PU II Maths Mid-Term QB-1

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MATHEMATICS
MID-TERM QUESTION BANK
Syllabus:
Relations and functions, Inverse trigonometric functions, Matrices, Determinants, Continuity
and Differentiability, Applications of derivatives and LPP
:One Mark Questions: 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =0
10. Find the principal value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛
I. Relations and Functions:
Soln:
𝝅
1. Give an example of a relation which is symmetric and 𝟔
transitive but not reflexive. 11. Find the principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −
Soln: Let the relation in the set A={1,2,3} defined as
Soln: 𝜋 − =
R={(1,2),(2,1),(1,1),(2,2)} is symmetric and transitive but not
reflexive. 12. Find the principal value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −
√
2. Define a bijective function. Soln: 𝜋 − =
Soln: A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is said to be a bijective function if it
is both one-one and onto. III. Matrices:
3. Define an equivalence relation. 1. Define a diagonal matrix.
Soln: A relation R is said to be an equivalence relation if it is Soln: Diagonal matrix is a square matrix in which all the
reflexive, symmetric and transitive. nondiagonal elements are zero.
4. Define a binary operation. 2. Construct a 2X3 matrix 𝐴 = 𝑎 whose elements are given
Soln: Binary operation is a function 𝑓: 𝐴𝑋𝐴 → 𝐴 given by ∗ by 𝑎 = |𝑖 − 𝑗|
(𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 0 1 2
5. Let * be the binary operation defined on the set Q of rational Soln: 𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 =
1 0 1
numbers, by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = then find the identity element. 3. What are the number of possible square matrices of order 3
Soln: Let ‘e’ be the identity element such that, 𝑎 ∗ 𝑒 = 𝑒 ∗ with each entry 0 or 1.
𝑎=𝑎 Soln: 23x3 = 29 = 512
i.e. =𝑎⟹𝑒=4∈𝑄 4. Define a scalar matrix
Soln: Scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix in which all the
Therefore, the identity element is 4
diagonal elements are equal.
6. Give an example of a relation which is symmetric only.
5. If a matrix has 13 elements then what are the possible orders
7. Let * be the binary operation on N given by a * b = LCM of a
it can have?
and b, find 20 * 16
Soln: 13X1, 1X13
8. Give an example of a relation which is reflexive and
6. Define an identity(unit) matrix
symmetric but not transitive
Soln: Unit matrix is a scalar matrix in which all the diagonal
II. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: elements are one(unity).
1. Write the domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 7. If a matrix has 8 elements then what are the possible orders it
Soln: Domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 is R can have?
2. Write the range of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 Soln: 8X1, 1X8, 4X2, 2X4,
8. Define a symmetric matrix
Soln: Range of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋] −
Soln: A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A|
3. Write the domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 =A
Soln: Domain of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is R-(-1,1) 9. Define a skew-symmetric matrix
4. Write the range of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 Soln: A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A|
Soln: Range of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋] − = - A.
10. Construct a 3X3 matrix 𝐴 = 𝑎 whose elements are given
5. Write the set of values of x, for which 2tan-1𝑥= tan-1
by 𝑎 =
holds.
Soln: |x|<1 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 1
6. Write the set of values of x, for which 2tan-1𝑥 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 -1 Soln: 𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 = 4 2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
holds 6 3 2
Soln: |𝑥| ≤ 1
IV. Determinants:
7. Write the set of values of x, for which 2tan-1𝑥 = Cos-1 3 𝑥 3 2
1. Find the values of x, for which =
holds 𝑥 1 4 1
3 𝑥 3 2
Soln: 𝑥 ≥ 0 Soln: =
𝑥 1 4 1
8. Write the set of values of x, for which ⇒ 3−𝑥 = 3−8
3𝑡𝑎n-1𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛-1 holds ⇒ 𝑥 = 8 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±2√2
Soln: |𝑥| < 1 2

√ 2. If 𝐴 = then find |2𝐴|
9. Find the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 4 2
1 2
Soln: Since, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = , Soln: 𝐴 =
4 2
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2 4 Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑎 =𝑥
Then, 2𝐴 =
8 4 Differentiating with respect to x, we get
2 4
⇒ |2𝐴| = = 8 − 32 = −24 = 3𝑥
8 4
Alternate method: 8. Give an example of a function which is continuous but not
1 2 differentiable
𝐴= ⇒ |𝐴| = 2 − 8 = −6
4 2 Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is continuous but not differentiable
|2𝐴| = 2 |𝐴| = 4(−6) = −24
3. If a square matrix A with |𝐴| = 6, then find the value of 9. Check the continuity of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 at 𝑥 = 1
𝐴𝐴|
Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3
Soln: 𝐴𝐴| = |𝐴| 𝐴| = 6𝑋6 = 36
At 𝑥 = 1, 𝑓(1) = 2(1) + 3 = 5
4. If A is a matrix of order 3X3 and |𝐴| = 2 then find |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|
And 𝐿𝐻𝐿 = lim 2𝑥 + 3 = 5
Soln: |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴| =2 =2 =4 →
5. If A is invertible matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 15 then find 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = lim 2𝑥 + 3 = 5
→
|𝐴 | Hence, 𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(1)
Soln: |𝐴 | = | | = Thus, the function is continuous at 𝑥 = 1
6. A be a nonsingular matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 25 then find 10. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is not continuous at
|𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| 𝑥 = 5. Justify the statement.
Soln: |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴| = 25 = 25 = 625 Soln:𝑓(𝑥) = is not defined at 𝑥 = 5
𝑥 2 6 2
7. If = then find the value of x. So, it is not continuous at 𝑥 = 5
18 𝑥 18 6
Soln:
𝑥 2
18 𝑥
=
6 2
18 6
VI. LPP:
⇒ 𝑥 − 36 = 36 − 36 1. Define optimal solution in linear programming problem
⇒ 𝑥 = 36 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±6 Soln: Any point in the feasible region that gives the optimal
8. Define a singular matrix value (max or min) of the objective function is called optimal
Soln: A square matrix A is said to a singular matrix if |𝐴| = 0 solution.
9. Define a non-singular matrix
Soln: A square matrix A is said to a singular matrix if |𝐴| ≠ 0 2. Define the term ‘corner points” of LPP
10. If a square matrix A of order 3 with |𝐴| = 5, then find the Soln: A corner point of a feasible region is a point in the
value of |3𝐴| region which is the intersection of two boundary lines in LPP
Soln: |2𝐴| = 2 |𝐴| = 2 (5) = 40
3. Define objective function of a linear programming problem.
V. Differentiation:
Soln: A linear function z  ax  by where a and b are
1. Find the derivative of 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 ) with respect to x
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 ) constants, which has to be optimized (maximized or
Differentiating with respect to x, we get minimized) is called objective function.
= −2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 )
4. Define feasible region of linear programming problem.
2. If 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(2𝑥 + 3) then find Soln: The common region determined by all the constraints
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛(2𝑥 + 3) including non-negative constraints of L.P.P is called feasible
Differentiating with respect to x, we get region.
= 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 (2𝑥 + 3)
5. Define feasible solution of linear programming problem.
3. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 ( )
then find
Soln: Any point in the feasible region of a LPP is called feasible
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑒 ( )
solution.
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
= 4𝑒 ( ) 6. Define optimal solution.
4. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 then find Soln: The point which maximises or minimises the objective
function in a LPP is called a optimal solution.
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑒 =𝑥
Differentiating with respect to x, we get 7. Define optimal value.
=1 Soln: The maximum or the minimum value of the objective
5. If 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝜋 then find function in a LPP is called optimal value.
Soln: Let, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝜋 8. Define infeasible region.
Differentiating with respect to x, we get Soln: The region other than the feasible region is called
1− =0⇒ =1 infeasible region.
6. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 then find
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑒 :Two Mark Questions:
=𝑒 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1. Define binary operation. Verify whether the operation *
7. If 𝑦 = 𝑎 then find defined on Z+ as a*b=ab+1 is binary operation or not.

Soln: A binary operation * is a function ∗: 𝐴𝑋𝐴 → 𝐴, such that  1 2 3 4 5

∗ (𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏𝜖𝐴 1 1 1 1 1
And clearly, ∀𝑎, 𝑏𝜖Z 1
a*b=ab+1 𝜖Z 1 2 2 2 2
Hence, * is a binary operation on Z 2
1 2 3 3 3
2. Verify whether the operation * defined on Q as 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = is 3
associative or not. 1 2 3 4 4
Soln: Given, 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 4
For associative, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 = 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) 1 2 3 4 5
5
Here, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 = ∗𝑐 = =
8. Find g o f and f o g if f(x) = |x| and g(x) = |5x – 2|
And 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) = 𝑎 ∗ = = Soln: f(x) = |x| and g(x) = |5x – 2|
Hence, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 = 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(|𝑥|) = |5|x| – 2|
∴ * is associative (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(|5x – 2|) = |5x – 2| = |5x – 2|
3. Examine whether the operation * defined on R as 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 =
II. Inverse Trigonometric functions:
is associative or not 1. Find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √3 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−2)
Soln: Given, 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = Soln: Given, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √3 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (−2)
For associative, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 = 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) = − 𝜋− = −𝜋+ =−
Here, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 = ∗𝑐 = = 2. Prove that, 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥
Soln: 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 , Put, 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 =
And 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) = 𝑎 ∗ = = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Hence, (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) ∗ 𝑐 ≠ 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
∴ * is not associative = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
4. A relation R is defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, by R = {(x, = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
y) : y is divisible by x}. Verify whether = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
R is symmetric and reflexive or not. Give reason. = 2𝜃
Soln: R is not symmetric. = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
Because, if y is divisible by x then it is not necessary that x is ∴ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥
also divisible by y 3. Prove that, 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥
i.e. (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 but (𝑦, 𝑥) ∉ 𝑅 Soln: 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 , Put, 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 =
And ∀𝑥𝜖𝐴, (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 as 𝑥 is divisible by itself. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
Hence, R is reflexive. = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
5. Find the gof and fog if f(x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Soln: f(x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
(𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(8𝑥 ) = (8𝑥 ) / = 2𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑥 / = 8 𝑥 / = 8𝑥 = 2𝜃
6. Show that the relation R in the set of integers given by R = {(a, = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
b) : 5 divides (a – b)} is symmetric and ∴ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥
Transitive. 4. Write the simplest form of 𝑐𝑜𝑡
√
Soln: Symmetric: Let, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍
Let, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 i.e. 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 Soln: Given, 𝑐𝑜𝑡
√
⇒ 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 − (𝑎 − 𝑏) Put, 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
⇒ 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡
⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 √ √
Hence, R is symmetric = 𝑐𝑜𝑡

