INTRODUCTION:

The movement of air masses in the Earth's atmosphere generates wind energy, which is mostly captured
by wind turbines to provide electricity. Wind farms, which are made up of several turbines positioned
deliberately in areas with strong winds, are used to introduce it. By rotating their blades, which in turn
spin a generator, these turbines harness the kinetic energy of the wind and transform it into electrical
power. As a sustainable and clean substitute for fossil fuels, this renewable energy source has grown in
popularity.

In actuality, wind energy is a solar byproduct. Wind is produced by the sun's uneven heating of the
atmosphere, the uneven surfaces of the earth (valleys and mountains), and the planet's rotation around
the sun. Wind is a renewable resource as long as the sun's rays heat the earth since it is abundant.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To use wind energy as a clean and renewable energy source and make a major contribution to the
world's energy balance.

2. To lessen the negative effects of energy production on the environment by cutting greenhouse gas
emissions, like carbon dioxide, by replacing fossil fuel-based electricity generation.

3. To reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, diversify the energy supply, and lessen the geopolitical
risks related to conventional energy sources in order to improve energy security.

4. To promote economic expansion and employment generation by means of investments in the wind
energy industry, encompassing the production, setup, management, and upkeep of wind farms and
related facilities.

5. To promote developments in wind turbine technology that will boost grid flexibility and stability by
incorporating energy storage options and improving efficiency, dependability, and cost-effectiveness.

II. PROCEDURE

For this laboratory work, data from the MMSU-PAGASA Weather Station located in MMSU Batac
Campus was used. The data were encoded and exported in excel file format.
First, we generated wind speed data at height of wind turbine and from the raw data provided, we
recalculated the sind speed at higher elevation. Next thing we did; created and plotted the histogram.
We prepared the histogram for the given wind speed raw data using an appropriate range or interval of
wind speed. And we plotted the histogram with corresponding labels. An we performed linear
regression analysis followed by determining the scale factor,c, and the shape of factor, k. And lastly, we
calculated the actual putput energy. In line with the laboratory copy, we answered also the questions to
answer and made analysis on the raw data given up until the conclusion.

Sample calculation

A wind turbine has a diameter of 120 m and operates at a wind speed of 12m/s. The turbine has an
efficiency of 40%. What is the actual power output of the turbine?

Questions to answer

1.By showing the frequency of occurrence of various wind speed values in a certain range or bin, a
histogram illustrates the distribution of raw wind speed data. It gives an illustration of how frequently
each wind speed appears in the dataset. The normal distribution, on the other hand, is a theoretical
probability distribution that depicts the predicted distribution of data points around the mean value. It is
also referred to as a bell curve. It is characterized by a symmetrical bell-shaped curve, equal means for
the median and mode, and 68% of the data lying within one standard deviation of the mean. It is
derived from a certain mathematical formula.

Since a histogram of raw wind speed data simply shows the observed distribution of wind speeds in the
dataset, it may not always represent the true mean value in terms of mean wind speed or velocity. Since
the normal distribution is a theoretical model, it is predicated on a particular mean value determined by
a mathematical formula. It would be necessary to examine the true mean value of the raw wind speed
data and contrast it with the mean value of the normal distribution in order to compare the mean wind
speed between these two distributions. If the raw data closely resembles a normal distribution, then the
mean wind speed might be comparable in both scenarios. On the other hand, the mean wind speeds
could vary if the raw data has a varied distribution pattern between the two probability distributions.

3. Both the availability factor and the capacity factor are essential performance indicators for wind
turbines and other wind-powered machinery. The capacity factor is the ratio of the energy that a wind
turbine actually produces to the greatest amount of energy it can produce in a specific amount of time,
usually a year. It shows how well a wind turbine converts wind energy into electrical power. The
availability factor, on the other hand, calculates how much of a wind turbine's operating time is spent
producing power within a given time frame. It takes into consideration unscheduled downtime brought
on by environmental causes, technological problems, or maintenance. Although each component
evaluates a different aspect of wind turbine performance, knowing how they differ can help maximize
wind energy output and enhance overall effiency.

5. Wind machines, like wind turbines, have different components that require different maintenance
expenses. Among them are:

1. Maintenance on blades: Wear and tear, weather damage, and bird strikes can all necessitate repairs
or replacements.

2. Maintenance for the gearbox: The gearbox is an essential item that needs to be inspected, lubricated,
and possibly replaced when worn-out parts need to be replaced.

3. Brake maintenance: Regular checks and replacements may be required since safe operation depends
on the brakes' proper functionality.

4. Checking and replacing electrical parts, such as cables, connections, and inverters, is a part of
electrical system maintenance.

5. Tower maintenance: Any corrosion or structural damage to the tall tower needs to be inspected and
repaired.

6. Control system maintenance: Software updates and patches may be required on a regular basis to
keep the control system operating at peak efficiency.

7. base upkeep: In the event of soil erosion or settlement, the wind turbine's base should undergo
routine inspections and repairs.

8. Cleaning and painting: Keeping the wind machine clean and protected from corrosion requires regular
cleaning and painting.
The gearbox maintenance is sometimes regarded as the most expensive of these maintenance expenses
because of its intricacy and the expense of replacing or repairing worn-out parts. However, the precise
wind machine, the location, and the operating circumstances can all affect the highest cost.