Módulo 2

TR ADIN G & N ETWOR KIN G

Introducción

3. B UY IN G & SELLIN G

3.1 Demonstrative Pronouns

3.2 Adjectives

4. SOCIALIZIN G

4.1 Present Simple Short Answers

4.2 Object Pronouns

4.3 Would

CIER R E DEL MÓDULO

Descarga del contenido

17

Introducción

VIDEO - MÓDULO 2
EaD Kennedy

00:10
Module 2 is about trading – Unit 3 focuses on products, and Unit 4 on people; two important elements in
the business world. By the end of the module, you will be able to make comparisons, offers and
invitations.

Objetivos del modulo

Speak about objects, compare them and indicate preferences.

Make offers and invitations.

 3.1 Demonstrative
UNIT 3
Buying & Selling
Pronouns.
3.2 Adjectives.

4.1 Present Simple Short

UNIT 4 Answers.
Socializing 4.2 Object Pronouns.
4.3 Would.

C O NT I NU A R
27

3.1 Demonstrative Pronouns

They are words we use to represent a thing or things; they can be near or far (cerca o lejos) in
distance or time:

-Near in time or distance: this, these (este, estos)

-Far in time or distance: that, those (ese / eso / esa / aquel / aquello / aquella, ese / eso / esa /
aquel / aquello / aquella).

Demonstrative pronouns always identify nouns

For example: “I can’t believe this.” We have no idea what “this” is, but it’s definitely something, a
thing.

Demonstrative pronouns are used to describe animals, places, or

things; sometimes they describe people, too
“This is a dog.” “That is Pergamino.” “Those are desks.” “Who is this? This is Mary”.

These are very nice shoes. I prefer these to those ones; they are nicer. (Estos son unos zapatos
muy bonitos. Prefiero estos a aquellos, son más bonitos).

In the previous sentence, we see words we use to represent objects or places (sometimes
people, too): these, those, ones; and a word used to compare two things: nicer.

More demonstrative pronouns

C O NT I NU A R
37

3.2 Adjectives

Adjectives are words to describe or modify people, things, and places. They say HOW things
are.

Adjective Examples:

They live in a big, beautiful house. (Viven en una casa grande y Hermosa).

It is a hot day, and Lisa is wearing a light dress. (Es un día caluroso y Lisa
esta vistiendo un vestido ligero).

The mountain tops are covered in sparkling snow. (Las cimas de las
montañas esta cubiertas por nieve brillante).

NOTE: Adjectives go before the noun. (Los adjetivos van antes del
sustantivo).

Types of Adjectives
Adjectives can modify and describe other words; there are different types of adjectives:
 1

Articles

There are only three articles: a, an, and the.

We use “A”, “AN” to speak about an indefinite thing, person, or place.

I’d like a coffee, please. (Quisiera un café, por favor)

Let’s go on an adventure. (Vayamos a una aventura)

These sentences are about indefinite things (not a specific coffee, not a specific adventure), they
have the same meaning, but we use:

A + consonant (coffee, car, etc.) AN + vowel

(adventure, apple, air, etc.)

We use “the” when we talk about a specific thing, person, or place:

Please give me a coffee. I’d like the one with cream on top. (Por favor,
deme un café. Quisiera el que tiene crema)
 Let’s go on an adventure. The Grand Canyon sounds perfect! (Vayamos a
una aventura. ¡El Gran Cañón suena perfecto!)

These sentences are about definite, or specific, things.

Numbers

When they’re used in sentences, numbers are almost always adjectives. You can tell that a
number is an adjective when it answers the question “How many?”

He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest. (Comió 23 panchos durante el

concurso).

Colors
Color adjectives are exactly what they sound like – they’re adjectives that indicate color.
Examples include pink, yellow, blue, etc.

Origin

They indicate the source of the noun, whether it’s a person, place, animal or thing.
Examples include American, Canadian, Mexican, French. (*)

(*) They are always capitalized (siempre se escriben con mayúscula)

Description

Most adjectives are used to describe nouns. See the chart for common opposite adjectives:
 NOTE: Adjectives are always singular. (Los adjetivos no tienen forma
plural)

Comparison of adjectives

When we compare two things, we use comparative adjectives:

This is a modern house. That building is more modern than the house.
(Esta es una casa moderna. Aquel edificio es más moderno que la casa.)