√
Transitive: Let, 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑍 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡
Let, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 i.e. 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 and let, (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 i.e.
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃)
5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑐
=𝜃
⇒ 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
i.e. 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑐
⇒ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 5. Prove that, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 =
Hence, R is transitive. Soln: We need to P.T. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥=
7. A binary operation  on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a  b Let, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦
= min {a, b}, write the operation table for ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
operation  ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑦
Soln: Operation table: ⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥= −𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥=

⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 2. Find the equation of the line passing though (1, 2) and
6. Prove that, 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 ) (3, 6) using the determinants
Soln: 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 ) , Soln: Given, the two vertices are (1, 2), (3, 6) and let the
Put, 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 third vertex be (𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) 𝑥 𝑦 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1 2 1
= 3𝜃 3 6 1
= 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆 ⇒ 0 = |𝑥(2 − 6) − 𝑦(1 − 3) + 1(6 − 6)|
∴ 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 )
⇒ 0 = (−4𝑥 + 2𝑦)
7. Find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −√3
Soln: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −√3 ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
= − 𝜋− = −𝜋+ =−
3. Find the values of k, if area of the triangle is 4 sq. units
and vertices are (k,0), (4,0) & (0,4)
8. Find the value of 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −√2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−1/2)
Soln: Given, the vertices of triangle are (k,0), (4,0) & (0,4)
Soln: 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −√2 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−1/2) and the 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 4
=𝜋− − 𝜋− =− + = 𝑘 0 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 4 0 1
9. Find the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠
0 4 1
Soln: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos (𝜋 + ) ⇒ 4 = |𝑘(0 − 4) − 0 + 1(16 − 0)|
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −cos ( ) ⇒ 8 = |−4𝑘 + 16|
⇒ ±8 = −4𝑘 + 16
= 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos
⇒ 8 = −4𝑘 + 16 or −8 = −4𝑘 + 16
=𝜋− = ⇒ −8 = −4𝑘 or −24 = −4𝑘
10. Write the simplest form of 𝑡𝑎𝑛
√
,𝑥 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = 2 or 𝑘 = 6
4. Prove that “If any two rows (or columns) of a
√
Soln: Given, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 , determinant are interchanged,
put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⟹ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 then sign of determinant changes
√
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 Soln: Let, ∆= 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) −
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 ) + 𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 −𝑎 𝑏 )
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 Now, ∆ is obtained by interchanging 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
∆ = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) − 𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 ) +
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 )
=
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = −[𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) −
𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 ) + 𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 )] = −∆
11. If sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1, find the value of x.
Soln: Given, sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 =1 ∴ ∆1 = −∆
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 5. Prove that, if each element of a row of 3x3
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥= determinant is multiplied by a constant k, then the
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 value of determinant is multiplied by k
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 Soln: Let, ∆= 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) −
⇒ =𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 ) + 𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 )
III. Determinants: Now, ∆ is obtained by multiplying the first row by 𝑘
1. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (3, 8), 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑏 𝑘𝑐
(-4, 2) and (5, 1) using determinants ∆ = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) − 𝑘𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 −
Soln: Given, the vertices of triangle are 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑐 ) + 𝑘𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 )
(3, 8), (−4, 2) and (5, 1)
3 8 1 = 𝑘[𝑎1 (𝑏2 𝑐3 − 𝑏3 𝑐2 ) −
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = −4 2 1 = |3(2 − 1) − 8(−4 − 5) + 𝑏1 (𝑎2 𝑐3 − 𝑎3 𝑐2 ) + 𝑐1 (𝑎2 𝑏3 − 𝑎3 𝑏2 )] = 𝑘∆
5 1 1 ∴ ∆1 = 𝑘∆
1(−4 − 10)| = |61| = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 6. Prove that “If any two rows (or columns) of a
determinant are identical, then determinant vanishes”.

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Soln: 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
Soln: Let, ∆= 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 , where 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 are identical
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Now the value of ∆ is, 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
∆= 𝑎 (𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 ) − 𝑏 (𝑎 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑐 ) + 𝑐 (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 [𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝜃]
𝑎 𝑏 )=0 𝑦 = 3𝜃
Hence, if any two rows (or columns) of a determinant 𝑦 = 3𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
are identical, then determinant vanishes. Differentiating with respect to x we get,
IV. Differentiation: =
1. Differentiate log7 (loge x), with respect to x 8. Find dy , if 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = log (logx) dx
( ) Soln: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦
𝑦=
Differentiating with respect to x we get,
Differentiating with respect to x we get, 2 + 3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
= 𝑋 3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = −2
∴ = (3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) = −2
2. Differentiate x sin x, x > 0 with respect to x =
Soln: Let, 𝑦 = 𝑥
9. If dy y
Say, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 & 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 x  y  a , prove that 
dx x
⇒ 𝑓 | (𝑥) = 1 & 𝑔| (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 Soln: √𝑥 + 𝑦 = √𝑎
( )
= 𝑓(𝑥) ( )
𝑓 |(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑓(𝑥)𝑔| (𝑥) Differentiating with respect to x we get,
( )
+ =0
=𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) √ √
=
If y  tan 1  sin x , prove that dy  1 √ √
3.
 
 1  cos x 
√
dx 2 = =−
√
Soln: 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 10. Differentiate (log x) sinx , x > 1, w.r.t to x
/ / Soln: Let, 𝑦 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
/ Let, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
/
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 / ⇒ 𝑓 | (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔| (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥/2) ( ) ( )
= 𝑓(𝑥) ( )
𝑓 | (𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑔|(𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑥/2
Differentiating with respect to x, we get = (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) 𝑋 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔[𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥]𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= ∴ = (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔[𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥]
If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥), then prove that dy  1  y .
2
4.
dx x
V. Applications of derivatives:
1. Find the intervals in which the following function f given by
Soln: 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 6 is strictly decreasing.
( )
Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 6
( )
= = = ⇒ 𝒇| (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
5. Differentiate (log x)log x, x > 1, w.r.t to x 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly decreasing, 𝒇|(𝒙) < 𝟎
Soln: 𝑦 = (log x) = 𝑓(𝑥) ( ) 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 < 𝟎
Let, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 & 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 < 2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2)
⇒ 𝑓 | (𝑥) = & 𝑔| (𝑥) = 2. Using differentials, find the approximate value of √49.5
( ) ( ) Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 , 𝑥 = 49 & ∆𝑥 = 0.5
= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 |(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑓(𝑥)𝑔| (𝑥)
( ) 𝑓 | (𝑥) =
√
= (log x) 𝑋 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)𝑋 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 | (𝑥)∆𝑥
∴ = (log x) 𝑋 {1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)} √49.5 = √𝑥 + √ ∆𝑥
6. Find
dy √49.5 = √49 + (0.5)
, if sin 2 x  cos 2 y  k, where k is constant √
dx √49.5 = 7 + 𝑋
Soln: 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑘
Differentiating with respect to x we get, √49.5 = 7 + 𝑋 = 7.036
3. Find the approximate change in volume V of a cube of side x
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) = 0
meters caused by increasing the side by 2%.
= ( )
= Soln: ∆𝑉 =? , ∆𝑥 = 2%
𝑉=𝑎
If y  tan 1  3x  x ,  1  x  1 then find dy
3
7. 𝑉=𝑥
 2 
 1  3x  3 3 dx Differentiate with respect to x

∆𝑉 = 3𝑥 ∆𝑥 Reflexive: ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝑍
∆𝑉 = 3𝑥 = 0.06𝑥 𝑚 (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 as 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑎 = 0
∴ 𝑅 is reflexive relation
4. Find the intervals in which the following function f given by
Symmetric: Let, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 is strictly increasing.
i.e. 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏
5. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 at
⇒ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑥=2
⇒ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑎
6. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 7m with an error of
⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅
0.02m, then find the approximate error in calculating its
∴ 𝑅 is symmetric relation
volume.
Transitive: Let, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 & (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
7. Find the approximate change in the volume of a cube of side
i.e. 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 & 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏 − 𝑐
x meters caused by increasing the side by 3%.
⇒ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 𝑎 − 𝑐
8. Find the points on the curve + = 1 at which the ∴ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
tangents are parallel to x-axis. ∴ 𝑅 is transitive relation
4. Let, 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 & 𝑔: 𝑌 → 𝑍 be two invertible functions. Then
9. Using differentials, find the approximate value of (25)
show that 𝑔𝑜𝑓 is also invertible with (𝑔𝑜𝑓) = 𝑓 𝑜𝑔
5. Let, 𝑇 be the set of all triangles in a plane with R is a relation
:Three Mark Questions: in T given by 𝑅 = {(𝑇 , 𝑇 ): 𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑇 }. Show
that R is an equivalence relation.
1. Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, where II. Inverse Trigonometric functions:
𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} & 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1} defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = is one- 1. Prove that tan 1x  tan 1y  tan 1  x  y  when xy  1
 
one and onto or not. Give reason  1  xy 
Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = Soln: Let, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐴 & 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦=𝐵
One-One: ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 = 𝑥 & 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 = 𝑦
Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ), 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 Consider, 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 6 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
−2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 = −3𝑥 − 2 𝑥
−2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 3 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 =𝑥
∴ 𝑓 is one-one 2. Prove that 2tan 1 1  tan 1 1  tan 1 31
Onto: 2 7 17
∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵, ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 Soln: 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
=𝑦 ( / )
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 = 2 − 3𝑦 Now, 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥(1 − 𝑦) = 2 − 3𝑦
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥= ∈𝐴
∴ 𝑓 is onto. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2. If * is a binary operation defined on 𝐴 = 𝑁𝑋𝑁,
by (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐, 𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐, 𝑏 + 𝑑). Prove that * is = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
commutative and associative. Find the identity if it exists. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
Soln: Let, (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ 𝐴
(𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐, 𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐, 𝑏 + 𝑑) Hence, 2tan 1 1  tan 1 1  tan 1 31
And (𝑐, 𝑑) ∗ (𝑎, 𝑏) = (𝑐 + 𝑎, 𝑑 + 𝑏) = (𝑎 + 𝑐, 𝑏 + 𝑑) 2 7 17
∴∗ is commutative. 3. If tan x 
1 1  x  1 π
 tan 1
 find x.
Let, (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑), (𝑒, 𝑓) ∈ 𝐴 x2 x2 4
[(𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐, 𝑑)] ∗ (𝑒, 𝑓) = (𝑎 + 𝑐, 𝑏 + 𝑑) ∗ (𝑒, 𝑓)
Soln: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
= (𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒, 𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑓)
And (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ [(𝑐, 𝑑) ∗ (𝑒, 𝑓)] = (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐 + 𝑒, 𝑑 + 𝑓) ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
= (𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒, 𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑓)
∴∗ is associative. ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛
( )( ) ( )( )
=
( )( ) ( ) ( )
Now, let (𝑒, 𝑒) ∈ 𝐴 be the identity element
∀(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝐴, (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑒, 𝑒) = (𝑎, 𝑏) ⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )
=
(𝑎 + 𝑒, 𝑏 + 𝑒) = (𝑎, 𝑏)
⇒ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
⇒ 𝑎+𝑒 = 𝑎&𝑏+𝑒 =𝑏
⇒ (𝑒, 𝑒) = (0,0) ∉ 𝐴 ⇒ =1
Hence, the identity element doesn’t exist. ⇒ 2𝑥 − 4 = −3
3. Show that the relation R in the set of all integers, Z defined ⇒ 2𝑥 = 1
by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏} is an equivalence relation. ⇒𝑥 =
Soln: 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏}

