EAP 5 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Name: Nguyễn Vũ Hoàng Linh I.D. 22004031

Class: Eap5–1222-07
Assignment: (please circle) Res.Report Lit. Review Res. Essay

Assignment Question: (write out in full) Globalization benefits developed

nations at the expense of developing nations. Do you agree?

Due date: 20/02/2023 Date submitted: 20/02/2023

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 Research Essay

Nguyễn Vũ Hoàng Linh – 22004031

EAP5

20/02/2023

Ritvik Kumar Gupta & Lã Thị Hải Yến

GLOBALIZATION

Globalization benefits developed nations at the expense of developing nations.

Do you agree?
Globalization, which broadly refers to how the world has become more integrated as a

consequence of advances in technology, transportation, and communication, has emerged as a

subject of much interest in today's contemporary society. Because of its significant impact on the

status of the global economy, it is also widely disputed by countries throughout the world,

including its benefits and drawbacks, as well as whether it actually promotes both world

development and national development. Hence, several specialists have conducted investigations

to find out more about the consequences of the globalization process on both developed and

developing countries due to its popularity and importance. Aslam and Azhar (2013) state that

there is a significant amount of controversy about whether globalization benefits developed

nations more than less-developed ones or whether it benefits all countries equally. The authors

believe that developing countries now find themselves disadvantaged. Although it is claimed

that globalization has a positive influence on both developed and developing nations, less

developed countries currently suffer from it while developed countries stand to benefit. The

economy, culture, and environment are three factors that globalization has had the greatest

significant impact on. This essay will focus on evaluating these key factors in order to

comprehend the effect of globalization on developed and developing countries - more clearly and

realistically.

One of the crucial factors why globalization promotes developed countries at the expense of

developing countries is the economy. Financial globalization is the part of economic

globalization that is spreading the fastest and has the most influence, and the movement of global

industrial rearrangement occurs concurrently with the development of economic globalization.

Additionally, the industrial structures of all nations have been experiencing adjustments and

remodeling along with the advancement of science and technology and the improvement in
wealth level. Significant risks come with developing nations' engagement in the globalization

process. Sorin Burlacu and Cuthbert Gutu (2018) examine that globalization is in opposition to

itself since, in addition to destabilizing developing nations and pushing them dangerously into

continual decline, it aids already developed nations in maintaining their monopoly on global

advancement. This is also demonstrated by the study of Gao Shangquan (2000). He claims that

the process of economic globalization has been strongly influenced by developed countries and

another indication of their predominance in the progress of economic globalization is the fact

that developed nations also set the regulations for world economic transactions. Nevertheless,

research written by Schmukler (2004) shows that irrespective of challenges, financial

globalization may have a significant positive net impact on developing nations. It means that

economic concerns are not the cause of economic globalization in developing countries since the

positives it provides outweigh the drawbacks. Yet, the number of developing nations that have

profited from economic globalization is less than 20, based on 1999 United Nations research.

From 30 times in 1960 to the recent 70 times, the discrepancy in income per capita between the

developed and developing countries has widened (Gao Shangquan, 2000). Thus, it is clear that

the economy is one of the reasons why globalization benefits developed nations at the expense of

developing ones.

Another aspect of globalization advantages to developed countries at the expense of developing

nations is issues related to culture. Holton (2000) recognizes that culture looks to be significantly

more difficult to internationalize than economic organization and technologies as each nation in

the world has a diverse cultural background, different intercultural communication patterns, and

distinct beliefs. As it is inconceivable to make one country adopt the culture of another without

detrimental effects, such as losing its national identity, it is the most challenging and intractable
difficulty in the globalized world. This may be hard for developing nations to do. Conversely,

this is rather accessible for developed nations, especially those located in the West. Kraidy

(2002) points out that the globe has been formed in the image of Western, especially American,

culture through a process referred to as cultural globalization. However, as globalization

develops, the globe is embracing a specific culture that is accepted by all nations; this is known

as cultural blending. Globalization has increased diversification and strengthened the world's

communications as well as tourism industries (Nigam, 2009). In contrast, Ahmad (2011) finds

that every civilization throughout the globe has experienced impact and identity changes in one

form or another. Western culture is the only dominant culture today. Due to the Western World's

emphasis on power, Western culture similarly predominates. Nowadays, Western culture

encompasses all world cultures. The West has long sought to dominate the entire world,

especially through marginalizing developing nations. Therefore, it is clear that the factors why

globalization benefits developed countries at the expense of less developed ones are mostly

explained by cultural effects.

