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Tshilidzi Marwala
Artificial Intelligence, Game Theory and Mechanism
Design in Politics
Tshilidzi Marwala
Artificial Intelligence,
Game Theory
and Mechanism
Design in Politics
Tshilidzi Marwala
United Nations University
Tokyo, Japan
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
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Preface
v
vi PREFACE
vii
Contents
ix
x CONTENTS
Index 211
About the Author
xv
Abbreviations
xvii
xviii ABBREVIATIONS
UN United Nations
VPNs Virtual Private Networks
WTO World Trade Organization
List of Figures
xix
List of Tables
xxi
CHAPTER 1
2005; Lagazio & Marwala, 2006; Marwala & Lagazio, 2004, 2011;
Ndzendze & Marwala, 2021, 2022). These technologies provide new
prospects for improving efficiency, security, and international coopera-
tion but also introduce risks and vulnerabilities that must be handled.
Therefore, nations must establish comprehensive policies to manage the
associated problems and dangers as they continue to invest in and adopt
cutting-edge technology, ensuring that these breakthroughs are used
responsibly and ethically.
The geopolitical environment is continually altering, with growing
countries like Russia and China confronting the United States (US)
and European powers (Carmody, 2013; Chun, 2016). As governments
compete for influence and resources, the shifting balance of power is
causing growing competition and tensions in diverse regions. In this
situation, governments must engage in proactive diplomacy and create
international collaboration to address common concerns and maintain
global stability.
Multilateralism and international institutions play an essential role in
global politics by offering frameworks and methods for nations to collab-
orate on common challenges and goals (Newman et al., 2006; Yahuda,
2011). However, multilateralism has come under strain in recent years,
with some countries pursuing more nationalist and protectionist policies
that jeopardize the efficacy and credibility of international organizations.
Nations must reaffirm their commitment to international cooperation,
collaborating to reform and improve these institutions in the face of
growing challenges to ensure multilateralism’s future relevance and effec-
tiveness.
Climate change and environmental issues have gained prominence in
international politics, with governments acknowledging the critical need
to address these serious issues (Dessler & Parson, 2019). As the effects of
climate change worsen, nations must adopt and execute aggressive climate
policies, collaborate on innovative solutions, and invest in the transition
to a more sustainable and resilient global economy. As a result, nations
can safeguard the environment while creating new economic growth and
development prospects.
This book investigates AI, game theory, and mechanism design in
politics.
1 INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, GAME … 3
1.2 AI
AI has quickly progressed from a fascinating branch of computer science
to a revolutionary worldwide phenomenon, impacting many industries
and redefining modern discourse (Marwala, 2021; Marwala & Hunt,
1999; Moloi & Marwala, 2021; Muller et al., 2022). Its dynamic inter-
actions with international politics are beginning to take shape, impacting
diplomatic relations, power dynamics, security, and economic develop-
ment. AI introduces new difficulties and uncertainties that require careful
handling by presenting significant possibilities for improving governance.
AI technologies such as machine learning and natural language
processing have far-reaching ramifications in international politics. These
technologies can analyze massive amounts of data faster and more
precisely than human analysts, giving governments and institutions crucial
decision-making insights. However, AI’s dual-use character—its ability
to be used for both positive and destructive purposes—has enormous
consequences for international security and political relations.
AI is altering fighting and defense strategies in worldwide security.
Drones, cyber warfare tools, and surveillance technology are increasingly
becoming part of national security systems. Moreover, the race for arti-
ficial intelligence mastery among significant powers such as the United
States and China is creating a new battleground in which technological
prowess dictates geopolitical influence and security strength.
AI tools can help in diplomacy by forecasting political trends, assessing
foreign policy, and even engaging in digital diplomacy. However, diplo-
macy automation might dehumanize diplomatic operations, raising ques-
tions regarding accountability, transparency, and ethical implications.
AI provides a lot of promise for economic development. It can
potentially increase efficiency, stimulate innovation, and generate income.
However, AI’s financial gains are now unequally distributed, with tech-
nologically advanced countries enjoying the lion’s share. This condition
exacerbates global inequality and can potentially create an “AI digital
divide” across nations, causing difficulties in international relations.
Furthermore, AI’s impact on labor markets can cause socio-economic
upheavals, potentially leading to political instability. As certain jobs are
replaced by technology, countries must handle the risk of greater unem-
ployment and social discontent, which can echo through international
politics.
4 T. MARWALA
Outcome
Players Rules
(?)
Rules
Players Outcome
(?)
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10 T. MARWALA
SPANISCH-MAURISCHE FAYENCEN.
FRANZÖSISCHE FAYENCEN.
DEUTSCHES STEINZEUG.