NAMA : Chelsa Yuliana Putri

KELAS: 2A
NIM : 221211991

For a deeper dive into some of the specific duties and procedures typically performed by RNs and
Advanced Nurse Practitioners.

1. Venipunture
venipuncture is carried out, namely blood collection by doing puncture into a vein. This is
done when doing a blood test or blood check
Procedure :
1. Disposable nitrile, vinylor polyethylene gloves to provide barrier protection
2. Non Latex Tourniquets: pre-cut or velcro type
3. Warming device (optional)
4. Antiseptics for skin preparation: 70% isopropyl alcohol pad. (For specific collections such
as blood culture collection, use Chloraprep.)
5. Sterile gauze pads or cotton balls.
6. Ice should be available when appropriate
7. Ammonia inhalants should be available for the occasional patient who will faint.
8. Syringes: 3, 5, 10, or 20 mL with 21-25 gauge needles and safety transferdevice
9. A butterfly set-up or winged infusion set with 21-25 gauge needles and attached tubing
10. Evacuated tubes are manufactured to withdraw a predetermined volume
of bloodThe vacutainer system is most often used for obtaining venous blood specimens.
Refer to the online Lab Manual to determine test collection requirements.
11. A puncture resistant disposable container to discard used supplies
12. Adhesive bandage and/or gauze should be available

2. Intubation
It could be said that intubation is a procedure that provides artificial respiration which is very
crucial to help save a person's life. When this procedure is performed, the doctor will first
administer medication, such as muscle relaxants and anesthesia to help make the procedure
easier.
Intubation can only be carried out if: other ways to clear the airway fail, long-term artificial
respiration is necessary, there is a big risk of new aspiration
Intubation Procedure
Step 1: administer anesthesia.
Step 2: insert the endotracheal tube into the windpipe.
Step 3: connect the endotracheal tube to the ventilator.

3. Blood Transfusion
A blood transfusion is a routine medical procedure in which donated blood is provided to you
through a narrow tube placed within a vein in your arm. This potentially life-saving procedure
can help replace blood lost due to surgery or injury.
How is the blood transfusion process? During a blood transfusion, a needle will be inserted
into one of the blood vessels. Donated blood stored in plastic bags enters the bloodstream
 through an IV drip. The patient will sit or lie down for the procedure, which usually takes one
to four hours
4. Tracheostomy Care
Tracheotomy care is action by cleaning tracheotomy cannula to maintain airway patency
When is a tracheostomy performed? Tracheostomy can be performed for patients who cannot
breathe independently (dependent on a ventilator) or for patients who have received
endotracheal intubation.
Introduce yourself and verify the patient's identity. Explain everything you need to do, why it
needs to be done, and how they can work together. For example, they may blink their eyes or
raise their fingers to indicate pain or distress.
Procedure
Ensure infection control procedures are in place ,Ensure patient privacy.,Prepare your patient
and equipment.Assist the patient into the Semi-Fowler or Fowler position.,Open the tracheostomy kit
or sterile basin.Pour the soaking solution and sterile normal saline solution into separate
containers.Establish a sterile field.Open other sterile supplies as needed, such as sterile applicators,
suction devices, and tracheostomy dressings.If necessary, suction the tracheostomy tube.Put on sterile
gloves.Suction the entire tracheostomy tube to remove secretions and strengthen the airway.Rinse the
suction catheter, wrap the catheter around your hand, and remove the glove so theinside faces out
over the catheter.Unlock the inner cannula with gloved hands.Release by gently pulling it towards you
parallel to its curve.Put it in the soaking solution.Remove soiled tracheostomy dressing.Place the
bandage on your gloved hand and remove the glove so that the inside of the bandage is on the
outside.Discard gloves and dressing.Put on sterile gloves. Make sure your dominant hand is sterile
during the procedure.Clean the inner cannula.Remove the inner cannula from the soaking
solution.Clean the lumen and entire inner cannula thoroughly using a brush or pipe cleaner moistened
with sterile normal saline solution.Check the cleanliness of the cannula by holding it at eye level and
looking through it into the light.Rinse the inner cannula thoroughly with sterile normal saline
solution.Tap the cannula against the inside rim of the sterile saline solution container.Use a pipe
cleaner folded in half to dry only the inside of the cannula; do not dry the outside.Replace the inner
cannula and tighten.Insert the inner cannula by holding the outer flange and inserting the cannula in
the direction of the curve.Lock the cannula in place by turning the key (if available) into position.
This will secure the inner cannula flange to the outer cannula.Clean the incision site as well as the
tube flange.Clean the incision site using a sterile applicator or gauze soaked in normal saline
solution.Remember to handle sterile equipment with your dominant hand.Use each applicator or
gauze pad only once, then throw it away.Hydrogen peroxide can usually be used in a half-strength
solution—mix with sterile normal saline—to remove crusty discharge (check hospital policy).Rinse
the entire area that has been cleaned using gauze moistened with sterile normal saline solution.Clean
the tube flange in the same way.Dry the patient's entire skin and tube flange with dry gauze.Apply a
sterile dressing.Use a commercially available tracheostomy dressing made from non-degradable
material. Alternatively, you can unfold and refold the 4-in. x inches. wrap the gauze into a V
shape.Tip: Avoid using gauze squares filled with cotton or cutting 4 inch pieces. x 4 inches. gauze.
5. Lifting Patients
Definition of Lifting a Patient This process transports patients from their beds to a chair or
wheelchair. Healthcare workers may perform this task when helping their patients adjust their
bodies or when helping them develop and regain strength in specific areas of their bodies.
Prosedur
Hold the patient close to your body while lifting and transferring them. The closer you hold
them the easier it is to maintain your natural center of gravity and remain steady on your feet.
By extending your arms, you engage weaker muscles and increase the risk of slips, falls, and
possibly dropping your patient.
6. Wound Care
Wound Care is an aseptic technique that aims to clean wounds from debris to speed up the
wound healing process. Wound Care services can be provided by visiting a doctor/nurse at the
patient's home.
How to care for open wounds in general Washing hands.
1. Before starting to clean the wound, wash 1.your hands first using soap and running water.
2. Press the area of skin that is still bleeding.
3. Clean the wound with water.
4. Apply petroleum jelly or antibiotic ointment.
5. Wrap with a bandage.