⇒𝑥=± 1 2 1 0
√
= 𝐴
3 4 0 1
4. If tan-1(2𝑥) + tan-1(3𝑥) = , then find x 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 3𝑅
Soln: tan-1(2𝑥) + tan-1(3𝑥) = 1 2 1 0
= 𝐴
0 −2 −3 1
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑅 → 𝑅 /(−2)
( ) ( )
1 2 1 0
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = = 𝐴
0 1 3/2 −1/2
⇒ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 2𝑅
1 0 −2 1
⇒ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴
0 1 3/2 −1/2
i.e. 𝐼 = 𝐵𝐴
⇒ =1
−2 1
⇒ 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0 ∴ 𝐴 =𝐵=
3/2 −1/2
⇒ 6𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 2 3
⇒ 6𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 + 1) = 0
2. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = using elementary
5 7
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(6𝑥 − 1) = 0 transformations
⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 6𝑥 − 1 = 0 2 3
Soln: 𝐴 =
⇒ 𝑥 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 5 7
𝐴 = 𝐼𝐴
Since, 𝑥 = −1 doesn’t satisfy the given equation 2 3 1 0
= 𝐴
Hence, 𝑥 = 5 7 0 1
𝑅 → 𝑅 /2
5. Prove that 1 3/2 1/2 0
= 𝐴
 2x   3x  x 3  1 5 7 0 1
tan 1x  tan 1  2 
 tan 1  , | x |
2  𝑅 → 𝑅 − 5𝑅
 1  x   1  3x  3
1 3/2 1/2 0
= 𝐴
Soln: Consider, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 0 −1/2 −5/2 1
Put, 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑅 → 𝑅 /(−1/2)
1 3/2 1/2 0
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝐴
0 1 5 −2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝜃) 𝑅 → 𝑅 − (3/2)𝑅
= 3𝜃 1 0 −7 3
= 𝐴
= 𝜃 + 2𝜃 0 1 5 −2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
−7 3
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆 ∴ 𝐴 =𝐵=
5 −2
1 3
6. Find the value of 3. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = using elementary
2 7
1  2x   1  y  2
transformations
tan sin 1  2 
 cos 1   x  1, y  0 and xy  1
2 
2 1 x   1  y  1 3
Soln: 𝐴 =
Soln: Let, 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 & 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 2 7
𝐴 = 𝐼𝐴
tan sin + cos 1 3 1 0
= 𝐴
= tan [sin (sin2A) + cos (cos2B)] 2 7 0 1
𝑅 → 𝑅 − 2𝑅
= tan [2A + 2B] 1 3 1 0
= 𝐴
= tan[A + B] 0 1 −2 1
𝑅 → 𝑅 − 3𝑅
= = 1 0 7 −3
. = 𝐴
7. Simplify: 0 1 −2 1
 2cos x  3sin x  2 7 −3
tan 1   , tan x  1 ∴ 𝐴 =𝐵=
 3 cos x  2 sin x  3 −2 1
3 10
Soln: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = using elementary
2 7
Divide Nr. & Dr. by 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 transformations
3 10
Soln: 𝐴 =
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 7
𝐴 = 𝐼𝐴
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 3 10 1 0
= 𝐴
2 7 0 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝑥 𝑅 → 𝑅 /3
1. Matrices: 1 10/3
=
1/3 0
𝐴
2 7 0 1
1. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = 1 2 using elementary 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 2𝑅
3 4 1 10/3 1/3 0
transformations = 𝐴
1 2 0 1/3 −2/3 1
Soln: 𝐴 = 𝑅 → 𝑅 /(1/3)
3 4
𝐴 = 𝐼𝐴 1 10/3 1/3 0
= 𝐴
0 1 −2 3
𝑅 → 𝑅 − (10/3)𝑅

1 0 7 −10 6 −2 2 0 0 0
= 𝐴
0 1 −2 3 ∴ 𝑃 + 𝑄 = −2 3 −1 + 0 0 0 =
i.e. 𝐼 = 𝐵𝐴 2 −1 3 0 0 0
7 −10 6 −2 2
∴ 𝐴 =𝐵=
−2 3 −2 3 −1
1 2
5. Express the matrix 𝐴 = as the sum of symmetric and 2 −1 3
1 2 3
3 4
skew symmetric matrices. 8. Express the matrix 𝐴 = 4 5 6 as the sum of symmetric
1 2 1 3 −1 2 3
Soln: 𝐴 = and 𝐴| =
3 4 2 4 and skew symmetric matrices.
𝟏 1 2 1 3 2 5 1 2 3 1 4 −1
Let, 𝑃 = 𝐴 + 𝐴| = + = =
𝟐 3 4 2 4 5 8 Soln: 𝐴 = 4 5 6 and 𝐴| = 2 5 2
1 5/2
−1 2 3 3 6 3
5/2 4 1 2 3 1 4 −1
1 5/2 𝟏
And 𝑃 =
| = 𝑃, so P is symmetric matrix Let, 𝑃 = 𝟐 𝐴 + 𝐴 =
|
4 5 6 + 2 5 2 =
5/2 4 −1 2 3 3 6 3
𝟏 1 2 1 3 2 6 2 1 3 1
Now, let, 𝑄 = 𝐴 − 𝐴| = − =
𝟐 3 4 2 4 6 10 8 = 3 5 4
0 −1 0 −1/2 2 8 6 1 4 3
=
1 0 1/2 0 1 2 3
0 1/2 And 𝑃 | = 4 5 6 = 𝑃, so P is symmetric matrix
And 𝑄 =
| = −𝑄, So Q is skew -symmetric
−1/2 0 −1 2 3
matrix 1 2 3
𝟏
1 5/2 0 −1/2 1 2 Now, let, 𝑄 = 𝐴 − 𝐴| = 4 5 6 −
𝟐
∴𝑃+𝑄 = + = −1 2 3
5/2 4 1/2 0 3 4
3 5 1 4 −1 0 −2 4 0 −1 2
6. Express the matrix 𝐴 = as the sum of symmetric 2 5 2 = 2 0 4 = 1 0 2
1 −1
and skew symmetric matrices. 3 6 3 −4 −4 0 −2 −2 0
0 1 −2
3 5 3 1
Soln: 𝐴 = and 𝐴| = And 𝑄 | = −1 0 −2 = −𝑄 , So Q is skew -symmetric
1 −1 5 −1
𝟏 3 5 3 1 2 2 0
Let, 𝑃 = 𝐴 + 𝐴| = + = matrix
𝟐 1 −1 5 −1
6 6 3 3 1 3 1 0 −1 2 1 2 3
= ∴𝑃+𝑄 = 3 5 4 + 1 0 2 = 4 5 6
6 −2 3 −1
3 3 1 4 3 −2 −2 0 −1 2 3
And 𝑃 | = = 𝑃, so P is symmetric matrix
3 −1
𝟏 3 5 3 1
2. Differentiation:
Now, let, 𝑄 = 𝐴 − 𝐴| = − =
𝟐 1 −1 5 −1 1. If x = at2 and y = 2at, find dy
0 4 0 2 dx
=
−4 0 −2 0 Soln: 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡
0 −2
And 𝑄| = = −𝑄 , So Q is skew -symmetric matrix Differentiating with respect to 𝑡
2 0
3 3 0 2 3 5 = 2𝑎𝑡 & = 2𝑎
∴𝑃+𝑄 = + =
3 −1 −2 0 1 −1
6 −2 2 = = =
7. Express the matrix 𝐴 = −2 3 −1 as the sum of
If y  tan1 1  x  1, prove that dy 
2 −1 3 2
1
symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. 2.
6 −2 2 6 −2 2  x  dx 2(1 x2 )
 
Soln: 𝐴 = −2 3 −1 and 𝐴| = −2 3 −1 √
2 −1 3 2 −1 3 Soln: 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
6 −2 2
𝟏 Put 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 ⇒ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏𝒙 = 𝜽
Let, 𝑃 = 𝐴 + 𝐴 = |
−2 3 −1 +
𝟐 √
2 −1 3 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
6 −2 2 12 −4 4 6 −2 2 √
−2 3 −1 = −4 6 −2 = −2 3 −1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 −1 3 4 −2 6 2 −1 3
6 −2 2 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
And 𝑃 | = −2 3 −1 = 𝑃, so P is symmetric matrix
2 −1 3 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
6 −2 2
𝟏
Now, let, 𝑄 = 𝟐 𝐴 − 𝐴| = −2 3 −1 −
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 −1 3
6 −2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
−2 3 −1 = 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 −1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
And 𝑄| = 0 0 0 = −𝑄 , So Q is skew -symmetric matrix
0 0 0 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Differentiating with respect to x
= ( )

6. Find the two numbers x & y such that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60 and 𝑥𝑦 is

3. If x = a( + sin) and y = a(1 - cos) prove that dy  tan  θ 
dx maximum.
2
4. If y  tan 1  3x  x
3
 1 1 dy :Five Mark Questions:
 1  3x 2 , x find .
  3 3 dx I. Relations and Functions:
1. Consider the function 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 given by
If y  sin  2 
x 1
5. dy
 1  4 x  find dx .
1
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑, show that 𝒇 is invertible and find the
  inverse of 𝒇.
6. Find the equation of tangent to the curve given by x = a sin3 Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3
π One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅(domain)
t, y = b cos3 t at a point where t Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 )
2 4𝑥 + 3 = 4𝑥 + 3
7. Verify mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x 2 – 4x – 3
4𝑥 = 4𝑥
in the interval [1, 4].
𝑥 =𝑥
8. If y  tan 1  sinx 
 ten prove that
dy 1

Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one
 Onto: ∀ y ∈ R(co-domain), ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑅(domain)
 1  cos x  dx 2
Such that, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
9. Differentiate x sin x  (sin x)cos x w.r.t. x 4𝑥 + 3 = 𝑦
10. If x  a sin 1 t , y  a cos 1t , show that dy   y 4𝑥 = 𝑦 − 3
dx x 𝑥= ∈𝑅
11. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f(x) = x2 + 2x – 8, x  [- Therefore, 𝑓 is onto
4, 2] Hence, 𝑓 is bijective
12. If x  a sin 1t , y  a cos 1 t Show that dy   y . Thus, 𝑓 is invertible
dx x And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) =
dy 2. Consider the function 𝒇: 𝑹 → [𝟒, ∞) given by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 +
13. Find , if y = 12(1 – cos t), x = 10(t – sin t),  π  t  π .
dx 2 2 𝟒, show that 𝒇 is invertible with the inverse 𝒇 𝟏 given by
3. Applications of derivatives: 𝒇 𝟏 (𝒚) = 𝒚 − 𝟒, where 𝑹 is the set of all non-negative
1. Using differentials approximate √36.6 real numbers.
Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4
Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 , 𝑥 = 36 & ∆𝑥 = 0.6
One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑓 | (𝑥) = Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 )
√
𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 |(𝑥)∆𝑥 𝑥 +4 = 𝑥 +4
√36.6 = √𝑥 + ∆𝑥 𝑥 =𝑥
√
𝑥 =𝑥
√36.6 = √36 + (0.6) Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one
√
√36.6 = 6 + 𝑋(0.6) Onto: ∀ y ∈ [4, ∞) , ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
√36.6 = 6 + 0.05 = 6.05
2. Find the intervals in which the following function f given by 𝑥 +4=𝑦
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 36𝑥 + 7 is i) strictly decreasing ii) 𝑥 =𝑦−4
strictly increasing 𝑥 = 𝑦−4 ∈ 𝑅
Soln: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 36𝑥 + 7 Therefore, 𝑓 is onto
𝑓 | (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 36 Hence, 𝑓 is bijective
𝑓 | (𝑥) = 6(𝑥 − 𝑥 − 6) Thus, 𝑓 is invertible
𝑓 | (𝑥) = 6(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : [4, ∞) → 𝑅 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) =
Intervals 𝑓 | (𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦−4
= 6(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) 3. Consider the function 𝒇: 𝑹 → [−𝟓, ∞) given by 𝒇(𝒙) =
+𝑣𝑒 Increasing 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟓, show that 𝒇 is invertible with 𝒇 𝟏 (𝒚) =
(−∞, −2) 𝒚 𝟔 𝟏
−𝑣𝑒 Decreasing 𝟑
(−2,3) Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 5 = (3𝑥 + 1) − 6
+𝑣𝑒 Increasing One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
(3, ∞) Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 )
(3𝑥 + 1) − 6 = (3𝑥 + 1) − 6
𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in (−∞, −2) & (3, ∞) (3𝑥 + 1) = (3𝑥 + 1)
And 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing in (−2,3) 3𝑥 + 1 = 3𝑥 + 1
3. Find the two numbers whose sum is 24 and whose product is 3𝑥 = 3𝑥
as large as possible. 𝑥 =𝑥
4. Find the point at which the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one
Onto: ∀ y ∈ [−5, ∞) , ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
√4𝑥 − 3 − 1 has its slope
5. Find the two numbers whose sum is 24 and sum of whose
(3𝑥 + 1) − 6 = 𝑦
squares is minimum. (3𝑥 + 1) = 𝑦 + 6

3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 + 6 Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one
3𝑥 = 𝑦 + 6 − 1 Onto: ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 , ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐴
𝑥= ∈𝑅 =𝑦
Therefore, 𝑓 is onto 4𝑥 + 3 = 𝑦(6𝑥 − 4)
Hence, 𝑓 is bijective 4𝑥 + 3 = 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑦
Thus, 𝑓 is invertible 4𝑥 − 6𝑥𝑦 = −4𝑦 − 3
And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : [−5, ∞) → 𝑅 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑥(4 − 6𝑦) = −(4𝑦 + 3)
𝑥= ∈𝐴
4. Let, 𝒇: 𝑵 → 𝑹 be a function defined as 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + Therefore, 𝑓 is onto
𝟏𝟓, show that 𝒇: 𝑵 → 𝑺 is invertible and find the inverse of Hence, 𝑓 is bijective
𝒇(where, S is the range of 𝒇) Thus, 𝑓 is invertible
Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 12𝑥 + 15 = (2𝑥 + 3) + 6 And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : 𝐵 → 𝐴 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) = or
One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁
Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝑓 (𝑥) = = 𝑓(𝑥)
(2𝑥 + 3) + 6 = (2𝑥 + 3) + 6 ∴𝑓=𝑓
(2𝑥 + 3) = (2𝑥 + 3)
2𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 + 3
II. Matrices:
2𝑥 = 2𝑥 1. If 𝑨 = 𝟏 𝟐 , 𝑩 = 𝟐 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 = 𝟏 𝟏 ,
𝑥 =𝑥 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
calculate 𝑨𝑩, 𝑨𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨(𝑩 + 𝑪). Verify that
Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one 𝑨(𝑩 + 𝑪) = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑨𝑪
Onto: ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑆 , ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 1 2 2 0 1 1
Such that, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 Soln: Given, 𝐴 = ,𝐵 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 =
2 1 1 3 2 3
(2𝑥 + 3) + 6 = 𝑦 1 2 2 0 2+2 0+6 4 6
𝐴𝐵 = = =
(2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑦 − 6 2 1 1 3 4+1 0+3 5 3
2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑦 − 6
1 2 1 1 1+4 1+6 5 7
2𝑥 = 𝑦 − 6 − 3 𝐴𝐶 = = =
2 1 2 3 2+2 2+3 4 5
4 6 5 7 9 13
𝑥= ∈𝑁 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 = + = ….(1)
5 3 4 5 9 8
Therefore, 𝑓 is onto 𝐵+𝐶 =
2 0
+
1 1 3 1
=
Hence, 𝑓 is bijective 1 3 2 3 3 6
1 2 3 1 3 + 6 1 + 12 9 13
Thus, 𝑓 is invertible 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = = =
2 1 3 6 6+3 2+6 9 8
And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : 𝑆 → 𝑁 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) = ….(2)
5. Prove that the function 𝒇: 𝑵 → 𝒀 be a function defined as From (1) and (2), 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶
𝟎 𝟔 𝟕 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , where
2. If 𝑨 = −𝟔 𝟎 𝟖 , 𝑩 = 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 =
𝒀 = {𝒚: 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙 ∈ 𝑵} is invertible and find the inverse of 𝒇
𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝟐
One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 −𝟐 , calculate 𝑨𝑪, 𝑩𝑪 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪 . Verify that
Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) 𝟑
𝑥 =𝑥 (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪
𝑥 =𝑥 0 6 7 0 1 1
Therefore, 𝑓 is one-one Soln: Given, 𝐴 = −6 0 8 , 𝐵 = 1 0 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
Onto: ∀𝑦 ∈ 𝑌 , ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 7 −8 0 1 2 0
2
Such that, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 𝐶 = −2
𝑥 =𝑦 3
𝑥= 𝑦∈𝑁 0 6 7 2 0 − 12 + 21 9
Therefore, 𝑓 is onto 𝐴𝐶 = −6 0 8 −2 = −12 + 0 + 24 = 12
Hence, 𝑓 is bijective 7 −8 0 3 14 + 16 + 0 30
0 1 1 2 0−2+3 1
Thus, 𝑓 is invertible 𝐵𝐶 = 1 0 2 −2 = 2 + 0 + 6 = 8
And inverse of 𝑓 is, 𝑓 : 𝑌 → 𝑁 given by 𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑦 1 2 0 3 2−4+0 −2
𝟒𝒙 𝟑 𝟐 9 1 10
6. If 𝒇: 𝑨 → 𝑩 is defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙 𝟒, where 𝑨 = 𝑹 − ,
𝟑 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶 = 12 + 8 = 20 ….(1)
show that 𝒇 is invertible and prove that 𝒇 = 𝒇 𝟏
30 −2 28
Soln: Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 6 7 0 1 1 0 7 8
𝐴 + 𝐵 = −6 0 8 + 1 0 2 = −5 0 10
One-one: ∀𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 7 −8 0 1 2 0 8 −6 0
Let, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑥 ) 0 7 8 2 0 − 14 + 24
= (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = −5 0 10 −2 = −10 + 0 + 30 =
8 −6 0 3 16 + 12 + 0
(4𝑥 + 3)(6𝑥 − 4) = (4𝑥 + 3)(6𝑥 − 4) 10
24𝑥 𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 18𝑥 − 12 = 24𝑥 𝑥 + 18𝑥 − 16𝑥 − 12 20 ….(2)
−34𝑥 = −34𝑥 28
𝑥 =𝑥 From (1) and (2), (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶

−𝟐 2 3 4 2 0 −3
3. If 𝑨 = 𝟒 , 𝑩 = [𝟏 𝟑 −𝟔] then verify that 5. If 𝐴 = 0 −2 1 , 𝐵 = 4 0 −1 & 𝐶 =
𝟓 3 −1 2 3 4 5
(𝑨𝑩)| = 𝑩| 𝑨| 5 6 1
−2 −1 2 3 . Prove that A(BC) = (AB)C
Soln: Given, 𝐴 = 4 , 𝐵 = [1 3 −6] 4 −1 2
5 1 2 3 2 3 4
1 6. If 𝐴 = −4 5 6 , 𝐵 = 5 −3 0 & 𝐶 =
𝐴| = [−2 4 5] and 𝐵| = 3 7 8 0 4 5 −3
−6 2 3 −1
−2 −2 −6 12 4 5 6 . Prove that A(B + C) = AB + AC
𝐴𝐵 = 4 [1 3 −6] = 4 12 −24 −1 2 3
5 5 15 −30 1 1 1  1 3
7. 1 2 3  4
A  2 0 3 , B   0 2 and C  
If

