C A BLIN G, NETWORK

TYPES AND SERVICES

 1
PEER TO PEER
The peer to peer computing
architecture contains nodes that are
equal participants in data sharing. All
the tasks are equally divided between
all the nodes. The nodes interact with
each other as required as share
resources.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PEER
TO PEER COMPUTING
1. Peer to peer networks are usually formed by groups of a dozen or less computers.
These computers all store their data using individual security but also share data with
all the other nodes.
2. The nodes in peer to peer networks both use resources and provide resources. So, if
the nodes increase, then the resource sharing capacity of the peer to peer network
increases. This is different than client server networks where the server gets
overwhelmed if the nodes increase.
3. Since nodes in peer to peer networks act as both clients and servers, it is difficult to
provide adequate security for the nodes. This can lead to denial of service attacks.
4. Most modern operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS contain software to
implement peer to peer networks.
ADVANTAGES OF PEER TO
PEER COMPUTING
1. Each computer in the peer to peer network manages itself. So, the network is
quite easy to set up and maintain.
2. In the client server network, the server handles all the requests of the clients.
This provision is not required in peer to peer computing and the cost of the
server is saved.
3. It is easy to scale the peer to peer network and add more nodes. This only
increases the data sharing capacity of the system.
4. None of the nodes in the peer to peer network are dependent on the others for
their functioning.
DISADVANTAGES OF PEER
TO PEER COMPUTING
1. It is difficult to backup the data as it is stored in different computer
systems and there is no central server.
2. It is difficult to provide overall security in the peer to peer network as
each system is independent and contains its own data.
 2
CLIENT-SERVER
In client server computing, the clients request a
resource and the server provides that resource.
A server may serve multiple clients at the same
time while a client is in contact with only one
server. Both the client and server usually
communicate via a computer network but
sometimes they may reside in the same system
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT
SERVER COMPUTING
1. The client server computing works with a system of request and response. The client
sends a request to the server and the server responds with the desired information.

2. The client and server should follow a common communication protocol so they can easily
interact with each other. All the communication protocols are available at the application
layer.

3. A server can only accommodate a limited number of client requests at a time. So it uses a
system based to priority to respond to the requests.

4. Denial of Service attacks server ability to respond to authentic client requests by

inundating it with false requests.

5. An example of a client server computing system is a web server. It returns the web pages
to the clients that requested them.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER COMPUTING
1. All the required data is concentrated in a single place i.e. the server. So it is easy to
protect the data and provide authorization and authentication.

2. The server need not be located physically close to the clients. Yet the data can be
accessed efficiently.

3. It is easy to replace, upgrade or relocate the nodes in the client server model
because all the nodes are independent and request data only from the server.

4. All the nodes i.e clients and server may not be build on similar platforms yet they
can easily facilitate the transfer of data.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER COMPUTING
1. If all the clients simultaneously request data from the server, it may get
overloaded. This may lead to congestion in the network.

2. If the server fails for any reason, then none of the requests of the clients
can be fulfilled. This leads of failure of the client server network.
3. The cost of setting and maintaining a client server model are quite high
S.NO Client-Server Network Peer-to-Peer Network
1. In Client-Server Network, Clients and server are In Peer-to-Peer Network, Clients and
differentiated, Specific server and clients are server are not differentiated.
present.
2. Client-Server Network focuses on information While Peer-to-Peer Network focuses
sharing. on connectivity.
3. In Client-Server Network, Centralized server is used While in Peer-to-Peer Network, Each
to store the data. peer has its own data.
4. In Client-Server Network, Server respond the While in Peer-to-Peer Network, Each
services which is request by Client. and every node can do both request
and respond for the services.
5. Client-Server Network are costlier than Peer-to- While Peer-to-Peer Network are less
Peer Network. costlier than Client-Server Network.
6. Client-Server Network are more stable than Peer- While Peer-to-Peer Network are less
to-Peer Network. stable if number of peer is increase.
7. Client-Server Network is used for both small and While Peer-to-Peer Network is
large networks. generally suited for small networks
with fewer than 10 computers.
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES
AND TYPES OF
SERVERS
What is Server?
A server is a software or hardware device that accepts and responds to
requests made over a network. The device that makes the request, and receives
a response from the server, is called a client. On the Internet, the term "server"
commonly refers to the computer system that receives requests for a web files
and sends those files to the client.

What are they used for?

Servers manage network resources. For example, a user may set up a server to
control access to a network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host
a website. They are also proficient at performing intense calculations. Some
servers are committed to a specific task, often referred to as dedicated.
However, many servers today are shared servers that take on the responsibility
of e-mail, DNS, FTP, and even multiple websites in the case of a web server.
TYPES OF SERVERS AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS:
Application server – These servers hosts web apps (computer programs that run inside a web
browser) allowing users in the network to run and use them preventing the installation a copy on
their own computers. These servers need not be part of the World Wide Web. There clients are
computers with a web browser.

Catalog server – These servers maintains an index or table of contents of information that can be
found across a large distributed network. Distributed network may include computers, users, files
shared on file servers, and web apps. Examples of catalog servers are Directory servers and name
servers. There clients are any computer program that needs to find something on the network.
Example can be a Domain member attempting to log in, an email client looking for an email
address, or a user looking for a file
Communications server – These servers maintains an environment needed for one
communication endpoint to find other endpoints and then communicates with
them. These servers may or may not include a directory of communication
endpoints and a presence detection service, depending on the openness and
security parameters of the network. There clients are communication endpoints.

Computing server – These servers share vast amounts of computing resources which
include CPU and random-access memory over a network. Any computer program
that needs more CPU power and RAM than a personal computer can probably
afford can use these types of servers. The client must be a networked computer to
implement the client–server model which is necessity.
Communications server – These servers maintains an environment needed for
one communication endpoint to find other endpoints and then communicates
with them. These servers may or may not include a directory of
communication endpoints and a presence detection service, depending on the
openness and security parameters of the network. There clients are
communication endpoints.

Computing server – These servers share vast amounts of computing resources

which include CPU and random-access memory over a network. Any computer
program that needs more CPU power and RAM than a personal computer can
probably afford can use these types of servers. The client must be a
networked computer to implement the client–server model which is necessity.
Database server – These servers maintains and shares any form of database over a
network. A database is a organized collections of data with predefined properties that
may be displayed in a table. Clients of these servers are spreadsheets, accounting
software, asset management software or virtually any computer program that
consumes well-organized data, especially in large volumes.

Fax server – These severs share one or more fax machines over a network which
eliminates the hassle of physical access. Any fax sender or recipient are the clients of
these servers.

File server – Shares files and folders, storage space to hold files and folders, or both,
over a network Networked computers are the intended clients, even though local
programs can be clients
Game server – These servers enables several computers or gaming devices to
play multiplayer games. Personal computers or gaming consoles are their
clients.

Mail server – These servers makes email communication possible in the same
way as a post office makes snail mail communication possible. Clients of these
servers are senders and recipients of email
Print server – These severs share one or more printers over a network which
eliminates the hassle of physical access. Their clients are computers in need of
printing something.
Proxy server – This server acts as an intermediary between a client and a server
accepting incoming traffic from the client and sending it to the server. Reasons to use
a proxy server includes content control and filtering, improving traffic performance,
preventing unauthorized network access or simply routing the traffic over a large and
complex network. There clients are any networked computer.

Web server – These servers hosts web pages. A web server is responsible for making the
World Wide Web possible. Each website has one or more web servers. There clients are
computers with a web browser.