Environmental problems also play an integral role in explaining why globalization advantages

developed countries at the expense of less developed nations. Globalization is accelerating, along

with the growth of technology and equipment, industrialization, and the modernization process,

all of which contribute to environmental concerns such as contamination, deforestation, and

unrefined industrial effluents. According to McMichael’s research paper (2000), urban areas in

less developed nations frequently have populations that suffer both the conventional dangers

from infectious illnesses and the biological and chemical threats that come along with poorly

regulated industries, inadequate housing, transportation hazards, and social violence. In addition,

developing nations have grown more and more polluted as a result of globalization's increased

flow of commodities and services, including some that are detrimental to the environment in
recent years. However, it is argued that environmental impacts are prevalent around the world,

not just in developing countries but also in developed nations. Also, because developed countries

utilize more advanced machinery and technology, their environmental pollution levels will be

higher compared to those in less developed nations. Nevertheless, according to the research

article of Aslam and Azha (2013), developing nations are more at risk of environmental

deterioration than developed countries because of a lack of public knowledge, legislation, and

political leadership commitment. It can be seen that not only do machines and equipment

released into the environment or people's perceptions cause environmental issues, but also

governmental laws and regulations. Therefore, environmental concerns are an important factor in

why globalization promotes developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

In conclusion, globalization is currently detrimental to less developed countries but beneficial for

developed countries in terms of the economy, culture, and environmental problems. Therefore, it

is clear that developing countries currently suffer from globalization while developed countries

stand to benefit. Less developed countries may gain from globalization if the difficulties are

handled. Addressing these concerns can assist developing nations' integration into the global

economy. This demands cooperation and solidarity between developed and developing countries.

Governments in less developed countries should also take considerable steps to tackle or

minimize the impact of globalization.

 REFFERENCE

Ahmad, W, Hilal 2014, ‘Impact of Globalization on World Culture’, Research Journal of

Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 2, A & V Publications, no. 2, pp. 1–4.
<https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjhss&volume=2&issue=2&article=001 >

Aslam, MMH & Azhar, SM 2013, ‘Globalisation and development: challenges for developing
countries’, International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, vol. 6, no. 2, p.
158. < https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2013.055795 >

Burlacu, S & Gutu, C 2018, Globalization – Pros and Cons, ResearchGate.

<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324212575 >

Hamdi, F 2013, ‘The Impact of Globalization in the Developing Countries’, Developing Country
Studies, viewed 16 March 2022,
<https://www.academia.edu/61897539/The_Impact_of_Globalization_in_the_Developing_Coun
tries>

Holton, R 2000, ‘Globalization’s Cultural Consequences’, The Annals of the American Academy
of Political and Social Science, vol. 570, no. 1, pp. 140–152.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1049246 >

Kraidy, MM 2013, Globalization of Culture Through the Media, ScholarlyCommons.

<https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/325/>

Mcmichael, A 2000, The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization:
issues for developing countries. <https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?
resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/bwho/v78n9/v78n9a07.pdf.>

Nigam, M. (2009, August 4). Impact of Globalization. Retrieved September 26, 2011, from
Article Base Web Site: < http://monikanigam.articlesbase.com/science-articles/impact-of-
globalization-1095770.html >
Schmukler, SL 2004, AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT FINAL PUBLICATION
INFORMATION Benefits and Risks of Financial Globalization : Challenges for Developing
Countries THE FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION OF THIS MANUSCRIPT IS AVAILABLE ON
THE PUBLISHER’S PLATFORM, viewed 20 February 2023,
<https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/16311/ERFRBA-
Schmukler.pdf?
sequence=1&fbclid=IwAR2Qear9EnnvzNDQAkkW5BiTAIlmMuvajb794Ytm5EnFEOYwh8fl
K9DIyjc>

Shangquan, G 2000, Economic Globalization: Trends, Risks and Risk Prevention.

<https://www.developmentaid.org/api/frontend/cms/file/2022/05/bp2000_1.pdf>