−2 4 5
3 1 2  1 4 2 0  2 1 
(𝐴𝐵)| = −6 12 15 ….(1)
12 −24 −30 . Show that A(BC) = (AB)C
1 −2 4 5 1 2 −3 3 −1 2
𝐵| 𝐴| = 3 [−2 4 5] = −6 12 15 ….(2) 8. If 𝐴 = 5 0 2 , 𝐵 = 4 2 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 =
−6 12 −24 −30
1 −1 1 2 0 3
From (1) and (2) we have, (𝑨𝑩)| = 𝑩|𝑨| 4 1 2
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 0 3 2 , then compute (𝐴 + 𝐵) & (𝐵 − 𝐶). Also
4. If 𝑨 = 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟎 then A3 – 3A2 – 10A + 24I = O, 1 −2 3
𝟎 𝟎 𝟒 verify that 𝐴 + (𝐵 − 𝐶) = ( 𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝐶
where, I is identity matrix of order 3 x 3
2 0 1 III. Determinants:
Soln: Given, 𝐴 = 0 −3 0 1. Solve the system of linear equations, 2x + 3y + 3z =
0 0 4 5, x − 2y + z = −4 & 3x − y − 2z = 3
2 0 1 2 0 1
𝐴 = 0 −3 0 0 −3 0 = Soln: Given the system of linear equations,
0 0 4 0 0 4 2x + 3y + 3z = 5, x − 2y + z = −4 & 3x − y − 2z = 3
4+0+0 0+0+0 2+0+4 4 0 6 2 3 3 5 𝑥
0+0+0 0+9+0 0+0+0 = 0 9 0 Let, 𝐴 = 1 −2 1 , 𝐵 = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦
0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 16 0 0 16 3 −1 −2 3 𝑧
4 0 6 2 0 1 2 3 3
𝐴 = 𝐴 . 𝐴 = 0 9 0 0 −3 0 = |𝐴| = 1 −2 1 = 2(4 + 1) − 3(−2 − 3) +
0 0 16 0 0 4 3 −1 −2
8 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 4 + 0 + 24 3(−1 + 6) = 10 + 15 + 15 = 40 ≠ 0
0 + 0 + 0 0 − 27 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 For 𝐴 ,
0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 64 −2 1 1 −2
8 0 28
𝐴 = 0 −27 0 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = −1 −2 3 −1
3 3 2 3
0 0 64 −2 1 1 −2
Now, consider 𝐴 − 3𝐴 − 10𝐴+24I 4 + 1 −3 + 6 3 + 6
8 0 28 4 0 6 = 3 + 2 −4 − 9 3 − 2
= 0 −27 0 − 3 0 9 0 − −1 + 6 9 + 2 −4 − 3
0 0 64 0 0 16 5 3 9
2 0 1 1 0 0 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 5 −13 1
10 0 −3 0 + 24 0 1 0 5 11 −7
0 0 4 0 0 1 Now,
8 0 28 12 0 18
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
= 0 −27 0 − 0 27 0 −
0 0 64 0 0 48 5 3 9
20 0 10 24 0 0 = 5 −13 1
0 −30 0 + 0 24 0 5 11 −7
0 0 40 0 0 24 𝑋=𝐴 𝐵
= 𝑥 5 3 9 5
8 − 12 − 20 + 24 0+0+0+0 28 − 18 − 10 + 0 𝑦 = 5 −13 1 −4
0 −27 − 27 + 30 + 24 0 𝑧 5 11 −7 3
0 0 64 − 48 − 40 + 24 𝑥 25 − 12 + 27
= 𝑦 = 25 + 52 + 3
8 − 12 − 20 + 24 0+0+0+0 28 − 18 − 10 + 0 𝑧 25 − 44 − 21
0 −27 − 27 + 30 + 24 0 𝑥 40
0 0 64 − 48 − 40 + 24 𝑦 = 80
0 0 0 𝑧 −40
= 0 0 0 =𝐎 𝑥 1
0 0 0 𝑦 = 2
∴ A3 – 3A2 – 10A + 24I = O 𝑧 −1
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −1
2. Solve the system of linear equations, x − y + 2z =
7, 3x + 4y − 5z = −5 & 2x − y + 3z = 12

Soln: Given the system of linear equations, 𝑥 7 −3 2 6

x − y + 2z = 7, 3x + 4y − 5z = −5 & 2x − y + 3z = 𝑦 = 3 0 −3 11
12 𝑧 −1 3 1 0
1 −1 2 7 𝑥 𝑥 42 − 33 + 0
Let, 𝐴 = 3 4 −5 , 𝐵 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦 𝑦 = 18 + 0 + 0
2 −1 3 12 𝑧 𝑧 −6 + 33 + 0
1 −1 2 𝑥 9
|𝐴| = 3 4 −5 = 1(12 − 5) + 1(9 + 10) + 𝑦 = 18
2 −1 3 𝑧 27
𝑥 1
2(−3 − 8) = 7 + 19 − 22 = 4 ≠ 0
𝑦 = 2
For 𝐴 ,
𝑧 3
4 −5 3 4 ∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3
−1 3 2 −1
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
−1 2 1 −1 4. Solve the system of linear equations, 2x + y + z =
4 −5 3 4 1, x − 2y − z = & 3y − 5z = 9
12 − 5 −2 + 3 5 − 8 Soln: Given the system of linear equations,
= −10 − 9 3 − 4 6 + 5
2x + y + z = 1, x − 2y − z = (or 2x − 4y − 2z =
−3 − 8 −2 + 1 4 + 3
7 1 −3 3) & 3y − 5z = 9
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = −19 −1 11 2 1 1 1 𝑥
−11 −1 7 Let, 𝐴 = 2 −4 −2 , 𝐵 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦
Now, 0 3 −5 9 𝑧
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 2 1 1
|𝐴| = 2 −4 −2 = 2(20 + 6) − 1(−10 − 0) +
7 1 −3 0 3 −5
= −19 −1 11 1(6 − 0) = 52 + 10 + 6 = 68 ≠ 0
−11 −1 7 For 𝐴 ,
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵 −4 −2 2 −4
𝑥 7 1 −3 7
3 −5 0 3
𝑦 = −19 −1 11 −5 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
1 1 2 1
𝑧 −11 −1 7 12
𝑥 49 − 5 − 36 −4 −2 2 −4
𝑦 = −133 + 5 + 132 20 + 6 0 + 10 6−0
𝑧 −77 + 5 + 84 = 3 + 5 −10 − 0 0 − 6
𝑥 8 −2 + 4 2+4 −8 − 2
𝑦 = 4 26 8 2
𝑧 12 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 10 −10 6
𝑥 2 6 −6 −10
𝑦 = 1 Now,
𝑧 3 𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
∴ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3
26 8 2
3. Solve the system of linear equations, x + y + z = 6, y + = 10 −10 6
3z = 11 & x − 2y + z = 0 6 −6 −10
Soln: Given the system of linear equations, 𝑋=𝐴 𝐵
x + y + z = 6, y + 3z = 11 & x − 2y + z = 0 𝑥 26 8 2 1
1 1 1 6 𝑥 𝑦 = 10 −10 6 3
Let, 𝐴 = 0 1 3 , 𝐵 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦 𝑧 6 −6 −10 9
1 −2 1 0 𝑧 𝑥 26 + 24 + 18
1 1 1 𝑦 = 10 − 30 + 54
|𝐴| = 0 1 3 = 1(1 + 6) − 1(0 − 3) + 𝑧 6 − 18 − 90
1 −2 1 𝑥 68
1(0 − 1) = 7 + 3 − 1 = 9 ≠ 0 𝑦 = 34
For 𝐴 , 𝑧 −102
1 3 0 1 1
𝑥
−2 1 1 −2 𝑦 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
1 1 1 1 𝑧 −
1 3 0 1
1 + 6 −2 − 1 3 − 1 ∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −
= 3−0 1−1 0−3 2 −3 5
0−1 1+2 1−0 5. If 𝐴 = 3 2 −4 then find 𝐴 . Using 𝐴 solve the
7 −3 2
1 1 −2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 3 0 −3 system of linear equations,
−1 3 1 2x − 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y − 4z = −5 & x + y − 2z
Now,
= −3
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 2 −3 5
7 −3 2 Soln: Given, 𝐴 = 3 2 −4
= 3 0 −3 1 1 −2
−1 3 1
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵

2 −3 5 𝑥 −1 −5 −1 8
|𝐴| = 3 2 −4 = 2(−4 + 4) + 3(−6 + 4) + 𝑦 = −8 −6 9 1
1 1 −2 𝑧 −10 1 7 4
5(3 − 2) = 0 − 6 + 5 = −1 ≠ 0 𝑥 −8 − 5 − 4
For 𝐴 , 𝑦 = −64 − 6 + 36
2 −4 3 2 𝑧 −80 + 1 + 28
1 −2 1 1 𝑥 −17
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝑦 = −34
−3 5 2 −3
2 −4 3 2 𝑧 −51
𝑥 1
−4 + 4 −4 + 6 3 − 2 𝑦 = 2
= 5−6 −4 − 5 −3 − 2 𝑧 3
12 − 10 15 + 8 4+9 ∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3
0 −1 2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 2 −9 23 7. The cost of 4 kg Onion, 3kg Wheat and 2kg Rice is Rs 60.
1 −5 13 The cost of 2kg Onion, 4kg Wheat and 6kg Rice is Rs90.
Now, The cost of 6kg onion, 2kg Wheat and 3kg Rice is Rs 70.
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 Find the cost of each item per kg by matrix method
0 −1 2 Soln: Let, the cost of 1 kg of onion is x, cost of 1 kg of
𝐴 = 2 −9 23 wheat is y and cost of 1 kg of rice is z
1 −5 13 Hence, the system of linear equations is,
And the given system of equations is, 2x − 3y + 5z = 4x + 3y + 2z = 60, 2x + 4y + 6z = 90 & 6x + 2y +
11, 3x + 2y − 4z = −5 & x + y − 2z = −3 3z = 70
2 −3 5 11 𝑥 4 3 2 60 𝑥
Here, 𝐴 = 3 2 −4 , 𝐵 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦 Let, 𝐴 = 2 4 6 , 𝐵 = 90 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦
1 1 −2 −3 𝑧 6 2 3 70 𝑧
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵 4 3 2
𝑥 0 −1 2 11 |𝐴| = 2 4 6 = 4(12 − 12) − 3(6 − 36) +
𝑦 = 2 −9 23 −5 6 2 3
𝑧 1 −5 13 −3 2(4 − 24) = 0 + 90 − 40 = 50 ≠ 0
𝑥 0+5−6 For 𝐴 ,
𝑦 = −1 22 + 45 − 69 4 6 2 4
𝑧 11 + 25 − 39 2 3 6 2
𝑥 −1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
3 2 4 3
𝑦 = −1 −2 4 6 2 4
𝑧 −3 12 − 12 36 − 6 4 − 24
𝑥 1 = 4−9 12 − 12 18 − 8
𝑦 = 2
18 − 8 4 − 24 16 − 6
𝑧 3 0 −5 10
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 30 0 −20
6. Solve the system of linear equations, 3x − 2y + 3z = −20 10 10
8, 2x + y − z = 1 & 4x − 3y + 2z = 4 Now,
Soln: Given the system of linear equations, 𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
3x − 2y + 3z = 8, 2x + y − z = 1 & 4x − 3y + 2z = 4 0 −5 10
3 −2 3 8 𝑥
= 30 0 −20
Let, 𝐴 = 2 1 −1 , 𝐵 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦
−20 10 10
4 −3 2 4 𝑧 𝑋=𝐴 𝐵
3 −2 3 𝑥 0 −5 10 60
|𝐴| = 2 1 −1 = 3(2 − 3) + 2(4 + 4) +
𝑦 = 30 0 −20 90
4 −3 2 𝑧
3(−6 − 4) = −3 + 16 − 30 = −17 ≠ 0 −20 10 10 70
𝑥 0 − 450 + 700
For 𝐴 , 𝑦 = 1800 + 0 − 1400
1 −1 2 1 𝑧 −1200 + 900 + 700
−3 2 4 −3 𝑥 250
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
−2 3 3 −2 𝑦 = 400
1 −1 2 1 𝑧 400
2 − 3 −4 − 4 −6 − 4 𝑥 5
= −9 + 4 6 − 12 −8 + 9 𝑦 = 8
2−3 6+3 3+4 𝑧 8
−1 −5 −1 ∴ 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 8
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = −8 −6 9 8. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third
−10 1 7 number by 3 and add second number to it, we get 11. By
Now,
adding first and third numbers, we get double of the
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 second number. Represent it algebraically and find the
−1 −5 −1 numbers using matrix method.
= −8 −6 9 Soln: Let, the three numbers be x, y & z
−10 1 7 Hence, the algebraic representation of system of linear
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵 equations is,
x + y + z = 6, y + 3z = 11 & x − 2y + z = 0

