬ﻟﻸم‪.‬‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻐﻲ ‪ 6‬ﻟﻸب واﻵﺧ ﻣ اﻟ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫أﺣ ﻫ ﺎ ﻣ اﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺔ ﻟ ﻞ ﻣ رﺛﺔ أﻟ ﻠ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫مالحظة ‪ :‬ﯾ ث ﻞ ﺷ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻷن ﻫ ﻩ اﻷﺧ ة ﻣ ﻘﺎر ﺔ ﺟ ًا‪.‬‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ رﺛﺎت اﻟـ ‪ّ CMH‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺟ ﯾ ة ﺷ ﻪ ﻣﻌ وﻣﺔ )أﻗﻞ ﻣ ‪ (%1‬ﺑ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ ر ﺗ اﻛ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫األنماط التكوينية (الوراثية) لألبناء إنطالقا من نفس اآلباء‪:‬‬

‫مالحظة ‪ :‬ﻧ ﺔ اﻟﻌ ر اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﺢ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ف ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﻣ رﺛﺔ ‪ β2m‬ﻣ اﺟ ة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫أﻣﺎ اﻟ ﻠ ﻠﺔ ‪ β2m‬ﻓ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎت اﻟـ ‪.(Human Leucocyte Antigène) HLA‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎت ‪ 3 (HLA I) CMH I‬ﻣ رﺛﺎت )‪ّ ,(B , C , A‬‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺟ ﺎت ‪ (HLA II) CMH II‬ﻣ رﺛﺎت اﻟ ﻗﻊ ‪.(DP , DQ , DR) D‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻟ ﻠ ﻠﺔ ‪ α‬ﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬
‫ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫مالحظة ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻋﻰ ﺟ ﺎت اﻟـ ‪ CMH‬ﻋ اﻹﻧ ﺎن‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫رﻗ ‪.15‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫تصنيف جزيئات ‪ (HLA) CMH‬والمقارنة بينهم‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ب‪ -‬مؤشرات الزمر الدموية ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻞ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ -‬الجزيئات المحددة للزمر ‪: ABO‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺻ ﺔ ﻞ زﻣ ة‪.‬‬ ‫وﻟﺔ ﻋ ﺧ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ء اﻟ‬ ‫وﺗ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ ﻏﻠ‬ ‫اء ﺟ ﺎت ذات‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ اﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏ ﺔ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻐﻲ رﻗ )‪ ( 9‬ﻋ اﻹﻧ ﺎن ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗ ف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻣ ة اﻟ ﻣ ﺔ ﻣ رﺛﺔ ﻣ اﺟ ة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫‪ -‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺛﻼث أﻟ ﻼت ‪ IA :‬و ‪ IB‬و ‪.iO‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ IA‬و ‪ IB‬ﻟ ﻬ ﺎ ﺳﺎﺋ ﺗﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.iO‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗ ﺟ ﺳ ﺎدة ﺑ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ -‬توضيح ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻗﻠ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻌ د )اﻟ ﺷ ‪(H‬‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ ‪ – N‬أﺳ ﻞ ﻏﻼﻛ أﻣ‬ ‫‪ EA‬ﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺣ ة اﻟ‬ ‫إﻧ‬ ‫ف اﻷﻟ ﻞ ‪ IA‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻣﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺷ ‪.A‬‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻗﻠ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻌ د )اﻟ ﺷ ‪(H‬‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻏﻼﻛ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ز ﻟﻠ‬ ‫‪ EB‬ﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﺣ ة اﻟ‬ ‫إﻧ‬ ‫ف اﻷﻟ ﻞ ‪ IB‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﺷ ‪.B‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻗﻠ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻌ د )اﻟ ﺷ ‪.(H‬‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫وﺣ ة ﺳ ﺔ ﻟﻠ‬ ‫و ﻔﻲ و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﯾ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أ‬ ‫‪ EO‬ﻏ‬ ‫إﻧ‬ ‫ف اﻷﻟ ﻞ ‪ iO‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋ ﺔ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ز ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻠ ﻠﺔ اﻟ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺎب اﻟ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻐﻲ رﻗ ‪ 19‬ﻋ اﻻﻧ ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﻣ ة‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻠﺔ اﻟ م ‪ . O‬ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻪ ﻣ رﺛﺔ ﻣ ﺟ دة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻔ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗ ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ‬
