Ko こ near to speaker

So そ away from speaker(near

to listener)
A あ away from both (L &S)
Do ど is always for the question.

1.これ this
それ that
あれ that over
どれ which
This これ、それ、あれ、＆どれ
Is always followed with (は)particle it is
used for things.
これは、それは、あれは、
e.g.
これはなんですか
What is this.

2.この this
その that
あの that over there
どの which
This is used for the people (person)
Is always followed by noun （things）
e.g.
このひとはだれですか。
Who is this person.
ひと person
3. ここ here
そこ there
あそこ that over there
どこ where
This is used for the places /Location

And always followed with particle

（に・へ）
e.g.
ここにいぬがいます living things
Here is a dog.
ここにでんわがあります nonliving
things
Here is a phone
4.こちら this direction
そちら that direction
あちら that direction
どちら which direction
where
This is used for the direction.
And always followed with particle
（に・へ）
E.g.
がっこうはどちらですか
In which direction the school is?
Where is the school?
Respectful person かた
Question is どなた

Normal person ひと
Question is だれ
あのひとはだれですか
Who is that person (normal) informal
あのかたはどなたですか
Who is that person (respect) formal