1 1 1 6 𝑥 = 12𝑒 + 18𝑒 − 12𝑒 − 18𝑒

Let, 𝐴 = 0 1 3 , 𝐵 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 𝑦 =0
1 −2 1 0 𝑧
1 1 1 ∴ − 5 + 6𝑦 = 0
|𝐴| = 0 1 3 = 1(1 + 6) − 1(0 − 3) + 3. If 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) then prove that 𝑥 𝑦 +
1 −2 1 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0
1(0 − 1) = 7 + 3 − 1 = 9 ≠ 0 Soln: Given, 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
For 𝐴 , Differentiating with respect to x, we get
1 3 0 1
𝑦 = −3 sin(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥). + 4 cos(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) .
−2 1 1 −2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = Multiplying by 𝑥 we get,
1 1 1 1
1 3 0 1 𝑥𝑦 = −3 sin(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 4 cos(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
1+6 3−0 0−1 Again differentiating with respect to x, we get
= −2 − 1 1 − 1 1 + 2 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = −3𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥). − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥).
3−1 0−3 1−0 Multiplying by 𝑥 we get,
7 3 −1 7 −3 2
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = −3 0 = 3 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = −[3𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)]
3 0 −3
𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = −𝑦
2 −3 1 −1 3 1
Now, ∴ 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0
4. If 𝑦 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) then prove that (1 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦 +
𝐴 = | | 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
2𝑥(1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 = 2
7 −3 2 Soln: Given, 𝑦 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)
= 3 0 −3 Differentiating with respect to x, we get
−1 3 1
𝑋=𝐴 𝐵 𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥.
𝑥 7 −3 2 6 Multiplying by (1 + 𝑥 ) we get,
𝑦 = 3 0 −3 11 (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑧 −1 3 1 0 Again differentiating with respect to x we get,
𝑥 42 − 33 + 0
𝑦 = 18 + 0 − 0 (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 + 𝑦 (2𝑥) =
𝑧 −6 + 33 + 0 Multiplying by (1 + 𝑥 ) we get,
𝑥 9 (1 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦 + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 (2𝑥) = 2
𝑦 = 18
∴ (1 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦 + 2𝑥(1 + 𝑥 )𝑦 = 2
𝑧 27
𝑥 1 5. If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 then prove that (1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 2 Soln: Given, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑧 3 Differentiating with respect to x, we get
∴ 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 3 𝑦 =
IV.
√
Differentiation: Multiplying by √1 − 𝑥 we get,
1. If 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 then Prove that − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + √1 − 𝑥 𝑦 = 1
Again differentiating with respect to x we get,
𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 0 ( )
Soln: Given, 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 √1 − 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 =0
√
Differentiating with respect to x, we get Multiplying by √1 − 𝑥 we get,
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑚𝑒 + 𝐵𝑛𝑒 (1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 𝑦 (𝑥) = 0
Again differentiating with respect to x, we get ∴ (1 − 𝑥 )𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝐴𝑚 𝑒 + 𝐵𝑛 𝑒
Now, consider − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + 𝑚𝑛𝑦
V. Applications of Derivatives:
1. The length 𝑥 of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of
= 𝐴𝑚 𝑒 + 𝐵𝑛 𝑒 − (𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝐴𝑚𝑒 + 3𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 and the width 𝑦 is increasing at the rate of
𝐵𝑛𝑒 ) + 𝑚𝑛(𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 )
2𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛. When 𝑥 = 10𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6𝑐𝑚. Find the rates
= 𝐴𝑚 𝑒 + 𝐵𝑛 𝑒 − 𝐴𝑚 𝑒 − 𝐴𝑚𝑛𝑒 −
of change of (i) the perimeter and (ii) the area of the
𝐵𝑚𝑛𝑒 − 𝐵𝑛 𝑒 + 𝐴𝑚𝑛𝑒 + 𝐵𝑚𝑛𝑒
triangle.
=0
Soln: Given, = −3𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 , = 2𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛, 𝑥 =
∴ − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + 𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 0
10𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 6𝑐𝑚
2. If 𝑦 = 3𝑒 + 2𝑒 then Prove that − 5 + 6𝑦 = 0 i) Perimeter of rectangle, 𝑃 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
Soln: Given, 𝑦 = 3𝑒 + 2𝑒 Differentiating with respect to 𝑡, we get
Differentiating with respect to x, we get =2 +
𝑦 = 6𝑒 + 6𝑒
Again differentiating with respect to x, we get = 2(−3 + 2) = −2𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑦 = 12𝑒 + 18𝑒 ii) Area of rectangle, 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦
Differentiating with respect to 𝑡, we get
Now, consider − 5 + 6𝑦
=𝑥 +𝑦
= 12𝑒 + 18𝑒 − 5(6𝑒 + 6𝑒 ) +
6(3𝑒 + 2𝑒 ) = (10)(2) + (6)(−3) = 20 − 18 = 2𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 12𝑒 + 18𝑒 − 30𝑒 − 30𝑒 + 18𝑒 +
12𝑒

2. A particle moves along the curve 6𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2. Find the Hence, the height on the wall is decreasing at the rate of
points on the curve at which 𝑦-coordinate is changing 8 cm/sec
times the x-coordinate 5. The radius of a circle is increasing at a rate of 0.7 cm/sec.
Soln: Given, = 8 What is the rate of increase of its circumference and also
The given curve equation is, 6𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 ….(1) the rate of increase of its area where r =10cms?
Differentiating with respect to x we get, Soln: Given, = 0.7 cm/sec, =? , =? 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 =
6 = 3𝑥 10𝑐𝑚𝑠
6 8 = 3𝑥 The circumference of circle is,
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
48 = 3𝑥
= 2𝜋
𝑥 =
⇒ 𝑥 = 16 = 2𝜋(0.7 ) = 1.4𝜋cm/sec
⇒ 𝑥 = ±4 And area of circle is,
Now put 𝑥 = 4 in (1), we get 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟
6𝑦 = 4 + 2 = 2𝜋𝑟
⇒ 6𝑦 = 64
= 2𝜋(10)(0.7 ) = 14𝜋cm /sec
⇒𝑦=
6. A man of height 2 meters walks at a uniform speed of 5
Now put 𝑥 = −4 in (1), we get
km/hr away from a lamp post which is 6 meters high. Find
6𝑦 = (−4) + 2 = −62
the rate at which the length of his shadow increases.
⇒ 6𝑦 = −62
⇒𝑦=− Soln: Given, 𝐵𝑀 = 𝑦(𝑠𝑎𝑦), = 5𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, AB =
6m, MN = 2m (man height)
∴ the points on the curve are, 4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 −4, −
3. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12𝑐𝑚 /𝑠𝑒𝑐.
The falling sand forms a cone on the ground such a way
that the height is always one-sixth of the radius of the
base. How fast is the height of the sand cone is increasing
when the height is 4𝑐𝑚𝑠.
Soln: Given, = 12𝑐𝑚 /𝑠𝑒𝑐, ℎ = 𝑟, ℎ = 4𝑐𝑚𝑠 and
=? ∆𝑀𝑁𝐶 ~ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
Volume of cone, 𝑣 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ =
𝑣 = 𝜋(6ℎ) ℎ, [∵ 6ℎ = 𝑟 (𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛)] =
𝑣 = 12𝜋ℎ 𝑦 = 2𝑥
Differentiate it with respect to time t Differentiating with respect to t, we get
= 36𝜋ℎ =2
12 = 36𝜋(4) 5=2
= = 𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 ⇒ = 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
4. A ladder 5m long is leaning against the wall. The bottom
of the latter is pulled along the ground, away from the :Six Mark Questions:
wall at the rate of 2cm/sec. How fast is its height on the
wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4m away
I. LPP:
1. Minimize and maximize: 𝑧 = 3𝑥 + 9𝑦
from the wall?
Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 60, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 10, 𝑥 ≤
Soln: Given, 𝑙 = 5𝑚, = 2cm/sec, =? 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4𝑚 𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
Soln: The corresponding equations are,
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 60 ....(1)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 ….(2)
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 ….(3)
From equation (1),
By Pythagoras them, X 0 60
𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑙
y 20 0
𝑦 = 𝑙 − 𝑥 = 25 − 16 = 9
And differentiating it with respect to t, we get The points on (1) are, (0,20) &(60,0)
2𝑦 = 0 − 2𝑥 From equation (2),

