COMPUTER SYSTEMS

SERVICING

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 12
IPV4 and IPv6 Addressing
 After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
1. List down the difference between IPV4 and IPV6 addresses;
2. Understand the process on how to compress an IPV6 address;
3. Appreciate the importance of knowing the difference
between an IPV4 and IPV6 addresses.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. Which of the following addresses is not an IPv4 address?

a. 192.168.1.1 c. 275.180.1.1
b. 172.168.1.1 d. 28.10.1.1
2. It is not usually transmitted across the network but instead it is something
that you usually used on a particular local workstation.
a. IP Address c. Subnet Mask
b. IPv4 d. IPv6
3. It determines what part of the IP address is for the network and which part
is for the host?
a. IP Address c. Subnet Mask
b. IPv4 d. IPv6
4. Which of the following addresses is not an IPv6 address?
a. fe80:5d18:652:cffd:8f52 c. fe80::5d18:652:cffd:8f52
b. de80:5d18:652::cffd:8f52 d. ee80:5d18:652:cffd::8f52
5. The IPv4 is divided into four groups which called octet and each octet is
equivalent to ___________.
a. 128 bits c. 16 bits
b. 32 bits d. 8 bits

• On our last module, the IP or Internet Protocol is the fundamental protocol

for communications on the Internet. It specifies the way information is
packetized, addressed, transferred, routed, and received by networked
devices.
 • We have also discussed that the successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was
formalized by the IETF in 1998. It was designed to eventually replace IPv4.
As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately 20% of all Internet traffic.
• With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class
A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E.
• Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number 1-126.
If an IP address happens to start with a 128 – 191 then that is a class B
address. Lastly, if an IP address starts with a 192-223 then that is a class
C address.
• IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically
assigned or statically assigned.
• A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get
reassembled properly.

INTRODUCTION
These days TCP/IP is a protocol of choice on a network, which means all of
the devices on a network will be assigned an IP address. IP address is a unique
number.
Here is an example of an IP address.

The IP address is usually combined with a subnet mask.

The subnet mask is used by a local device to determine what IP subnet it

belongs to. The subnet mask is not usually transmitted across the network but
instead it is something that you usually used on a particular local workstation.
If you have been tasked with configuring an IP address for workstation, it is
very common to ask for the IP address and subnet mask. An IP address is not
really just simply a single address. It is a combination of a network ID and a host
ID. The subnet mask determines what part of the IP address is for the network
and which part is for the host. Later on, we will be discussing on a separate module
how to perform a number of calculations in binary in order to get these network
ID and host ID.
IPv4 Addresses
If you are going to configure an IPv4 address, then you will encounter an
address like this:

192.168.1.131 is an example of an IPv4 address. Below each number is a

binary representation of each decimal number. The IPv4 is divided into four groups
which called octet and each octet is equivalent to 8 bits. An IPv4 address is a 32-
bit address because when we combined all of those 8 bits of four, we will have a
total of 32.
We can calculate the maximum value of each octet by calculating each in
binary. So converting 1111 1111 back to decimal notation will give you 255 which
is the maximum value for each octet in IPv4 addresses. It means that the
maximum values that you would ever see in IPV4 address would be
255.255.255.255.

IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 is an update to IPV4 which greatly expands the capabilities of an IP
protocol. With an IPv4 address, people can have approximately millions unique
addresses around the globe. But with the IPv6 you can have Undecillion addresses
around the globe. If the value of millions is define using 8 zeros on the right of the
number, undecillion use 27 zeros to the right of a number.
The major difference between an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address is their
total length.

Fe80::5d18:652:cffd:8f52 is an example of an IPV6 address. With IPv4, we

were looking at a four different octets which has a total of 32 bits in size. An IPv6
address on the other hand is a 128 bits long in size. This allows us to have more
addresses available for devices we use these days.
 Unlike IPv4, IPv6 is represented using a hexadecimal which is divided in 8
different groups separated with a colon.

IPv6 Compression
Writing out the entire IPv6 address is not easy because of its length. But
there are ways on how to abbreviate and compress this address down to smaller
size that will make easier for us to manage.
SAMPLE 1

Let us start compressing the given IPv6 above. So first, we remove all the
leading zero.
Leading zeros means:
1. A group of hexadecimal which has only zeros on them.
2. A group of zeros to the left of a number or letter.
So in our example, zeros with underline are leading zeros.
• fe80
• 0000
• 0000
• 0000
• cabc
• c800
• 00a7
• 08d5
Therefore, the IPv6 can now take the form

fe80:0:0:0:cabc:c800:a7:8d5
After taking out all the leading zeros, we may now abbreviate the groups of
zeros with double colons. However, we can only use this once. So, if there is
another group of zeros on the other side of IPv6, you can only choose which of the
two to be abbreviated and leave the other as it is.
Therefore, the IPv6 can now take the final form

fe80::cabc:c800:a7:8d5

Let us try another one.

SAMPLE 2
Compress the IPv6 address

2601:04c3:4002:be00:0000:0000:0000:0066

So in our example, zeros with underline are leading zeros.

• 2601
• 04c3
• 4002
• be00
• 0000
• 0000
• 0000
• 0066

Therefore, the IPv6 can now take the form

2601:4c3:4002:be00:0:0:0:66

Now let us abbreviate using double colon. The final answer should be,

2601:4c3:4002:be00::66
DIRECTION: Compress the following IPv6 addresses.
1. 2A03:2880:10FF:0008:0000:0000:FACE:B00C
2. 2A01:04C8:143A:1C08:D8A4:BAA7:A410:4AEB
3. AB1E:2B00:0000:1234:5678:9101:1112:1113
4. 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:FFFF:9F8A:9C34
5. 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:FFFF:AEDD:003C

192.168.1.131 is an example of an IPv4 address. The IPv4 is divided into four

groups which called octet and each octet is equivalent to 8 bits. An IPv4 address is a
32-bit address because when we combined all of those 8 bits of four, we will have a
total of 32.
Fe80::5d18:652:cffd:8f52 is an example of an IPV6 address. IPv6 is an update
to IPV4 which greatly expands the capabilities of an IP protocol. With an IPv4 address,
people can have approximately millions unique addresses around the globe. But with
the IPv6 you can have Undecillion addresses around the globe.
Writing out the entire IPv6 address is not easy because of its length. But we
can abbreviate and compress this address down to smaller size that will make easier
for us to manage.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Write your answer in two to
three sentences each number.

1. List down the difference between IPv4 and IPV6 address?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. Cite a situation in which you can apply the knowledge about IPv4 and IPv6
addressing.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. Which of the following addresses is not an IPv4 address?

a. 192.168.1.1 c. 275.180.1.1
b. 172.168.1.1 d. 28.10.1.1
2. It is not usually transmitted across the network but instead it is something
that you usually used on a particular local workstation.
a. IP Address c. Subnet Mask
b. IPv4 d. IPv6
3. It determines what part of the IP address is for the network and which part
is for the host?
a. IP Address c. Subnet Mask
b. IPv4 d. IPv6
4. Which of the following addresses is not an IPv6 address?
a. fe80:5d18:652:cffd:8f52 c. fe80::5d18:652:cffd:8f52
b. de80:5d18:652::cffd:8f52 d. ee80:5d18:652:cffd::8f52
5. The IPv4 is divided into four groups which called octet and each octet is
equivalent to ___________.
a. 128 bits c. 16 bits
b. 32 bits d. 8 bits