‫ﺎﻫ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ واﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻠﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﺗ ﻬ ﺑ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ول ﻋ ر‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ H‬اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻠﺔ اﻟ م ‪ Bombay‬ﻫﻲ ﻓ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺎب اﻹﻧ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫النمط الوراثي للزمر الدموية في نظام الـ ‪:ABO‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫معلومة مفيدة ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪ -‬خصائص كل زمرة دموية‪:‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎت اﻟ م ﻟﻸﺷ ﺎص ذو اﻟ وس اﻟ ﺟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫) ‪ Rh+‬ﺳﺎﺋ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪.( Rh-‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ ،D‬ﺗ ﺟ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏ ﺔ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻐﻲ رﻗ )‪ (1‬ﻋ اﻹﻧ ﺎن ﻟﻬﺎ أﻟ ﻠ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻌﺔ ﺑ وﺗ ﺔ ﺗ ﻋﻰ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫االنمط الوراثي لمحددات الزمر الدموية في نظام ‪:Rh‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪ -‬الجزيئات المحددة للريزوس "‪ : "Rh‬ﺟ ﺎت ذات‬
‫‪ .Rh+‬ﺗ ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟ وس ﻣ رﺛﺔ ﻣ اﺟ ة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫اء‪.‬‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎدة‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ات اﻟﻐ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ ﺢ ـ ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻘ ﻞ‪ :‬اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ ﻲ‪ :‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻠ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫حاالت نقل الدم‪:‬‬

‫ﻋ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ م ﯾ اﻋﻰ ﻪ‪ - :‬ﻟﻠ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻘ ﺎء ﻋﻠ ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ًﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ ﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻘ رة ﻋﻠﻰ إﺛﺎرة اﺳ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎ ﺔ واﻟ ﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧ‬ ‫ﻋ اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫(‪ )2‬الالذات ‪ :‬ﻞ ﺟ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ – II‬آليات الدفاع عن العضوية ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺑ ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺗ ﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﺗ ﺎرس اﺗ ﺎﻩ اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟﻐ ﺔ دون ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫(‪ ) 1‬الدفاع المناعى الالنوعي ‪ :‬ﻫﻰ ردود ﻣ ﺎ ﺔ ﻏ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ ﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎت واﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺎت اﻟ ﻬ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﻊ دﺧ ل اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -1‬خط الدفاع األول ‪ :‬اﻟ اﺟ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫و ﻊ دﺧ ل اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟﻐ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬الجلد ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺿ ﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺎت اﻟ ﺔ اﻟ ﻬ ﺔ و ﻌ د ذﻟ ﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬العرق ‪ :‬ﯾ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ب ﺟ ار اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻠ وز اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧ‬ ‫‪ -‬مخاط األنف والدموع واللعاب ‪ :‬ﺗ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫و ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬حموضة المعدة ‪ PH = 2 :‬ﺗ ب اﻟﻌ ﯾ ﻣ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎدات اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ ‫‪ -‬إفرازات المجاري التناسلية‪ :‬ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎدﻓﻪ ﺧ اﻟ ﻓﺎع اﻟ ﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻓﺎع اﻷول‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫‪ -2‬خط الدفاع الثاني ‪ :‬ﻌ اﺟ ﺎز اﻟ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ واﻟ ﻲ ﯾ د وﺟ دﻫﺎ إﻟﻰ تفاعل إلتهابي ﺗ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻩ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺢ ﺑ ﻏﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻣﻠ ﺛﺔ ﺟ ﺣ ًﺎ‬ ‫ث اﻟ ﺧ‬ ‫مثال‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣ ﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺗ ﻓ اﻟ م وﺗ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬اإلحمرار والحمى‪ :‬ﻧﺎﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ ﺎن اﻹﺻﺎ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬اإلنتفاخ‪ :‬ﺳ ﻪ ز ﺎدة ﻧﻔﺎذ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌ ات ﻟﻠ ﻼزﻣﺎ واﻧ ﻼل‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻋ اﻣﻞ ﻣ ﻌ دة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬األلم‪ :‬ﺳ ﻪ ﺗ ﻪ اﻟ ﻬﺎ ﺎت اﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠ ﻞ ﻣ اﻟ ﻼزﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء اﻟ ﺎﻟﻔﺔ واﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ن ﻣ ﺧﻼ ﺎ اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬القيح‪ :‬ﻗ ﯾ اﻓ اﻻﻟ ﻬﺎب ﻬ ر اﻟ ﺢ اﻟ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻼﻟ ﻬﺎب ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻬﻰ اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻻﻟ ﻬﺎﺑ ﺔ ﺑ ﻠﻌ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪ ) 2‬الدفاع المناعي النوعي‪:‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻣ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺑ ﻗﺔ ﺿ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﻣ ﺎ ﺔ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻟ ﺎﻻت إﻟﻰ إﻧ ﺎج ﻣ ﻒ ﻟﻸﺟ ﺎم‬ ‫ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻌ‬ ‫الحالة األولى للدفاع عن العضوية (االستجابة المناعية الخلطية) ‪ :‬ﯾ د دﺧ ل اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟﻐ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻌ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺎدة اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﻞ اﻟ م‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻋﺔ اﻟﻐﻠ ﻠ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﻣ اﻟ ع‬ ‫‪ – 1‬األجسام المضادة ‪ :‬ﺟ ﺎت ﺑ وﺗ ﺔ ﺗ ﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﯾ ن اﻟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻔﺔ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﺟ ر ﺛ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟ ﻼﺳﻞ اﻟ ﻘ ﻠﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻼﺳﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ )‪ 2‬ﺛﻘ ﻠﺔ و ‪ 2‬ﺧ ﻔﺔ(‪ .‬ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎد ﻣ ‪ 4‬ﺳﻼﺳﻞ ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫‪ ɣ‬ﻏﻠ ﻠ ‪ ،‬ﺣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑ ﻬﺎ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﺟ ر ﺛ ﺎﺋ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻞ اﻟ ﻼﺳﻞ اﻟ ﻘ ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫اﻟ ﻘ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻠ ﻠ‬ ‫( وﻣ ﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﺑ ﺔ ﺗ ﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾ ﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ د ﻣ ﻟ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﻘﺔ ﻣ ﻐ ة )ﻣ ﻗﻊ ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺳﻠ ﻠﺔ ﻣ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻘ ﻼت اﻟﻐ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟ ﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻗﻊ اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫وﻣ ﻗﻌﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ دات اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎً ﻟ ﺟ د ﺗ ﺎﻣﻞ ﺑ‬ ‫ارﺗ ﺎ ﺎً ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎد ﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫المعقد المناعي ‪ :‬ﯾ ﺗ‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻼن ﻣﻌ ًﺎ ﻣﻌﻘ ًا ﻣ ﺎ ًﺎ‬ ‫و‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬

‫(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎد – ﻣ‬ ‫)ﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺔ ﻣ ﻠﺔ ﻓ ﻋﻰ بالترسيب‪.‬‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻠ ﺔ ﺗ ﻋﻰ باإلرتصاص‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺎد‬
‫ﺎد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫مالحظات هامة ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﯾ د ﺗ ﻞ اﻟ ﻌﻘ اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ إﻟﻰ إ ﺎل ﻣﻔﻌ ل اﻟ‬

‫‪ -‬اﻟ ﺎﻫ ة اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻋ ارﺗ ﺎ اﻟ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟ ﺎﻫ ة اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻋ ارﺗ ﺎ اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻬ اﻟﻠ ن اﻷﺻﻔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫دا )‪ (NaOH‬ﻓ ﻬ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺑ ﻔ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻵزوت ‪ HNO3‬ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺎت اﻟ ﺎس )‪ + (CuSO4‬اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻣ ﻠ ل أﺟ ﺎم ﻣ ﺎدة ﺣ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣ ﺟ ًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟ اﺷﻒ اﻟﻠ ﻧ ﺔ ﻟﻠ وﺗ ﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎدة ﺗﻔﺎﻋ ً‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﻣ ﻠ ل أﺟ ﺎم ﻣ ﺎدة‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫معلومة مفيدة‪ :‬ﺗﻌ ﻲ اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪ ‬تفاع ل األصفر اآلحيني (كسانتوبروتيك)‪ :‬ﻧ‬
‫‪ ‬تفاعل بيوري‪ :‬ﻧ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ اﻟ ﻌﻘ ات اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﺎﻟ ﻠﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬التخلص من المعقدات المناعية‪ :‬ﯾ اﻟ ﻠ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ -‬البلعمة الخلوية ‪ :‬ﺗ وﻓ اﻟ اﺣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ ﻗ ــﻊ‬ ‫ﻫ ـ ﻩ اﻟ ـ ﻘ ﻼت و ـ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ــﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻠﻌ ــﺎت اﻟ ـ ة ﻔ ــﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻣــﻞ اﻟ ـ‬ ‫مرحلـة التثبيـ‪ : :‬ﯾ ـ اﻟ ﻌﻘ ـ اﻟ ــﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟ ـ ﻘ ﻼت اﻟﻐ ــﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫‪‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ ء اﻟ ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺎ اﻟ ﻌﻘ اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ ﺑ ﺔ ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ )أرﺟﻞ ﺎذ ﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫مرحلة اإلحاطة ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻟ ﻌﻘ اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻞ اﻗ ﺎص‬ ‫ﻞﺣ‬ ‫مرحلة االقتناص ‪ :‬ﯾ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻼت اﻻﻗ ﺎص‪.