X 0 10
=−
= − (2) = − cm/sec y 10 0
The points on (2) are, (0,10) &(10,0)

From equation (3),

X 0 10
y 0 10
The points on (3) are, (0,0) &(10,10)
Here, OABC is feasible region with corner points

𝑂(0,0), 𝐴(30,0), 𝐶(0,50) and for 𝐵 solving (1) & (2) we
get, 𝐵(20,30)
Corner Points Z = 4x+y
𝑂(0,0) 𝑍=0
Here, ABCD is feasible region with corner points
𝐴(0,10), 𝐵(0,20) and for 𝐶 solving (1) & (3) we get, 𝐴(30,0) 𝑍 = 120
𝐶(15,15) and for 𝐷 solving (2) & (3) we get, 𝐷(5,5)
𝐶(20,30) 𝑍 = 110
Corner Points Z = 3x+9y
𝐷(0,50) 𝑍=0
𝐴(0,10) 𝑍 = 90 Hence, the maximum value is 120 𝑎𝑡 (30,0)
3. Maximize: 𝑧 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦
𝐵(0,20) 𝑍 = 180 Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤
15, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝐶(15,15) 𝑍 = 180 Soln: The corresponding equations are,
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 ....(1)
𝐷(5,5) 𝑍 = 60 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15 ….(2)
Hence, the minimum value is 60 𝑎𝑡 (5,5) and the From equation (1),
maximum value is 180 𝑎𝑡 (0,20) & (15,15) X 0 10
2. Maximize: 𝑧 = 4𝑥 + 𝑦
Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 50, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 90, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ y 5 0
0
Soln: The corresponding equations are, The points on (1) are, (0,5) &(10,0)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50 ....(1)
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 90 ….(2) From equation (2),
From equation (1),
X 0 5
X 0 50
y 15 0
y 50 0
The points on (1) are, (0,50) &(50,0) The points on (2) are, (0,90) &(30,0)
From equation (2),
X 0 30
y 90 0
The points on (2) are, (0,15) &(5,0)

Here, OABC is feasible region with corner points Here, ABCD is feasible region with corner points
𝑂(0,0), 𝐴(5,0), 𝐶(0,5) and for 𝐵 solving (1) & (2) we get, 𝐴(60,0), 𝐵(120,0) and for 𝐶 solving (1) & (3) we get,
𝐵(4,3) 𝐶(60,30) and for 𝐷 solving (2) & (3) we get, 𝐷(40,20)
Corner Points Z = 3x+2y Corner Points Z = 5x+10y
𝑂(0,0) 𝑍=0 𝐴(60,0) 𝑍 = 300
𝐴(5,0) 𝑍 = 15 𝐵(120,0) 𝑍 = 600
𝐵(4,3) 𝑍 = 18 𝐶(60,30) 𝑍 = 600
𝐶(0,5) 𝑍 = 10 𝐷(40,20) 𝑍 = 400

Hence, the maximum value is 18 𝑎𝑡 (4,3) Hence, the maximum value is 600 𝑎𝑡 (120,0) & (60,30)
4. Maximize: 𝑧 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦
Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 120, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 60, 𝑥 − 5. Maximize: 𝑧 = 10500𝑥 + 9000𝑦
2𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 50, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 80, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥
Soln: The corresponding equations are, 0
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 120 ....(1) Soln: The corresponding equations are,
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60….(2) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50 ....(1)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 ….(3) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 80….(2)
From equation (1), From equation (1),
X 0 120 X 0 50
y 60 0 y 50 0
From equation (2), From equation (2),
X 0 60 X 0 40
y 60 0 y 80 0
From equation (3),

X 0 60
y 0 30
The points on (3) are, (0,0) &(60,30)


𝑂(0,0), 𝐴(40,0), 𝐶(0,50) and for 𝐵 solving (1) & (2) we
get, 𝐵(30,20)
Corner Points 𝑍 = 10500𝑥 + 9000𝑦 𝐴(0,50), 𝐷(0,200)
Now, for the point 𝐵 solving (1) & (2) we get, 𝐵(20,40)
and for 𝐶 solving (2) & (3) we get, 𝐶(50,100)
𝑂(0,0) 𝑍=0
Corner Points 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
𝐴(40,0) 𝑍 = 420000
𝐵(30,20) 𝐴(0,50) 𝑍 = 100

𝑍 = 495000
𝐶(0,50) 𝐵(20,40) 𝑍 = 100

𝑍 = 450000
Hence, the maximum value is 495000 𝑎𝑡 (30,20)
𝐶(50,100) 𝑍 = 250
6. Maximize and Minimize: 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
Subject to constraints, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 100, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0, 2𝑥 +
𝐷(0,200) 𝑍 = 400
𝑦 ≤ 200 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
Soln: The corresponding equations are, Hence, the maximum value is 400 𝑎𝑡 (0,200) & the
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100 ....(1) minimum value is 100 at (0,50) & (20,40)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0….(2)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200 ….(3)
:Four Mark Questions:
From equation (1), I. Continuity:
X 0 100  k cos π
1. Determine the value of k, if , if x 
 π  2x 2 is
y 50 0 f(x)  
3, π
 if x 
The points on (1) are, (0,50) &(100,0) 2
continuous at x  π
From equation (2),
2
X 0 50 Soln: Since, the function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous,
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
⟶
y 0 100
lim =𝑓
The points on (2) are, (0,0) &(50,100) ⟶
lim =3
⟶
From equation (3),
Here, put 𝑥 = − ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝐻𝑆
X 0 100
And as 𝑥 → , ℎ → 0
y 200 0
lim =3
The points on (3) are, (0,200) &(100,0) ⟶
lim =3
⟶
lim =3
⟶

=3 𝑎𝑠 lim =1 By adding we get,

⟶ 11𝑎 = 33 ⇒ 𝑎 = 3
𝑘=6
Put 𝑎 in (1) we get,
2. Find the relationship between a and b so that the 5(3) − 2𝑏 = 11
function f defined by 15 − 11 = 2𝑏
ax  1, if x  3 , is continuous at x = 3. 4 = 2𝑏
f(x)   𝑏=2
bx  3, if x  3
5. Find the value of K if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2
is
Soln: 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
𝑳𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥) continuous at x = 2.
⟶
Soln: 𝑳𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
= lim (𝑎𝑥 + 1) ⟶
⟶
= lim (𝑘𝑥 )
= 3𝑎 + 1 ⟶
𝑹𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑘
⟶
& 𝑹𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
= lim (𝑏𝑥 + 3) ⟶
⟶
= lim (4)
= 3𝑏 + 3 ⟶
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function =4
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function
3𝑎 + 1 = 3𝑏 + 3 𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿
3𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 2 4𝑘 = 4
𝑘=1
Kx  1 if x  5
3. Find the value of K if f(x)   is 6. Find the values of a and b such that the function defined
3x  5 if x  5 if x  2
5,
continuous at x = 5. by f(x)  ax  b, if2  x  10, is continuous.
Soln: 𝑳𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥) 
⟶
21 if x  10
= lim (𝑘𝑥 + 1)
⟶

= 5𝑘 + 1
& 𝑹𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
⟶
= lim (3𝑥 − 5)
II. Determinants:
⟶
= 3(5) − 5
= 10
1. Show that
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function 1 a 2  b2 2ab  2b
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿
2ab 1 a  b
2 2
2a  (1 a 2  b2 )3
5𝑘 + 1 = 10
5𝑘 = 9 2b  2a 1 a  b
2 2
𝑘=
1 a a2
3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1 2. Prove that 1 b b 2  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
4. If the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 11 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 is
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1 1 c c2
continuous at 𝑥 = 1. Find the values of 𝑎 & 𝑏
Soln: 𝑳𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥) 1 x x2
⟶
= lim (5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏)
3. Prove that x 2 1 x  (1  x 3 ) 2 .
⟶
= 5𝑎 − 2𝑏 x x2 1
𝑹𝑯𝑳 = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
⟶ 4. Prove that
= lim (3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
⟶ 1 a 1 1
= 3𝑎 + 𝑏
& 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(1) = 11 1 1 b 1  ab  bc  ca  abc
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is a continuous function 1 1 ac
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = 𝑅𝐻𝐿 = 𝑓(1)
5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 5. Show that
5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 11 … (1) & 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 … (2)
x  y  2z x y
Solving (1) & (2)
5𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 11 X1 z y  z  2x y  2(x  y  z)3
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 X2 z x z  x  2y

Mid-Term Examination
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1
II P.U.C Mathematics (35)
Time: 3 hours 15 minute Max. Marks: 100
Instructions:
1. The question paper has five parts namely A, B, C, D and E. Answer all the parts.
2. Use the graph sheet for question on linear programming in PART E.
PART – A
Answer ALL the questions 10 x 1 = 10
1. Give an example of a relation which is symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.
2. Write the domain of f(x) = sec-1 x
3. Construct a 2 x 3 matrix whose elements are given by aij = |i – j|
3 x 3 2
4. Find the values of x for which, 
x 1 4 1
2
5. Find the derivative of cos(x ) with respect to x.
6. Define scalar matrix.
dy
7. If y = tan(2x + 3) find .
dx
8. Define a bijective function.
9. Define optimal solution in linear programming problem.
10. Define an objective function.
PART – B
Answer any TEN questions: 10 x 2 = 20
11. Define binary operation. Verify whether the operation * defined on Z, by, a * b = ab + 1 is binary or not.
12. Find the simplest form of tan 1 3  sec 1 ( 2)
π  1 
13. Evaluate sin   sin 1   
3  2 
14. Find gof and fog if f(x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3.
15. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (3, 8), (-4, 2) and (5, 1) using determinants.
16. Find , if 𝑦 = 𝑥
17. Find the derivative of (3x2 – 7x + 3)5/2 with respect to x
dy
18. Find , if 2x + 3y = sin y
dx
19. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm with an error, 0.03 cm, then find the approximate error in
calculating its volume.
20. Find the equation of tangent to the curve, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 at x = 2
21. Find the equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and (3, 6) using the determinants.
dy 1  y2
22. If y = sin(loge x), prove that 
dx x
23. If each element of a row is expressed as sum of two elements then verify for a third order determinant
that the determinant can be expressed as sum of two determinants.
 1 
24. If sin sin 1  cos 1x   1, find x
 5 
PART – C
x2
25. Verify whether the function, f : A  B where A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}, defined by f(x)  is one-
x 3
one and onto or not. Give reason.
26. Show that the relation R in the set of all integers Z defined by

