Chapter 1 Vha Culture of British

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Chapter 1 vha - culture of british
giao dịch thương mại quốc tế (Trường Đại Học Ngoại ngữ Huế)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1. Country and people

1. England is only one of the four nations of the British Isles ( England, Scotland,
Wales and Ireland).
2. At one time the four nations were distinct from each other in almost every aspect
of life. In the first place, they were different racially.
3. The people in Ireland, Wales and highland Scotland belonged to the Celtic race.
4. Those in England and lowland Scotland were mainly of Germanic origin.
5. This difference was reflected in the languages they spoke. People in the Celtic
areas spoke Celtic languages: Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh.
6. People in the Germanic areas spoke Germanic dialects (bản địa) (including the
one which has developed into modern English).
7. Today these differences have become blurred.
8. Although there is only one government for the whole of Britain, and people have
the same passport regardless of where in Britain they live, some aspects of
government are organized separately (and sometimes differently) in the four parts
of the United Kingdom. Moreover, Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel their
identity very strongly.
9. The nationality of people from UK is the British.
The dominance of England
1. The system of politics that is used in all four nations today is of English origin.
2. English is the main language of all four nations.
3. The supply of money in Britain is controlled by the Bank of England.
4. The present queen of the country is universally known as 'Elizabeth the Second',
even though Scotland and Northern Ireland have never had an 'Elizabeth the First.
National loyalties - double identity

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1. Because of migration (sự di cư) of people from Scotland, Wales and Ireland to
England, there are millions of people who live in England but who would never
describe themselves as English. They may have lived in England all their lives, but
as far as they are concerned they are Scottish or Welsh or Irish.
Legislature Executive Jurisdiction

Name Flag Capital Legal systems
( cơ quan lập (cơ quan (phạm vi
pháp) hành chính) quyền hạn)
UK England and
England London UK Parliament[a] English law
Government[b] Wales
Northern
Northern Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Northern
Belfast Ireland
Ireland Assembly law, Irish land law Ireland
Executive[d]
Scottish Scottish
Scotland Edinburgh Scots law Scotland
Parliament Government
English law,
Welsh England and
Wales Cardiff Senedd
Government Wales
Welsh law
United UK United
London UK Parliament UK law
Kingdom Government Kingdom
Quiz
1. Liberal Art Education is an education that allows the learner…..:
A. freedom of thought
B. freedom of playing
C. to compete with each other
D. to do whatever they like
2. The UK is made up of:

A. Great Britain and Northern Ireland
B. Wales, Scotland, and all of Ireland Scotland

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
C. England and The Republic of Ireland

D. Great Britain and The Republic of Ireland
3. In which hemisphere is Britain located?

A. North
B. South
C. East
D. West
4. Britain is the largest island in ______.

A. Europe
B. Africa
C. Antarctica
5. The island of Britain is located in which ocean?

A. Atlantic
B. Pacific
C. Arctic
D. Indian
6. There are 2 states in this area: The Republic of Ireland and The United Kingdom.
A. True
B. False
7. Which is the normal everyday adjective when talking about something to do with the UK:
A. English B. British C. Irish D. Britain
8. The image of Britannia has been used to symbolize British national pride, unity, and strength for
centuries.
A. True
B. False
9. Celtic is the dominant culture of people in :

A. England and Wales
B. Ireland and England
C. England and Highland Scotland
D. Wales, Ireland, and Highland Scotland
10. Which surname is commonly used in both England and Scotland?

A. Price B. Smith C. Evans D. Ian
11. What is the name of the clothes the symbol of Scotland?

A. half-collared shirt
B. coat
C.the kilt ( a skirt)
D. bedgown
12. What kind of musical instrument is considered a symbol of both Wales and Ireland?
A. The harp B. The bagpipes C. Air bag D. Flute
13. What are the roman names for Scotland, Wales, and Ireland?
A. Caledonia, Cambria, and Hibernia
B. Briton, Cambria, and Erin
C. Caledonia, Hibernia, and Briton
D. Erin, Caledonia, and Briton

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
14. Which is the flag of England?
15. Which is the flag of Wales?
16. The national flag of the UK is not the Union Jack. True or False?
A. True
B. False
17. The Union Jack is a combination of the flags of which countries?

A. Scotland, Ireland, and England
B. Scotland, Wales, and England
C. England and Scotland
D. England and Wales
18. What is the common internet domain address for Britain?

A. .br
B. .gb
C. .uk
19. In which of the following does a 'Great Britain' team compete?

A. the Olympics
B. cricket
C. rugby union
20. Historically and culturally speaking, which country may be divided into 'Lowland' and 'Highland'?
A. Wales
B. Scotland
C. England
21. England makes up the whole of the United Kingdom. True or False?
A. True
B. False
22. What is the main language today in the four countries of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland?
A. Welsh
B. English
C. Scots
23. Who is she?

