UNIT 4.

MUSIC AND ARTS (ÂM NHẠC VÀ MỸ THUẬT)

A. VOCABULARY

New words Meaning Picture Example

actor (n) nam diễn He is one of the

viên country’s top actors.

Anh ấy là một trong

những nam diễn viên
hàng đầu quốc gia.

actress (n) nữ diễn viên Jennifer Lawrence is a

famous American
actress.

Jennifer Lawrence là
một nữ diễn viên
người Mỹ nổi tiếng.

audition (n) buổi thử We are holding

giọng auditions for new
singers.

Chúng tôi đang tổ

chức buổi thử giọng
cho các ca sĩ mới.

comedian (n) diễn viên Comedians make

hài people laugh.

Nghệ sĩ hài khiến cho

mọi người cười.
compose (v) sáng tác Mozart composed his
last opera in 1791.

Mozart sáng tác bản o-

pê-ra cuối cùng năm
1791.

composer (n) nhà soạn He is one of the

nhạc greatest composers in
the world.

Ông là một trong

những nhà soạn nhạc
vĩ đại nhất thế giới.

decorate (v) trang trí They need to decorate

the living room.

Họ cần phải trang trí

phòng khách.

drama đạo diễn It is not easy to

director (n) phim become a drama
director.

Không dễ dàng để trở

thành một đạo diễn
phim.

essential thiết yếu Fresh water is essential

(adj) for life.

Nước sạch là thiết yếu

cho sự sống.
guitarist (n) người chơi Jim is the guitarist in
ghi-ta his band.

Jim là người chơi ghi-

ta trong nhóm.

leisure (n) giải trí The leisure industry is

advancing at a fast
pace.

Ngành công nghiệp

giải trí đang phát triển
với tốc độ nhanh
chóng.

musician (n) nhạc sĩ Not many young

people know this jazz
musician.

Không nhiều người trẻ

biết đến nhạc sĩ Jazz
này.

painter (n) họa sĩ Jane is studying to

become a painter.

Jane đang học để trở

thành một họa sĩ.

perform (v) trình diễn The singer didn’t

perform well last
night.

Ca sĩ diễn không tốt

đêm qua.
traditional truyền Elderly people like
(adj) thống listening to traditional
songs.

Những người già thích

nghe những bài hát
truyền thống.
 PAST PERFECT ( QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH)

1. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành và ví dụ

Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn

S + had + VpII S + hadn’t + VpII Had + S + VpII ?

Eg: Lưu ý: - Trả lời: Yes, S + had.

– He had gone out – hadn’t = had not No, S + hadn’t.

when I came into Eg: Eg:
the house.
– She hadn’t – Had the film ended when
==> Anh ấy đã đi
come home when I you arrived at the cinema?
ra ngoài khi tôi
got there. ==> Cô ==> Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi
vào nhà.
ấy vẫn chưa về nhà bạn tới rạp chiếu phim phải
khi tôi về. không?

Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t.

2. Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành

*Chỉ một việc đã hoàn thành trước một thời gian nhất định ở quá khứ

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường đi kèm với các từ chỉ thời gian:

o After: sau khi (Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after”
sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành).

o Before: trước khi (Trước “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
và sau “before” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn).

o When:Khi
o By the time(cho tới khi)
o As soon as( ngay sau khi)
o Ever, never,...
1. Yesterday morning when I arrived at Ha Noi Railway Station, the
train had left 15 minutes earlier, so I missed the first train to Hai
Phong.
2. By the time I returned home, she had already gone.
3. After he had done his homework, he went to the cinema. ( Sau khi nó
làm xong bài táp, nó đi xem phim.) = Before he went to the cinema,
he had done his homework.
4. When I got there, they had gone home. (Khi mà tôi tới đó, họ đã về
nhà rồi.)
5. By the time we got to the station, the train had already left. (Cho tới
khi chúng tôi tới)
Bài tập thực hành

Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. They (come) ……came……….. back home after they (finish) …………

had finished……… their work.

2. She said that she ( meet) ………had met……………. Mr. Bean before.

3. Before he (go) …………went……………….. to bed, he (read) ………

had read………………… a novel.

4. He told me he (not/wear) ……………hadn’t worn…………… such kind

of clothes before.

5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ……………had

started…………………….

6. Before she (listen) …………listened……….. to music, she (do)………

had done……………. homework.

7. Last night, Peter (go) ………had gone………….. to the supermarket

before he (go) ………went………… home.

Bài 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý cho sẵn.