7. Splints and Casts

Casts and splints are orthopedic devices used to protect and support broken or injured bones
and joints.
Casts and splints are used when bones are broken. They can also be used after orthopedic
surgery. Sometimes a splint is used immediately after an injury due to swelling in the affected
area. Once the swelling has subsided, a full cast may be placed on the injured limb.
Prosedur
Verify your patient's identity with at least two identifiers (check facility policy).Try to get a
history of the injury.Provide emotional support to patients. Explain each step of the procedure
to them.Practice hand hygiene and take all precautions.Complete a head-to-toe assessment.
Remember to look for deformities, swelling, or bleeding.Ask the patient if they can move
their extremities.Examine and palpate the injured area to check for fractures or
dislocations.Apply a bandage, gauze, or cloth.Gently place the splint on the joint above the
injury and the joint below it. Secure the splint but tighten it only tight enough to hold the body
part still—DO NOT cut off the person's circulation.You can use ice or a cold compress to help
relieve the pain.

8. Catheterization
A catheter is a long, slender, flexible tube made of pliable material and can be seen with X-
rays.In general, a cath lab is usually performed on people with heart disease to help doctors
decide whether it is necessary to install a heart ring, intervene with a balloon, or even bypass
surgery.
Installation of IV access to a vein to administer the necessary medications.
Local anesthetic medication is given at the location of the needle puncture.
The needle is punctured at the location of the large blood vessel, then a catheter tube is
inserted.
The end of the catheter tube is equipped with various medical equipment, depending on the
purpose of cardiac catheterization.
After the cardiac catheterization procedure is complete, the catheter tube can be removed
from the blood vessel.

9. Ear Irrigation
Ear irrigation is a routine procedure used to remove excess earwax, or cerumen, and foreign
objects from the ear.
Prosedur
Put a few drops into your ear two to three times a day for several days.
Once the wax has softened, use a syringe filled with water (room temperature or slightly
warmer) or a mixture of water and salt to remove the wax.
10. Patient Counseling
Patient Education and Counseling is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering
patient education and health communication, especially counseling.
Effective patient education must start from the time the patient is treated until the patient is
discharged. Nurses should take advantage of every appropriate opportunity to educate their
patients about self-care.
Without proper education, patients may continue bad habits when they return home or forget
to treat their medical conditions. To educate the patient, the nurse should instruct the patient
about the following:
Nurses must carry out demonstrations and ask patients to repeat information or carry out
direct demonstrations.If the patient has developmental disabilities or literacy limitations,
modify your strategy as needed. Some patients may respond better to visual content than plain
text. Always keep these questions in mind when assessing a patient:What is their education
level?Can they read and understand medication, diet, procedure, or care instructions?What is
the best teaching method for them? Audio, visual or live approach?What language does the
patient speak?Does the patient want basic information or in-depth instructions?How well does
the patient see and hear?