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
A. Elizabeth I
B. Elizabeth II
C. Elizabeth III
24. The supply of money in Britain is controlled by the Bank of _______?

A. England
B. Britain
C. British
D. the United Kingdom
25. What proportion of the population of White British lives in Britain?

A. more than 80%
B. about 60%
C. less than 40%
2. Geography
1.
The UK is made up of:
+ Great Britain (the formerly separate realms of England, and Scotland, and the
principality of Wales. )
+ Northern Ireland (also known as Ulster)
+ Numerous smaller islands including the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, and the Scilly,
Orkney, Shetland, and Hebridean archipelagos.
2.
The UK lies between the North Atlantic Ocean (Bắc Đại Tây Dương) and the
North Sea (Biển Bắc), and comes within 35 km (22 miles) of the northwest coast
of France, from which it is separated (ngăn cách) by the English Channel. Northern
Ireland shares a 360 km international land boundary (ranh giới đất liền quốc tế)
with the Republic of Ireland (Cộng hòa). The Channel Tunnel bored beneath
(đường hầm) the English Channel, now links the UK with France.
3. The UK has a total area of approximately (khoảng) 245,000 km², almost a

quarter-of-a-million square kilometres.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
4. The UK is made up of several islands. The only land border connecting the UK
to another country is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
5. The UK is bordered (giáp) by four seas:
+ to the south by the English Channel (eo biển Manche), which separates it from
continental Europe
+ to the east by the North Sea
+ to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean (Đại Tây Dương).
Land and settlement

1. The UK Landscape is very varied, ranging from the Grampian Mountains of
Scotland to the lowland fens (những vừng đất thấp) of England which are at
or below sea level in places (mực nước biển).
2. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts (những vùng núi cao nhất)
of the UK. A ridge of hills (một dãy đồi), the Pennine, runs down the centre of
northern (miền bắc) England. Many coastal areas (khu vực ven biển) are low-lying
(vùng trũng), especially in the east (phía đông) and south (phía nam) of England.
These include the wetlands (vùng ngập nước) of the Somerset levels, that regularly
flood during heavy rain.
3. Most of the UK is made up of gently rolling hills (những ngọn đồi thoai
thoải) with isolated areas of high ground (những vùng đất cao bị cô lập) such
as Dartmoor in the south-west of England or the Mourne Mountains in
Northern Ireland.
4. Northern Ireland is also home to the UK's largest lake, Lough Neagh, which
covers an area of 396sq.km (153 sq miles). Other major lakes include
Windermere in the English Lake District and Loch Lomond in Scotland.
Another of Scotland's lakes, Loch Ness is famous for sightings of 'Nessie', a
mythical monster!In northwest (tây bắc) England and the Scottish Highlands
are dozens of lakes, called lochs. These were left behind when the Ice Age
(kỷ băng hà) glaciers melted. They tend to be long and narrow, and some are
very deep. Legends say that a giant monster called Nessie lives in Loch Ness
in Scotland

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
5. UK Rivers
Being a relatively (tương đối) small Island, the UK's rivers are not very long. The
Severn, its longest river, is just 338 km in length, beginning in Wales and entering
(đổ vào) the Atlantic Ocean near Bristol in England. Other major rivers include the
Thames, which flows through Oxford and London, and the Trent and Mersey
rivers, which drain rainfall (thoát nước mưa) from large areas of central England
(miền Trung nước Anh).
Population
1. Nearly 84 percent of the total population of the United Kingdom lives in
England.
The most densely populated areas (khu vực đông dân cư nhất) of England are the
major cities and metropolitan areas (khu vực đô thị) of London and the South East,
South and West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside, the West
Midlands, and the conurbations (các vùng ngoại ô) on the rivers Tyne,Wear and
Tees. London has the highest population density with 4,00 people per square
kilometre, and the South West the lowest (210 people per square kilometre).
The environment and pollution

1. It was in Britain that the word "smog" was first used (to describe a mixture of
smoke and fog).
Climate
1.Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied
climate. We never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It
can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate
changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. In general we have
warm summers and cool winters. Our summers are cooler than those on the
continent, but the winters are milder.
2. Temperate Climate