‬‬ ‫ﻬﺎ اﻟﻠ وروﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣ‬ ‫ب اﻟ ﻌﻘ اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ ﺎﻹﻧ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ‬ ‫مرحلة الهضم ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪19‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ - 4‬الخاليا البالزمية )‪ (Plasmocyte‬مصدر األجسام المضادة ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬ ‫أ – مميزاتها البنيوية‪ :‬ﻧ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻼت اﻹﻓ ازﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ر ﺎت واﻟ‬ ‫ة اﻟ‬ ‫ر –‬ ‫رة – ﺟﻬﺎز ﻏ ﻟ ﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ – ﺷ ﺔ ﻫ ﻟ ﺔ ﻣ‬ ‫– ﻫ ﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪ -‬ذات ﺣ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻔﺎءﺗﻬ ــﺎ اﻟ ﺎ ــﺔ ﺑ ـ ﻞ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ــﺞ )ﺗ‬ ‫ﻧ ــﺎع اﻟﻌ ــﺎم وﺗ‬ ‫ب – مصـدرها‪ :‬اﻟ ﻼ ــﺔ اﻟ ﻼزﻣ ــﺔ ﻧﺎﺗ ــﺔ ﻋ ـ ﺗ ــﺎﯾ اﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ــﺔ ‪ LB‬اﻟ ــﻲ ﺗ ــﺄ ﻋﻠ ــﻰ ﻣ ـ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻧ ﺎع اﻟﻌ ﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎرة ﻋ أﺟ ﺎم ﻣ ﺎدة(‬ ‫ﻣ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺷ ة إﻟ ﻰ اﻧ ﻘﺎء ﻧ ﻠﺔ )ﻟ ّ ﺔ( ﻣ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ﺗ ﻠ ﻣ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ )أﺟ ــﺎم ﻣ ــﺎدة ﻏ ــﺎﺋ ﺔ( ﻣ ﺎﻣﻠــﺔ ﻣــﻊ ﻣ ـ دات ﻫ ـ ا‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺗﻌ ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LB‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﯾد‬
‫‪ -5‬االنتقاء النسيلي للخاليا اللمفاوية ‪: LB‬‬

‫اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ﺎﻟ اﺣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ - 6‬مراحل االستجابة المناعية الخلطية‪ :‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫أ – مرحلة التعرف واالنتقاء ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺷ ة إﻟﻰ اﻧ ﻘــﺎء ﻧ ـ ﻠﺔ )ﻟ ّ ـﺔ( ﻣ ـ اﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ ﺗ ﻠ ـ ﻣ ـ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ــﺎﺋ ﺔ )أﺟ ــﺎم ﻣ ــﺎدة ﻏ ــﺎﺋ ﺔ( ﻣ ﺎﻣﻠــﺔ ﻣــﻊ ﻣ ـ دات‬ ‫ﺗﻌ ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LB‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬ ‫‪-‬ﯾد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫ ا اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫)اﻟ ﺎﻛ وﻓــﺎج واﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ ‪ (...LB‬وﻫ ـ ا‬ ‫ـ ف اﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿــﺔ ‪CPA‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻌ ـ وض ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺟ ــﺎت ‪ CMH II‬ﻣ ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﻌ ـ ف اﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ ‪ LT4‬ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟ ـ اﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ وض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺎت ‪.CMH II‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎً ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾ د إﻟﻰ اﻧ ﻘﺎء ﻧ ﻠﺔ ﺗ ﻠ ﻣ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ب ‪ -‬مرحلة التنشيط ‪:‬‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ـ ف اﻟ ﻼ ــﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ ـ ﺗ ـ ﻣ ـ ة‬ ‫‪ - :‬ﺗ ـ أوﻻً ﺎﻟ ـ ‪ IL1‬اﻟ ﻔ ـ ز ﻣ ـ‬ ‫ﺎت‪ ،‬ﺣ ـ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﺗ ﻋﻲ اﻷﻧ ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬و ‪ LB‬اﻟ ﻘﺎة ﺗ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻬ ا اﻟ‬ ‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻋ ة ‪ LTh‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻟـ ‪ IL2‬اﻟ ﻔ ز ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ ‪ LT4‬أﻣﺎ ‪ LB‬ﻓ‬ ‫ذاﺗﻲ ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟـ ‪ IL2‬ﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ج ‪ -‬مرحلة التكاثر والتمايز ‪:‬‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫)ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔ اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﺛ ﺗ ﺎﯾ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼ ﺎ ﺗﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻋ ة ‪ LTh‬اﻟ ﻔ زة ﻟﻠـ ‪ IL2‬وﺧﻼ ﺎ ذاﻛ ة ‪LT4m‬‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﺎﺛ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺎدة وﺧﻼ ﺎ ذاﻛ ة ‪) LBm‬ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔ اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻸﺟ ﺎم اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺛ ﺗ ﺎﯾ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼ ﺎ ﺑﻼزﻣ ﺔ )ﺑﻼﺳ ﺳ ( ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﺎﺛ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LB‬اﻟ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪22‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻬــﺎ ﻣ ـ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ــﺔ ﺗ ـ ﺗ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ـ ات اﻟ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻓــﻲ اﻟ ـ م وﻋ ـ اﻟ ﻘﺎﺋﻬــﺎ ﺎﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻌــﺔ ﺑ وﺗ ــﺔ( ﺗ ـ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ــﺔ )ذات‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ات( ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إ ﺎل ﻣﻔﻌ ل اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫د ‪ -‬مرحلة التنفيذ ‪:‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌ ﻞ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﻼزﻣ ــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ إﻧ ــﺎج و ـ ح أﺟ ــﺎم ﻣ ــﺎدة ﻧ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻘ ات ﻣ ﺎ ﺔ )أﺟ ﺎم ﻣ ﺎدة – ﻣ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫الحالة الثانية للدفاع عن العضوية (االستجابة المناعية الخلوية) ‪ :‬اﻟﻌ ﺎﺻ اﻟ ﻓﺎ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ ﺗ ﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻣﺔ ‪.LTc‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪ -1‬آلية عمل اللمفاويات السامة ‪ : LTc‬ﯾ ﻋ ﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪ LTc‬وﻓ اﻟ اﺣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ وض‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ اﻟ ﻌ ف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺔ ‪ CMH I‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺔ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻘ ﻞ ﻏ ﺎﺋﻲ ‪TCR‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﻌ ف اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ‪ LTc‬ﺗﻌ ﻓ ًﺎ ﻣ دوﺟ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻋﻠ ﻪ ﻓﻲ آن واﺣ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻹﻧ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﻓ ر ﻣﻊ ﻌ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ر اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ‪ LTc‬ﺑ وﺗ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻼ ﻗ ات ﺣﻠ ﻟ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺔ ﻣ ً‬ ‫اﻟ ﻓ ر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﺎء اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﺿﻊ ﺑ وﺗ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻠﺔ ﻣ ﺎ ﯾ د إﻟﻰ ﺗ ﻠﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ وﻣ ﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘ ات اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬دﺧ ل اﻟ ﺎء واﻟ ارد ﻋ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﻔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫مالحظة ‪ :‬ﯾ ﺗ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺞ )أ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻲ اﻟﻌ ﺎم وﺗ‬ ‫‪ -2‬مصدر اللمفاويات السامة ‪ :LTc‬ﺗ ﺞ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻣﺔ ‪ LTc‬ﻣ ﺗ ﺎﯾ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪ LT8‬اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ وض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺎت ‪ (CMH I‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐ ة‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ‪TCR‬‬ ‫ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻧ‬ ‫ﻠﻬﺎ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻋ ﺗ ﺎس ﻫ ﻩ اﻷﺧ ة ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﻘ ﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔﺿ ﺑ‬ ‫‪ -3‬االنتقاء النسيلي للخاليا اللمفاوية ‪ :LT8‬ﯾ اﻧ ﻘﺎء اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪ LT8‬اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ وض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺎت ‪.CMH I‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻠ اﻟ ﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺎة ﻣ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ‪ ،CPA‬ﺣ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ﺎﻟ اﺣﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬مراحل االستجابة المناعية الخلوية‪ :‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫أ‪ -‬مرحلة التعرف واالنتقاء‪:‬‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻧ ﻘﺎء ﻧ ﻠﺔ ﺗ ﻠ‬ ‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ‪ CPA‬وﻫ ا ﯾ د‬ ‫اﻟ ﻌ وض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺎت ‪ CMH I‬ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﻌ ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT8‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫اﻟ ﻌ وض ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟ ﺎت ‪.CMH I‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻘ ﻼت ﻏ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ب‪ -‬مرحلة التنشيط ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎت‪ ،‬ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﺗ ﻋﻲ اﻷﻧ وﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬و ‪ LT8‬اﻟ ﻘﺎة ﺗ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫أوﻻً ﺎﻟـ ‪ IL1‬اﻟ ﻔ ز ﻣ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺗ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻬ ا اﻟ‬ ‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻋ ة ‪ LTh‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻟـ ‪ IL2‬اﻟ ﻔ ز ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ ‪ LT4‬أﻣﺎ ‪ LT8‬ﻓ‬ ‫ذاﺗﻲ ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻣ ة ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ اﻟـ ‪ ،IL2‬ﺗ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺗ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ج‪ -‬مرحلة التكاثر والتمايز ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺔ ﺛ ﺗ ﺎﯾ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼ ﺎ ﺗﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻋ ة ‪ LTh‬اﻟ ﻔ زة ﻟﻠـ ‪ IL2‬وﺧﻼ ﺎ ذاﻛ ة ‪) LT4m‬ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔ اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﺎﺛ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬اﻟ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﺗ ﺎﯾ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼ ﺎ ﺗﺎﺋ ﺔ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ‪ LTc‬وﺧﻼ ﺎ ذاﻛ ة ‪) LT8m‬ﻟﻬﺎ دور ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔ اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺔ واﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﺎﺛ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT8‬اﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻞ ﻗ ات‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟ ﻓ ر‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ وﻣ ﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﺗﻌ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻓ از ﺑ وﺗ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺗ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺗ ﺢ ﻫ ﻩ اﻟﻘ ات ﺑ ﺧ ل اﻟ ﺎء واﻟ ارد ﻣ ﺎ ﯾ د إﻟﻰ اﻧ ﻼل اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﻣﺔ ‪ LTc‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ م وﻋ اﻟ ﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺎﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫د‪ -‬مرحلة التنفيذ ‪:‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ ﺎء اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬
‫‪-‬ﺗ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫د اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔﻣﺗ‬ ‫اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ ) 3‬اختيار نمط االستجابة المناعية النوعية‪ :‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎت ‪ CMH II‬إﻟﻰ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪.LT4‬‬ ‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻣ ﺗ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺔ( ﺗﻘ م ﻣ‬ ‫ﺄ )اﻟ‬ ‫ات اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻋ اﻟ وﺗ ﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫‪ ،‬و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ ن اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﺧﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺑ ورﻫﺎ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LB‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﺎﻟـ ‪ IL1‬ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻋ ة ‪ LTh‬اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎﺔ‬ ‫ف اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧ ﺔ ‪ (...‬ﻓ ﻘ م ﻣ‬ ‫ﺄ )ﻣ ﻞ اﻟ وﺗ ﺎت اﻟﻔ وﺳ ﺔ و وﺗ ﺎت اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬ ‫ات اﻟ ﺎﺗ ﺔ ﻋ اﻟ وﺗ ﺎت اﻟ اﺧﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬أﻣﺎ اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺎت ‪ CMH I‬إﻟﻰ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ ،LT8‬و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ ن اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ ﺧﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺗ ﺔ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺎت واﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﻬ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻘ ﻼت اﻟﻐ ﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬ ﻩ اﻷﻧ ﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ أ اﻟ ﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.IL1‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫‪ّ IL2‬إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺎت اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫وﺗ ﻔ ﻫﺎ ﺎﻷﻧ ﻟ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻌ د اﻹﺗ ﺎل ﺎﻟ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫مالحظات هامة‪ :‬ﻻ ﯾ ﺛ اﻷﻧ ﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪32‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪33‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻟ ض ﻓﻘ ان‬ ‫ﺧﻼ ﺎﻩ ﻔ وس ال ‪ VIH‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ ﻹﺻﺎ ﺔ ﻌ‬ ‫(‪ ) 4‬فقدان المناعة المكتسبة ‪ :‬ﻔﻘ اﻟ ﻬﺎز اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ ﻗ رﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻓﺎع ﻋ اﻟ ات ﻧ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺔ )‪.(SIDA‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ اﻟﻌﺎﻟ ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﻌ ذﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛ اﻧ‬ ‫ة اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ا ﻋﺎم ‪1981‬م ﺎﻟ ﻻ ﺎت اﻟ‬ ‫ﻬ ﻣ ض اﻟ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ق أﻫ ﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺔ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ م ‪...‬‬ ‫ﯾ ﻘﻞ ﻫ ا اﻟ ض ﻌ ة‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫فيروس فقدان المناعة البشري ‪ : VIH‬ﻌ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻓ وس ‪ VIH‬ﻣ اﻟﻔ وﺳﺎت اﻟ اﺟﻌﺔ )‪ (Rétrovirus‬ﻷن ﻣﺎدﺗﻪ اﻟ راﺛ ﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪.ARN‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﯾ ن ﻓ وس ‪ VIH‬ﻣ اﻟ ﺎرج ﻧ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻟ اﺧﻞ ﻣ ‪:‬‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺔ ﻣ ﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺑ وﺗ ﺎت ﺳ ﺔ )‪ GP 120‬و ‪.