There arenumber of

ways to reduce flood peaks including ,

:

afforestation/deforestation
reseeding of sparsely vegetated areas to increase evaporative losses
-

treatment of slopes (terracing) to reduce the run-off coefficient

-comprehensive protection of vegetation from wildfires overgrazing and clear
,
cutting
of forests
-

clearance of sediment and other debris

Construction of small water and sediment holding areas
-

-preservation of natural water storage zones ,

such as lakes

afforestation should increase amount of interception and reduce amount

of overland flow reducing risk of floods
,

afforestation is the establishment of aforest in an tree-less area

Geophysical Hazards
Mass movements
include any large Scale movement of the Earth's surface that are
not accompalled
Wave
by moving agent such as river , glacier or Ocean

including :

very slow movements such as soil creep

-

,
-

fast movement such as avalanches

,

movement , such as rockfalls

dry
-

-very fluid movement such as mudflows

,

the types of processes can be classified in different ways :

type of movement flows slides Slumps

-

; , ,

-speed of movement
-

water content
-

material

causes of mass movements

·

in case of slope failing/land slides safety factor can be expressed

,

in the relative strenght/resistance of the slope compared with the force

that is trying to move it
·

most important factors determining movement are

gravity slope,

Angle and pore pressure