R = {(a, b): 2 divides a – b} is an equivalence relation.

 xy
27. Prove that tan 1x  tan 1 y  tan 1   when xy  1
 1  xy 
1 2
28. Express   as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.
3 4
 1  x2  1
29. If y  tan 1  , prove that dy  1
 x  dx 2(1  x 2 )
 
dy
30. If x = at2 and y = 2at, find
dx
31. If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , then find
32. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = 4x 3 – 6x2 – 72x + 30 is
i) strictly increasing ; ii) strictly decreasing
x 1 x 1 π
33. If tan 1  tan 1  find x.
x2 x2 4
dy θ
34. If x = a( + sin) and y = a(1 - cos) prove that  tan  
dx 2
 3x  x 3  1 1 dy
35. If y  tan 1  2 
, x find .
 1  3x  3 3 dx
36. In a bank, principal “P” increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year. Find the principal interest of
time t
37. Verify Rolle’s Theorem for the function y = x2 + 2, x  [-2, 2].
 x  2y 2   3 2
38. Find the value of x and y in     0 where O is null matrix
 4 x  y   4 1 
PART – D
Answer any SIX questions: 6 x 5 = 30
39. Prove that the function, f : N  Y defined by f(x) = x2, where Y = {y : y = x2, x  N} is invertible. Also write
the inverse of f(x).
40. Prove that the function, f : N  Y defined by f(x) = 4x + 3, where Y = {y : y = 4x + 3, x  N} is invertible or
not. Write the inverse of f(x) if exists.
1 2   2 0  1 1
41. If A    ,B  and C    , calculate AB, AC and A(B + C). Verify that AB + AC = A(B +
2 1   1 3  2 3
C)
 2
42. If A   4 , B  1 3  6, verify that (AB) = BA.
 
 5 
43. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:
x + y + z = 6, x – y – z = -4 and x + 2y – 2z = -1
44. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:
x + y + z = 6; y + 3z = 11 and x – 2y + z = 0
45. If y = 3cos (log x) + 4 sin(log x) show that x2y2 + xy1 + y = 0
46. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/minute and the width y is increasing at the
rate of 2 cm/minute. When x = 10 cm and y = 6 cm, find the rates of change of (i) the perimeter and (ii)
the area of the rectangle.
d2y dy
47. If y = (tan x) then show that (x  1) 2  2x(x  1)  2.
-1 2 2 2
dx dx

48. A man of height 2 meters walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/hour, away from a lamp post which is 6
meters high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases.
PART – E
Answer any ONE questions: 1 x 10 = 10
49. a) Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: 6
Maximize, Z= 3x + 2
Subjected to the constraints: x + 2y  10, 3x + y  15, x  0, y  0.
 k cos π
 π  2x , if x  2
b) Determine the value of k, if f(x)   4
3, π
 if x 
2
50. a) A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours on machine
B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on machine B to produce a
package of bolts. He earns a profit of Rs 17.50 per package on nuts and Rs 7.00 per package on bolts. How
many packages of each should be produced each day so as to maximize his profit, if he operates his
machines for 6
1 a a2
b) Prove that 1 b b 2  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a). 4
2
1 c c
Mid-Term Examination
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2
II P.U.C Mathematics (35)
Time: 3 hours 15 minute Max. Marks: 100
Instructions:
1. The question paper has five parts namely A, B, C, D and E. Answer all the parts.
2. Use the graph sheet for question on linear programming in PART E.
PART – A
Answer ALL the questions 10 x 1 = 10
1. The relation 𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,3)} 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 {1,2,3} is not symmetric. Why?
2. Write the set of values of x, for which 2tan-1𝑥 = Cos-1 holds.
3. If a matrix has 13 elements then what are the possible orders it can have?
4. If A is a matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 15 then find |𝐴 |
5. Find the derivative of log (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) with respect to x.
6. Define skew-symmetric matrix
7. If 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3) find
8. Define an equivalence relation.
9. Define feasible region in linear programming problem.
10.Define corner points in LPP.
PART – B
11. Verify whether the operation * defined on Q, by, a * b = is commutative and associative.
12. Prove that 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥√1 − 𝑥
13. Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 =
14. Prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑡 (−𝑥) = 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
15. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is one-one but not onto.

16. If the area of the triangle with vertices (−2,0), (0,4) & (0, 𝑘) is 4 units, find the values of k using
determinants.
17. Find , if 𝑦 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
18. If 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 100, find
dy
19. Find , if 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
dx
20. Find the approximate change in the volume V of a cube of side x meters caused by increasing the side by
2%
21. Find the intervals in which the function f is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 is strictly increasing.
22. Using the determinants, show that the points 𝐴(𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), 𝐵(𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎) & 𝐶(𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏) are collinear
23. If 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 , prove that =
24. Prove that, if each element of a row is multiplied by a scalar then the value of the determinant is also
multiplied by that scalar.
PART – C
25. Find g o f and f o g if f : R  R and g : RR are given by f(x) = cos x and g(x) = 3x2. Show that g o f  f o g
26. Show that the relation R in the set A = {x/xz and 0x12} given by R = {(a,b) / |a – b| is multiple of 4}.
Is R an equivalence relation?
27. Prove that the relation R in the set of integers Z defined by R = {(x, y) : x – y is an integer} is an equivalence
Relation
28. Prove that tan 1 (x)  tan 1  2x   tan 1  3x  x , | x | 1
3
 2 
1 x   1  3x 
2
3
 
29. Write tan 1  cos x , 3π  x  π in the simplest form.
 1  sin x  2 2
 
3 2
30. Find the inverse of the matrix using elementary transformations.
1 2
31. For any square matrix A with real numbers, prove that A + A is a symmetric and A - A is a skew symmetric
1 1 dy  y
32. If x  a sin t and y  a cos t then prove that 
dx x
33. Verify Mean Value Theorem for the function f(x) = x2 – 4x – 3 in the interval [1, 4].
34. If a function f(x) is differentiable at x = c prove that it is continuous at x = c
35. If y  sin 1  2 , find dy
x 1
 x 
1 4  dx
36. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = x2 – 4x + 6 is
i) strictly increasing ii) strictly decreasing
37. Prove that the curves x = y2 and xy = k cut at right angles if 8k2 = 1
38. Find two positive numbers x and y such that x + y = 60 and xy3 is maximum
PART – D
Answer any SIX questions: 6 x 5 = 30
39. Let R+ be the set of all non-negative real numbers. Show that the function f:R+  [4, ) given by
f(x) = x2 + 4 is invertible and write the inverse of f.
40. Let f : N  R defined by f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15, show that f : N  S, where S is the range of the function is
invertible. Also find the inverse of f
 1 2 3 2 3 4  2 3  1
     
41. If A   4 5 6 , B  5  3 0 and C  4 5 6 , prove that A(B + C) = AB + AC.
     
 7 8 0 4 5  3  1 2 3 

 0 6 7 0 1 1  2 
     
42. Verify (A + B)C = AC + BC, if A    6 0 8 , B   1 0 2  and C    2 
 7  8 0 1 2 0  3 
     
2  3 5 
 
43. If A  3 2  4 , find A-1. Using A-1 solve the system of equations 2x – 3y + 5z = 11 ; 3x + 2y –4z =-5
 
1 1  2
and x + y – 2z = -3.
44. Solve the following by using matrix method: 2  3  1  4, 4  6  5  1, 6  9  20  2
x y z x y z x y z
2
45. If y  Aemx  Benx , prove that d y2  (m  n) dy  mny  0
dx dx
2 2
46. If ey(x + 1) = 1, prove that dy  e y and hence prove that d y2   dy 
dx dx  dx 
47. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12cm3/s. The falling sand forma a cone on the ground in such a
way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of the
sand cone increasing when the height is 4cm?
48. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground, away
from the wall at the rate of 2 cm/sec. How fast is its height one the wall decreasing when the foot of the
ladder is 4m away from the wall?
PART – E
Answer any ONE questions: 1 x 10 = 10
49. One kind of cake requires 200 g of flour and 25g of fat and another kind of cake requires 100g of flour
and 50g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5kg of flour and 1kg of fat
assuming that there is no shortage of the other ingredient, used in making the cakes. 6
1  a 2  b2 2ab  2b
b) Show that 2ab 1 a  b
2 2
2a  (1  a 2  b 2 )3 4
2b  2a 1  a 2  b2
50. a) Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of maximum volume and of given slant height is 𝑡𝑎𝑛 √2.
6
Kx  1 if x  5
b) Find the value of K if f(x)   is continuous at x = 5. 4
3x  5 if x  5

PU II Maths Mid-Term QB-1

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Soln: |𝑥| < 1 2

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Soln: A binary operation * is a function ∗: 𝐴𝑋𝐴 → 𝐴, such that  1 2 3 4 5

Hence, R is symmetric = 𝑐𝑜𝑡

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= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 Now, ∆ is obtained by interchanging 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅

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6. Find the two numbers x & y such that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60 and 𝑥𝑦 is

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Soln: Given the system of linear equations, 𝑥 7 −3 2 6

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1 1 1 6 𝑥 = 12𝑒 + 18𝑒 − 12𝑒 − 18𝑒

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2𝑦 = 0 − 2𝑥 From equation (2),

The points on (2) are, (0,10) &(10,0)

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From equation (3),

The points on (3) are, (0,0) &(10,10)

Here, OABC is feasible region with corner points

Corner Points Z = 4x+y

From equation (2),

The points on (2) are, (0,15) &(5,0)

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Corner Points Z = 3x+2y Corner Points Z = 5x+10y

𝑂(0,0) 𝑍=0 𝐴(60,0) 𝑍 = 300

𝐴(5,0) 𝑍 = 15 𝐵(120,0) 𝑍 = 600

𝐵(4,3) 𝑍 = 18 𝐶(60,30) 𝑍 = 600

𝐶(0,5) 𝑍 = 10 𝐷(40,20) 𝑍 = 400

From equation (2), From equation (2),

From equation (3),

The points on (3) are, (0,0) &(60,30)

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Here, OABC is feasible region with corner points

𝐵(30,20) 𝐴(0,50) 𝑍 = 100

𝐶(0,50) 𝐵(20,40) 𝑍 = 100

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=3 𝑎𝑠 lim =1 By adding we get,

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R = {(a, b): 2 divides a – b} is an equivalence relation.

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