That is an old construction. This construction is older.

(Aquella es una vieja construcción. Esta es más vieja.)
More modern than and older than, are examples of comparatives. The rule to make comparatives
is:

Superlative adjectives
When we compare one thing against all the rest, we use the Superlative form of the adjective:

This is a modern house. It is the most modern house on the street.

(Esta es una casa moderna. Es la casa más moderna de la cuadra.)

That is an old construction. It is the oldest construction in town.

(Aquella es una vieja construcción. Es la más vieja del pueblo.)

The most modern and the oldest, are examples of superlatives. The rule to make superlatives is:
Positive, Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives

This video explains in detail the structures and uses of adjectives, and their comparative and
superlative forms.

01:42
 Nasjonal digital læringsarena (2012). Positive, Comparative and Superlative of Adjectives.
[Video]. YouTube.

Comparison of adjectives
This website contains many activities to practice comparison of adjectives (optional)

ACTIVITIES

Bibliografía de referencia

Murphy, Raymond. (2019). English grammar in use – A self study reference and practice book for
intermediate learners of English. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press.
C O NT I NU A R
47

4.1 Present Simple Short Answers

When we speak about likes and dislikes, we use the Present Simple Tense, because preferences
are always true (in opposition to temporary actions).

For example, “I like running in my free time”, or “My team leader likes people to arrive on time”.
They are habits, routines, or facts.
Take a look at the following chart with questions and answers about likes and dislikes. Yes/No
questions have a short answer; WH questions, an answer that gives information:

(*) “Them” > “a ellos”. Siempre después de una preposición o un verbo:

They love them. (Ellos los adoran [a ellos]) “Them” is an Object Pronoun.

Likes and dislikes

Everyday English conversations. Topic: Likes and Dislikes.

 13:43

Oxford Online English (2018). Talking About Likes and Dislikes in English - Spoken English Lesson. [Video].

YouTube.

C O NT I NU A R
57

4.2 Object Pronouns

All of the above examples help us express our likes and dislikes; however, when we want to ask
about what others want to do, we can use a Modal Verb, WOULD, in order to be politer*.

(*) POLITE: cortés, educado, formal.

C O NT I NU A R
67

4.3 Would

Example

Would you like to have a seat? (¿Te/Le gustaría tomar asiento?)

Would you like + verb

How to use "would like" with a verb?

"Would like" is used to mean "want", but it is used for more polite expressions.

Do you want to drink a coffee? (This is less formal and polite. We usually
use this for friends, children, etc.)

Would you like to drink a coffee? (This is more polite and formal.)

We can use it with a verb

 Form:

Subject + would like + to + verb

I would like to see the project plan. Would you like to arrange a meeting?

Me gustaría ver le plan del proyecto.

¿Le gustaría coordinar una reunión?

We can use it in positive, negative sentences and questions

"Would + verb" is the same for all subjects.

I would like to stay home today.

She would not agree to buy that product.

Would you like to go to the conference?

Contractions
We can make them shorter by using contractions.
Other verbs that use the structure: VERB + TO INFINITIVE
Here is a list of other verbs that have the same form (verb + to infinitive).
Examples

We agree to make a deal. (Acordamos hacer un trato)

We plan to buy the company. (Planeamos comprar la compañía)

She promises to pay the fee. (Ella promete pagar la tasa)

They prefer to buy online. (Ellos prefieren comprar en línea)

In the previous example, we see expressions to speak about what we like to do (lo que nos gusta
hacer) and what we would like to do (lo que nos gustaría hacer). Also, we see the word "them"
("ellos", pronombre de tercera persona plural; como sujeto es “they”, pero después de un verbo, o
una preposición, “them”).
Would you like?

A short video on How to offer things in English using 'would you like?'

00:50

Your English Web: Weekly English video lessons (2015). English grammar - Would you
like? [Video]. YouTube.
Bibliografía de referencia

Murphy, Raymond. (2019). English grammar in use – A self study reference and practice book for
intermediate learners of English. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press.
C O NT I NU A R
77

Descarga del contenido

¿Quieres imprimir el contenido del módulo?

Para descargar el contenido del módulo, e imprimirlo, haz clic en el archivo que se encuentra a
continuación.