(GP 41‬‬ ‫ﻘﺔ ﻓ ﺳﻔ ﻟ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻌﺔ ﺑ وﺗ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻓ ﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟ ﺔ ذات‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫اﻟ ﺦ اﻟﻌ ﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑ اﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﺎدة اﻟ راﺛ ﺔ )‪ (ARN‬وﻧ‬ ‫ﻌﺔ ﺑ وﺗ ﺔ ﺗ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻓ ﺔ داﺧﻠ ﺔ ذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪34‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻘﺎ اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠ‬ ‫‪ -2‬مراحل تطور فيروس الـ ‪ VIH‬داخل الخاليا الـ ‪: LT4‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ًﺎ ﺑ ﻬ ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓ وس ال ‪ VIH‬ﺑ اﺳ ﺔ ‪ GP 120‬ﻋﻠﻰ ال ‪ CD4‬ﻟﻠ ﻠ ﺔ ‪ LT4‬ﻟ ﺟ د ﺗ ﺎﻣﻞ ﺑ‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﯾ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ( 2‬ﯾ ﻣﺞ ﻏ ﺎء اﻟﻔ وس ﻣﻊ ﻏ ﺎء اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻟ ﺦ اﻟﻌ ﻲ ‪ (..‬ﺑ اﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻩ )‪ ARN‬ﻓ وﺳﻲ‪ ،‬إﻧ‬ ‫رﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺔ و‬ ‫اﻟﻔ وس إﻟﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫‪(3‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫اﻟ ﺦ اﻟﻌ ﻲ اﻟـ ‪ ARN‬اﻟﻔ وﺳﻲ إﻟﻰ ‪ ADN‬ﻓ وﺳﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ ل إﻧ‬ ‫‪(4‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ADN‬اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫‪ُ (5‬ﯾ ﻣﺞ اﻟـ ‪ ADN‬اﻟﻔ وﺳﻲ ﺿ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﯾ ﺟ إﻟﻰ ﺑ وﺗ ﺎت ﻓ وﺳ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (6‬ﯾ ﺦ اﻟـ ‪ ADN‬اﻟﻔ وﺳﻲ إﻟﻰ ‪ ARN‬ﻓ وﺳﻲ و ‪ ARNm‬اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺎ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ ﻞ ﻓ وﺳﺎت ﺟ ﯾ ة ﺎﻟ ﻋ ‪.‬‬ ‫ر ﻣ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ وﺗ‬ ‫ﻊ ﻣ ﻧﺎت اﻟﻔ وس اﻟ‬ ‫‪ (7‬ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪37‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻟﻺﺻﺎ ﺔ ﺄﻣ اض اﻧ ﻬﺎزﺔ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ة )ﻻﺣ اﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ﻘ ﻞ ال ‪CD4‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺳ ﺎ ﺎت اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫وﻫ ا ﯾ د إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪ LT4‬واﻟ ﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻟ‬

‫‪38‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺎت(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻬ ف ﻓ وس ﻓﻘ ان اﻟ ﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺎً ﻣﻊ ‪ GP 120‬ﻟﻠﻔ وس( وﻫﻲ ﺧﻼ ﺎ أﺳﺎﺳ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻌ ف وﺗﻘ‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻋ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬ﻓﻲ ﻣ ﺣﻠﺔ اﻟ ض إﻟﻰ أﻗﻞ ﻣ ‪ 200‬ﺧﻠ ﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﻠ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺗ ﺛﻬﺎ ﻋ اﻣﻞ ﻣ ﺿﺔ ) ﻔ ﻠ ﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓ وﺳﺎت‪،‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﻗ‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﻣﻞ ﺑ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫‪ -3‬سبب فقدان المناعة المكتسبة ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪39‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫المرحلة ‪ :01‬اإلصابة األولية‪) :‬ﺗ وم ﻋ ة أﺳﺎﺑ ﻊ ﻣ دﺧ ل اﻟﻔ وس(‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ ، LT4‬وﻫ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ إﺻﺎ ﺔ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ اﻟﻔ وﺳ ﺔ ﯾ اﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺟ ا ﻓﻲ اﻟ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺧﻼل ‪ 6‬أﺳﺎﺑ ﻊ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣ دﺧ ل اﻟﻔ وس ﯾﻼﺣ ﺗ اﯾ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘ ﺎء ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ LT4‬ﺎﻟﻔ وس وﺗ ﺎﺛ ﻩ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﻠ ﺔ ‪ LT4‬وﻫ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗ ﻟ ﻋ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗ اﯾ‬ ‫ﺎدة وﺗ اﯾ‬ ‫ﻬ ر اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻬ اﻟـ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LTc‬ﯾ اﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻌ ذﻟ‬ ‫‪ -‬إﺑ اءا ﻣ اﻷﺳ ع اﻟ ﺎﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺔ اﻟﻔ وﺳ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺔ )ﻓ وس ‪ VIH‬داﺧﻞ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ( وﺳ ﺎ ﺔ ﺧﻠ ﺔ ﺿ ‪ VIH‬اﻟ ‪ ،‬ﯾ اﻓ ذﻟ ﺗ ﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺎب إﺳ ﺎ ﺔ ﺧﻠ ﺔ ﺿ اﻟ ﻠ ﺔ ‪ LT4‬اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫وﻫ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟ ﻬﺎز اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫المرحلة ‪ :02‬مرحلة الترقب أو المرحلة المزمنة أو مرحلة اإلصابة بدون أعراض‪) :‬ﺗ وم ﻟﻌ ة ﺳ ات(‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻋ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬وﻫ ا ﯾ ل‬ ‫ﺎدة وﻋ د اﻟـ ‪ LTc‬ﻋﺎﻟ ﺔ وﺛﺎﺑ ﺔ وﻫ ا ﯾ ل ﻋﻠﻰ إﺳ ار اﻟ ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وﻣﻊ ذﻟ ﯾ ﺎﻗ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻘﺎء ﺷ ﺔ اﻟﻔ وس ﻣ ﻔ ﺔ و ﺔ اﻷﺟ ﺎم اﻟ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫أن اﻟ ﻬﺎز اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ ﻟ ﯾ ﺢ ﻓﻲ إﻗ ﺎء اﻟﻔ وس ﻧﻬﺎﺋ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫المرحلة ‪ :03‬مرحلة العجز المناعي (السيدا)‪:‬‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺔ اﻷﺟ ﺎم‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬إﻟﻰ ﻧ ﺔ ﺿ ﻠﺔ ﺟ ا )أﻗﻞ ﻣ ‪ 200‬ﺧﻠ ﺔ ‪ LT4‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠ ‪ (3‬وﺗ ﺎﻗ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺗ اﯾ ﺳ ﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺷ ﺔ اﻟﻔ وس و اﻓﻘﻪ ﺗ ﺎﻗ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺎدة وﻋ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LTc‬ﺣ ﻰ اﻹﻧﻌ ام‪ ،‬وﻫ ا ﯾ ل أن اﻹﻧ ﻔﺎض اﻟ ﯾ ﻟﻌ د اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬أﺿﻌﻒ اﻟ ﻬﺎز اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ اﺟﻊ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻔ وس ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺢ ﺎﻹﺻﺎ ﺔ ﺎﻷﻣ اض اﻹﻧ ﻬﺎزﺔ ﻣ ﺑ ﻬﺎ ﺳ ﺎﻧ ﺔ وﻓ وﺳ ﺔ واﻟ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﺎب ﻌ‬ ‫ﻊ ﻣ ﻔ ا اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬و ﺎﻟ ﺎﻟﻲ اﻟ ﻬﺎز اﻟ ﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟ ﺎﺛ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ ا اﻷﺧ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ ت اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺔ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻋ ﺎت ﻋ ﯾ ة وﻫ ﻣ ﻬ ﻧ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫‪41‬‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ ﺔ ﻔ وس اﻟـ ‪ VIH‬ﻏ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺎﻟﻔ وﺳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫مالحظة هامة ‪ :‬ﺗ و أﻏ ﺔ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LT4‬اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻷﺳ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫د‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫أعضاء وخاليا الجهاز المناعي (ملحق هام يساعد على فهم هذه الوحدة) ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬ ‫وﻫ ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﻗ‬ ‫‪ )1‬األعضاء المناعية ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻘ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ ﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫أ) أعضاء لمفاوية مركزية ‪ :‬ﻧ‬

‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻟ ﻣﻘ ﻧ ﺞ )اﻛ ﺎب اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ( اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪.LB‬‬ ‫ر ﺟ ﻊ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ وﺧﻼ ﺎ اﻟ م اﻷﺧ ‪ ،‬وﻫ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ﺎع اﻟﻌ ﻲ ) ‪ :(moelle osseuse‬ﻣ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳ ﺔ )‪ : (Thymus‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻘ ﻧ ﺞ ) اﻛ ﺎب اﻟ ﻔﺎءة اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ( اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪.LT‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟﻐ ة اﻟ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺎل واﻟﻌﻘ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ واﻟﻠ زﺗﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ ‪ LB‬و ‪ ،LT‬وﺗ ﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻓﻲ ‪ :‬اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻘ إ ﻟ ﻘﺎء اﻟ‬ ‫ب) أعضاء لمفاوية ثانوية ‪ :‬ﺗﻌ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ )2‬الخاليا المناعية ‪ :‬ﻣ أﻫ ﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫أ) الخاليا البالعة ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻓﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫) ‪.(Granulocyte‬‬ ‫ﺎء ﻣ ﻌ دة اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫) ‪.(Monocyte‬‬ ‫ﺎء وﺣ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫) ‪.(Monocyte‬‬ ‫ﺎء وﺣ ة اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻟ م اﻟ‬ ‫ة ) ‪ ( Macrophage‬اﻟ ﻲ ﺗ ﺞ ﻣ ﺗ ﺎﯾ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﻟ ﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻟ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ﻣ ﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪ LB‬و اﻟ ﻼ ﺎ اﻟﻠ ﻔﺎو ﺔ ‪.LT‬‬ ‫ب) الخاليا اللمفاوية ‪ :‬ﻧ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫‪42‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬ ‫‪0775.80.57.40‬‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ذز‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬

‫ذز‬

‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ا‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫‪BAC 2024‬‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬

‫‪@prof.zine.mahmoud‬‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

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‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬
‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
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‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬

‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
‫ذز‬
‫دور البروتينات في الدفاع عن الذات‬

‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫يﻦ‬
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‫اﻷ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮد‬
‫ﺳٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫يﻦ‬ ‫ذز‬ ‫ﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ٮ‪+‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫د‬