1. David had gone home before we arrived

After David had gone home, we arrived.

……………………………………………………………………

2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.

Before …… we took a look around the shops , ………… We had had lunch
…………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.

When……… we got out of the office, The light had had gone out

4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.

By the time we started our work, she had explained everything clearly

5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother
came home.

Before my mother came home, my father had watered all the plants in the
garden.

Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. We …… before we got to the gathering.

had + VpII

A. already ate B. had already eaten

2. The report …… last week.

A. had been submitted B. was submitted

3. If I …… about the changes, I would tell you.

A. knew B. had known

4. By the time the firefighters ……, the house had completely burned
down.

A. had arrived B. arrived

5. He …… his job as a graphic designer about a year ago.

A. started B. had started

6. The students …… to raise some money after they …… a documentary

about Africa.
A. decided/had seen B. had decided/saw

7. She …… us a note to show us how to open the safe before she retired.

A. had left B. left

 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

( QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)

2. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn

S + had + been + V-ing S + hadn’t + been + V- Had + S + been + V-ing ?

ing Trả lời: Yes, S + had.
CHÚ Ý: No, S + hadn’t.

– hadn’t = had not

Ví dụ: Ví dụ: Ví dụ:

– It had been raining
very hard for two hours
before it stopped.
– They had been
working very hard talking to each other when
before we came.
– My father hadn’t been – Had they been waiting
doing anything when my for me when you met them?
mother came home. Yes, they had./ No, they
– They hadn’t been hadn’t.
– Had she been watching
we saw them.
TV for 4 hours before she
went to eat dinner?
Yes, she had./ No, she
hadn’t.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

 Until then

 By the time

 Prior to that time

  Before, after.

2. The use

* Thời QKHTTD diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trước thời điểm nói trong quá
khứ, kéo dài liên tục tới thời điểm đó, hoặc vừa mới chấm dứt trước đó.

Eg:- It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since
dawn.

- He opened the window. It was wet outside. It had been raining.

* So sánh 2 thời Past Perfect và Past Perfect Continuous:

- Past Perfect Continuous nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn của hành động

Eg: By 7 o'clock he had been repairing the engine. (Việc sửa còn tiếp diễn)

- Past Perfect nhấn mạnh việc hoàn tất của hành động (kết quả)

Eg: - By 7 o'clock he had repaired the engine. (Đã sửa xong)

BÀI TẬP

Bài 1. Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây với Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
tiếp diễn

S + had + been + V-ing

a) She ____had been waiting_______ (wait) for
her friend for two hours that day.

b) We were tired because we ____had been

working_______ (work) all day.
c) How long ____had you been studying_______ (you study) before taking
a break?

d) By the time she arrived, he ____had been wating_______ (wait) for over
an hour.

e) They were tired because they ____had been woking_______ (work) all
day long.

f) How long ___had you been learing________ (you learn) French before
you moved to Paris?

Bài 2. Sắp xếp từ để tạo thành câu có nghĩa

a) had / They / painting / been / the house / all day

b) been / working / had / She / on / the project / since / morning / the

c) had / to / studying / been / we / They / English / for / two hours / when /

came / visit

Bài 3. Điền since, for hoặc before vào chỗ trống thích hợp (mỗi chố
trống có thể có hơn một từ thích hợp)

a) I had been studying all night ___________ the exam.

b) They had been playing soccer ___________ the rain started.

c) How long had you been sleeping ___________ the alarm went off?

d) He had been working on the project ___________ Monday last week.

e) We had been waiting for the bus ___________ two hours that morning.

Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nâng cao

Bài 1. Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

a) By the time I ___________ (arrive), they ___________ (wait) for over

two hours.

b) How long ___________ (you work) here before you got promoted?
c) We were amazed at how much weight he had lost. He ___________
(exercise) intensively for months.

Bài 2. Tìm lỗi sai trong những câu dưới đây

a) She had been studying French for three years before she starting Spanish
lessons.

b) By the time they arrived, the guests had been leaving the party.

c) How long had you been waiting for the train before it arrives?

d) I had been working on the project for two days after I submitted it.

e) By the time he arrived, the event had been ending already.

Bài 3. Viết những câu dưới đây sử dụng những gợi ý đã cho theo thì quá
khứ hoàn thành

a) How long / she / learn / the violin / before / the performance?

b) What / you / do / at the company / before / you took on a managerial

role?

c) How long / they / practice / the dance routine / before / the competition?

d) How long / he / work / on the project / before / it was completed?