2-2

4%(A、B 各 2%)
Since A = (A − B) ∪ (A ∩ B), we conclude that A = {1, 5, 7, 8}∪{3, 6, 9} = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9}. Similarly B = (B − A) ∪ (A ∩ B) = {2, 10}∪{3, 6, 9} = {2, 3, 6, 9, 10}.

9%
a) We cannot conclude that A = B. For instance, if A and B are both subsets of C , then
this equation will always hold, and A need not equal B.
b) We cannot conclude that A = B; let C = Ø, for example.
c) By putting the two conditions together, we can now conclude that A = B. By
symmetry, it suffices to prove that A ⊆ B. Suppose that x ∈ A. There are two cases. If
x ∈ C , then x ∈ A ∩ C = B ∩ C , which forces x ∈ B. On the other hand, if x /∈ C , then
because x ∈ A ∪ C = B ∪ C , we must have x ∈ B.

8%
We note that these sets are increasing, that is, A1 ⊆ A2 ⊆ A3 ⊆ ···. Therefore, the
union of any collection of these sets is just the one with the largest subscript, and the
intersection is just the one with the smallest subscript.
a) {..., −2, −1, 0, 1, ..., n}
b) {..., −2, −1, 0, 1}
2-3

9%
a) This is not a function because the rule is not well-defined. We do not know
whether f(3) = 3 or f(3) = −3. For a function, it cannot be both at the same time.
b) This is a function. For all integers n, √n2 + 1 is a well-defined real number.
c) This is not a function with domain Z, since for n = 2 (and also for n = −2 ) the value
of f(n) is not defined by the given rule. In other words, f(2) and f(−2) are not specified
since division by 0 makes no sense.

9%
a) The domain is the set of nonnegative integers, and the range is the set of digits ( 0
through 9 ).
b) The domain is the set of positive integers, and the range is the set of integers
greater than 1.
c) The domain is the set of all bit strings, and the range is the set of nonnegative
integers.
d) The domain is the set of all bit strings, and the range is the set of nonnegative
integers (a bit string can have length 0 ).
8%
a) f(n) = n + 17
b) f(n) = ⌈ n/2 ⌉
c) We let f(n) = n − 1 for even values of n, and f(n) = n + 1 for odd values of n. Thus we
have f(1) = 2, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 4, f(4) = 3, and so on. Note that this is just one function,
even though its definition used two formulae, depending on the parity of n.
d) f(n) = 17

9%
a) The answer is the set of all solutions to x 2= 1, namely {1, −1}.
b) In order for x 2 to be strictly between 0 and 1, we need x to be either strictly
between 0 and 1 or strictly between −1 and 0. Therefore the answer is { x | −1 <x< 0
∨ 0 <x< 1 }.
c) In order for x 2to be greater than 4, we need either x > 2 or x < −2. Therefore the
answer is { x | x > 2 ∨ x < −2 }.
2-4

8%
a) a0 = 2, a1 = 3, a2 = 5, a3 = 9 b) a0 = 1, a1 = 4, a2 = 27, a3 = 256
c) a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 1, a3 = 1 d) a0 = 0, a1 = 1, a2 = 2, a3 = 3

6%(每種 2%)
Each term could be twice the previous term; the nth term could be obtained from
the previous term by adding n − 1; the terms could be the positive integers that are
not multiples of 3; there are infinitely many other possibilities.

6%
a) The amount after n−1 years is multiplied by 1.09 to give the amount after n years,
since 9% of the value must be added to account for the interest. Thus we have an =
1.09a n−1. The initial condition is a0 = 1000.
b) Since we multiply by 1.09 for each year, the solution is an = 1000(1.09)n.
c) a100 = 1000(1.09)100≈ $5,529,041
24%(每題 3%)
a) “1”*1, ”0”*1, “1”*2, ”0”*2, “1”*3, ”0”*3, “1”*4, ”0”*4,…… ; 1,1,1
b) 奇數一次，偶數兩次；9,10,10
c) 20 , 0 ,21 , 0 , 22 , 0 , 23 ,0 , 24 , 0 , … … ; 25 , 0 ,26
d) a 1=3 , an=2 a n−1 ; 384 , 768 , 1536
e) 公差= -7 ； -34, -41, -48
f) a 1=3 , an=an−1+ n ; 57, 68, 80
g) a 1=2 , an=2∗n3 ; 1024, 1458, 2000
h) a 1=2 , an=n !+ 1 ; 362881, 3628801, 39916801