UNIROVUMA

Applied computer Sciences Course and Biology, level 2, 2024

English Language

Work Theme: Expressions of quantity; Going to Versus Will; Adjectives : Comparatives and
superlatives

NAMPULA

2024

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Index
Introduction.......................................................................................................................4

Expressions of quantity.....................................................................................................5

Countable and Non-coutable Expressions of Quantity.....................................................5

Expressing opinions about quantity...................................................................................6

Positive attitude.................................................................................................................6

Negative attitude................................................................................................................6

Going to versus will...........................................................................................................6

Adjectives : Comparatives and superlatives......................................................................8

Comparative adjectives.....................................................................................................8

Superlative adjectives........................................................................................................9

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives................................................................9

One syllable adjectives......................................................................................................9

Two syllables...................................................................................................................10

Three or more syllables...................................................................................................11

Conclusion.......................................................................................................................12

References.......................................................................................................................13

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Introduction
Count nouns refer to people, places, and things that can be counted. For example,
twenty students, eight rooms, one box, and four socks are all count nouns. Noncount
nouns, on the other hand, refer to items, qualities, or concepts that cannot be counted. It
is important to note that noncount nouns usually do not have plural forms (do not add –
s or –es to the end of the words).

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Expressions of quantity
Expressions of quantity tell us how many or how much of something there is. Compare
these two sentences: We get a little rain in spring. Many people live in London.

Expressions of quantity tell us how many or how much of something there is.

Compare these two sentences:

We get a little rain in spring.

Many people live in London.

We use a little with non-countable nouns like rain, snow, pollution etc. We cannot use a
little with countable nouns.

We use many with countable nouns like people, cars, chairs etc. We cannot use many
with countable nouns.

Today we look at some expressions of quantity that are used with both countable and
non-countable nouns.

This list starts with the least amount and ends with the most.

Countable and Non-coutable Expressions of Quantity

Not any
Countable: There are not any biscuits left.
Non-countable: There is not any water in the sink.

No
Countable: There are no animals in the park.
Non-countable: There is no money in my purse.

Some
Countable: Some children play here on the weekend.
Non-countable: There is some smoke coming from that house.

A lot of
Countable: She has a lot of dogs.
Non-countable: There’s a lot of traffic today.

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Lots of
Countable: Lots of women work here.
Non-countable: She made us lots of coffee.

Plenty of
Countable: There are plenty of bottles in the fridge.
Non-countable: There is plenty of information in report.

Most
Countable: She keeps most of her books in the shelf.
Non-countable: We spent the most time on the project.

All
Countable: Who ate all the apples?
Non-countable: Jennifer is the one with all the experience.

Expressing opinions about quantity

The quantifiers few and a few, and little and a little seem nearly identical but they are
actually quite distinct. These expressions show the speaker's attitude towards the
quantity he is referring to as either positive or negative.

Positive attitude
A few (for countable nouns) and a little (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity
in a positive way, implying that although the speaker may not have much, he has
enough.

Negative attitude
Few (for countable nouns) and little (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity in a
negative way. They may actually indicate a total lack of the noun, but are more polite
than saying so directly.

Going to versus will

Will is used when referring to the future with certainty and for recent, rapid
decisions. Going to is used to refer to events that have been previously planned.

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When to use GOING TO

The structure BE GOING TO is normally used to indicate the future but with some type
of connection to the present. We use it in the following situations:

When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something in the future. (Prior

Plan)

The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.

 They're going to retire to the beach - in fact they have already bought a little
beach house.

 I'm going to accept the job offer.

When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)

Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.

 I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.

 I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)

When something is about to happen:

 Get back! The bomb is going to explode.

When to use WILL

In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present,

use WILL:

For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)

This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.

 I'll buy one for you too.

 I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)

When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)

 My team will not win the league this season.

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  I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.

Note: You can use both Will and Going to for making future predictions.

To make an offer, a promise or a threat.

 I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.

 I promise I will behave next time.

 I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.

You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.

 I told him to take out the trash but he won't do it.

 My kids won't listen to anything I say.

 My car won't start.

Adjectives : Comparatives and superlatives

Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by
preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by
adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are
used, although one usage will be more common than the other.

Comparative adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they
modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns
are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).

The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final
example below).

Examples

 My house is larger than hers.

 This box is smaller than the one I lost.

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  Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.

 The rock flew higher than the roof.

 Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is
understood)

Superlative adjectives
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit
of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences
where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).

The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context
(final example below).

Examples

 My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

 This is the smallest box I've ever seen.

 Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.

 We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the
rocks" is understood)

Forming regular comparatives and superlatives

Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy. The form depends on the number of
syllables in the original adjective.

One syllable adjectives

Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant
+ single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding
the ending.

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 Adjective Comparative Superlative

tall taller tallest

fat fatter fattest

big bigger biggest

sad sadder saddest

Two syllables
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by
preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by
adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are
used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure
whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play it
safe and use more and most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to an i
before adding the ending.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Happy happier happiest

Simple simpler simplest

Busy busier busiest

Tilted more tilted most tilted

Tangled more tangled most tangled

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Three or more syllables
Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in front
of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Important more important most important

Expensive more expensive most expensive

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Conclusion
This document discusses expressions of quantity in English, explaining the differences
between much and many, as well as few and little. It states that much is used with
uncountable nouns while many is used with plural countable nouns. Few is used with
plural nouns to indicate a small number, while little is used with singular uncountable
nouns. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper uses of these expressions of
quantity.

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References
CAMPOS, GT Gramática Língua Inglesa: Teoria e Prática. São Paulo. Rideel, 2006.

EASTWOOD, J. Gramática Prática de Oxford. China: Oxford University Press,

2001.

GOMES, DR Presente Simples (Presente Simples). InfoEscola , 2019. Disponível em:

< https://www.infoescola.com/ingles/presente-simples-simple-present/ >. Acesso em:
27 mar. 2019.

AZAR, BS Gramática Inglesa. 3.ed. EUA: Prentice Hall Regents, 1998.

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