Sam Cooke And The Song That ‘Almost Scared Him’

By NPR
[1] Fifty years ago this week, Sam Cooke strolled into a recording studio, put
on a pair of headphones, and laid down the tracks for one of the most important songs
of the civil rights era.
[2] Rolling Stone now calls "A Change Is Gonna Come" one of the greatest
songs of all time, but in 1964 its political message was a risky maneuver. Cooke had
worked hard to be accepted as a crossover artist after building a sizable following on
the gospel circuit. And the first thing to know about the song, Cooke biographer Peter
Guralnick says, is that it's unlike anything the singer had ever recorded.
[3] "His first success came with the song 'You Send Me.' I mean, this was his
first crossover number under his own name, and it went to No. 1 on the pop charts,
which was just unheard of," Guralnick says. "As he evolved as a pop singer, he
brought more and more of his gospel background into his music, as well as his social
awareness, which was keen. But really, 'A Change Is Gonna Come' was a real
departure for him, in the sense that it was undoubtedly the first time that he addressed
social problems in a direct and explicit way."
[4] It's hard to imagine today what it meant for a black artist to achieve crossover in 1963. It did not come easily, and the last
thing Sam Cooke wanted to do was to alienate his new audience. But he also came from the gospel world. He could not ignore moral
outrage right in front of him.
[5] Soon, Cooke was jarred by another civil rights anthem: Bob Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind," which Guralnick says Cooke
loved but wished had come from a person of color — so much so that he incorporated it into his repertoire almost immediately.
[6] In the fall of 1963, Cooke faced a direct affront: He and his band were turned away from a Holiday Inn in Shreveport, La.
[7] "He just went off," Guralnick says. "And when he refused to leave, he became obstreperous to the point where his wife,
Barbara, said, 'Sam, we'd better get out of here. They're going to kill you.' And he says, 'They're not gonna kill me; I'm Sam Cooke.' To
which his wife said, 'No, to them you're just another ...' you know."
[8] Cooke was arrested and jailed, along with several of his company, for disturbing the peace. Guralnick says "A Change Is
Gonna Come" was written within a month or two after that.
[9] "It was less work than any song he'd ever written," Guralnick says. "It almost scared him that the song — it was almost as if
the song were intended for somebody else. He grabbed it out of the air and it came to him whole, despite the fact that in many ways it's
probably the most complex song that he wrote. It was both singular — in the sense that you started out, 'I was born by the river' — but
it also told the story both of a generation and of a people."
[10] Cooke was known to be a bit of a control freak in the studio, with a precise idea of how he wanted every instrument to sound.
For this track, however, he gave total latitude to the arranger, René Hall. Hall took the charge seriously, and wrote what was essentially
a symphonic arrangement within a three-and-a-half-minute framework.
[11] "Each verse is a different movement: The strings have their movement, the horns have their movement. The timpani carries
the bridge. It was like a movie score. He wanted it to have a grandeur to it," Guralnick says.
[12] "A Change Is Gonna Come" was released on the album Ain't That Good News in March of 1964. The civil rights movement
picked up on it immediately, but most of Cooke's audience did not — mostly because it wasn't selected as one of the first singles and
because Cooke only played the song before a live audience once.
[13] "It was a complex arrangement with something like 17 strings," Guralnick says. "I think part of him felt, 'I'm not gonna do it if
I can't do it justice.' But the other part was that it had this kind of ominousness about it.
[14] "When he first played it for Bobby Womack, who was his protégé, he said, 'What's it sound like?' And Bobby said, 'It sounds
like death.' Sam said, 'Man, that's kind of how it sounds like to me. That's why I'm never going to play it in public.' And Bobby sort of
rethought it and said, 'Well, it's not like death, but it sounds kind of spooky.'"
[15] It was more than spooky. Just before the song was to be released as a single in December of 1964, Sam Cooke would be shot
to death at a motel in Los Angeles.
[16] Guralnick says "A Change Is Gonna Come" is now much more than a civil rights anthem. It's become a universal message of
hope, one that does not age.
[17] "Generation after generation has heard the promise of it. It continues to be a song of enormous impact," he says. "We all feel
in some way or another that a change is gonna come, and he found that lyric. It was the kind of hook that he always looked for: The
phrase that was both familiar but was striking enough that it would have its own originality. And that makes it almost endlessly
adaptable to whatever goal, whatever movement is of the moment."
Sam Cooke and the Song that ‘Almost Scared Him’
Text-Dependent Questions

1. How does the author use the story about Sam Cooke being denied entry at the Holiday Inn to support the claim that “A
Change is Gonna Come” was a risky move for him?
a. It demonstrates the challenges Black artists faced in the 1960s.
b. It shows how his anger fueled the song’s creation.
c. It highlights the importance of social awareness in his music.
d. All of the above

2. What is the main purpose of paragraphs 10-13?

a. To describe the complex recording process of “A Change is Gonna Come.”
b. To compare the song’s arrangement to other popular songs of the time.
c. To explain why Sam Cooke hesitated to perform the song live.
d. To highlight the musical talent of the song’s arranger, René Hall.

3. What does the word “obstreperous” (paragraph 7) most likely mean in the context of the article?
a. Unceremonious
b. Cooperative
c. Unruly
d. Depressed

4. According to the article, how did Sam Cooke’s background and experiences influence his decision to write “A Change is
Gonna Come”?
a. He wanted to maintain his image as a popular crossover artist.
b. He felt a responsibility to speak out against social injustice.
c. He was inspired by the work of other artists like Bob Dylan.
d. He hoped to capitalize on the growing Civil Rights Movement.

5. Which sentence from the article best supports the idea that “A Change is Gonna Come” became more than just a civil rights
anthem?
a. “Rolling Stone now calls ‘A Change is Gonna Come’ one of the greatest songs of all time.” (paragraph 2)
b. “It was released on the album Ain’t That Good News in March of 1964.” (paragraph 12)
c. “The civil rights movement picked up on it immediately…” (paragraph 12)
d. “It’s become a universal message of hope, one that does not age.” (paragraph 16)

6. Writing: Based on the text about Sam Cooke and his song "A Change Is Gonna Come," how does Cooke’s personal
experience reflect the struggles and hopes of the civil rights era? Use evidence from the text to support your analysis.
Name: ____________________________________ Date: _________________
Sam Cooke and the Song that ‘Almost Scared Him’
1. How does the author use the story about Sam Cooke being denied entry at the Holiday Inn to support the claim that
“A Change is Gonna Come” was a risky move for him?
A is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

B is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

C is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

D is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the main purpose of paragraphs 10-13?

A is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

B is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

C is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

D is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

3. What does the word “obstreperous” (paragraph 7) most likely mean in the context of the article?
A is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

B is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

C is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

D is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

4. According to the article, how did Sam Cooke’s background and experiences influence his decision to write “A Change
is Gonna Come”?
A is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

B is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

C is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

D is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

5. Which sentence from the article best supports the idea that “A Change is Gonna Come” became more than just a civil
rights anthem?
A is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

B is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

C is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

D is _____________ because _____________________________________________________________________________

Writing Prompts

Based on the text about Sam Cooke and his song "A Change Is Gonna Come," how does Cooke’s personal experience reflect
the struggles and hopes of the civil rights era? Use evidence from the text to support your analysis.

Unpack the Prompt

Cooke’s Personal experience:

Struggles and Hopes of the Civil Rights Movement:

CLAIM

CONTEXT

EVIDENCE

REASONING

RESOLUTION
KEY
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. D