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
The overall climate in England is called temperate maritime (khí hậu ôn đới hải
dương). This means that it is mild (thời tiết ôn hòa) with temperatures not much
lower than 0ºC in winter and not much higher than 32ºC in summer. It also means
that it is damp (ẩm) and is subject to frequent changes.
3.July and August are normally the warmest month in England.
Around the coasts, February is normally the coldest month, but inland there is little
to choose between January and February as the coldest month.
4. Rain is fairly well distributed throughout (phân bố khá đều) the year, with
late winter/spring (February to March) the driest period and autumn/winter
(October to January) the wettest.
LONDON
1. The City of London, know simply as 'the City' which is the business and
financial heart of the United Kingdom. It is also known as the Square Mile
(2.59 sq km/1 sq mi). It was the original Roman settlement (khu định cư
nguyên thủy) (ancient Londinium), making it the oldest part of London and
already 1,000 years old when the Tower of London was built.
The City of Westminster, where Parliament and most of the government offices are
located. Also Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the Queen and
the Royal family are located there too.
Together they all make up a region known as Greater London.
2. London is the biggest city in Britain and in Europe.
3. London occupies (chiếm) over 620 square miles
4. London has a population of 7,172,036 (2001).About 12 per cent of Britain’s

overall population live in London
5. London has the highest population density in Britain, with 4,699 people per
square kilometre,
6. London is in the southeast (đông nam) of England.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
7. London is the seat of central government (trụ sở của chính phủ trung ương) in
Britain.
8.The tallest building in London is the Canary Wharf Tower.
9.London was the first city in the world to have an underground railway (đường sắt
ngầm), known as the 'Tube'.
10.Some of the most important people from countries all over the world visit the
Queen at Buckingham Palace.
11.There are over 100 theatres in London, including 50 in the West End. London
theatre accounts for 45% of all UK theatre admissions and over 70% of box-office
revenues (doanh thu phòng vé).
12. London comprises the City of London, and the 32 boroughs (quận), of which
13. are in Inner (nội thành) London and 19 are in Outer (ngoại thành) London. It is
a growing city spreading out and 'swallowing' many villages and towns in the
south east of England. Because of this, there are many conflicting definitions of
London and Greater London and the population of London varies accordingly.
London, the capital of England and the UK, occupies over 620 square miles and is
the most populous city in the European Union, with over 7 million residents.
London’s population is heavily concentrated (at about 4,539 people per sq
km/11,568 per sq mi)
14. Over 250 languages are spoken in London, making the capital the most
linguistically diverse city in the world.
15. Traditional London Food
London's food doesn't come any more traditional - or tasty - than good old pie
(bánh nướng) and mash (bánh nghiền). Locally caught eels (lươn) were the usual
pie filling (nhân bánh) but they have been gradually replaced by minced beef(thịt
bò băm).
SOUNTHERN ENGLAND
The country of Kent

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
+ Garden of England
+ Many kinds of fruit and vegetable
The Down
+ Hills in a horseshoe shape
+ Sheep farming
+ White cliffs of the south coast (vách đá trắng)
+ Little heavy industry
The West country
+ Bristol was once Britain's most important port (cảng) after London.
+Dairy produce, fruit
+ South-west peninsula (bán đảo)
- Rocky coats
- Small bays
- Wild moorlands (vùng đất hoang mạc đầy thạch lam)
+ Tourist industry
East Anglia
+ North-east London
+ Large expanses of uniformly flat land
+ Dry climate
+ Grow wheat, arable crops (canh tác dược). (trồng ngắn ngày, trồng theo vụ)
THE MIDLANDS
Birmingham is Britain’s second largest city..
+ Heavy industry

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
+ Iron, steel (thép) => variety of goods
+ Industry areas:
- The Potteries (đồ gốm, thủ công)
+ Several towns in the east midlands
- Derby
- Leicester
- Nottingham
NORTHERN ENGLAND
Western:
Manchester area
Cotton goods (sản phẩm làm từ bông)
Eastern:
Bradford, Leeds
Woolen goods (hàng len)
Southern:
Sheffield became a centre for the production of steel goods
Steel goods (thép)
Northern:
Newcastle
Shipbuilding (đóng tàu)
+ Lake District (North-western corner of country)
+ Largest National Park in England

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
SCOTLAND
Southern uplands: sheep farming
Middle: central plain: 80% of population, oil industry
North: Highlands: Tourism, Whisky
Thành phố Glasgow 3rd largest city in Britain
+ Heavy industry
+ Artistic heritage (di sản nghệ thuật)
+ Glasgow school
Capital: Edinburgh
+ Historic building
+ Topography (the Athens of the North) (địa thế địa hình)
+ Edinburgh festival of the arts
WALES
1. Capital: Cardiff
2. South Wales: Coal mine (than)
3. High proportion (sự cân đối) of industrial villages.
4. Most of the rest of Wales: mountainous
NORTHERN IRELAND
1. Capital: Belfast
2. Manufacture of linen (vải lanh)
Shipbuilding
3. The rest of Ireland: agriculture

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
4. Giant’s Causeway (enormous stepping stones) (đường đắp cao)
Quiz
1. Which of the following statements about Britain is false?
A. Britain has flat land
B. Britain has no active volcanoes
C. Britain has no really big rivers
D. Britain has very high mountains
2. By whom was Britain's image of a wet, foggy island created two thousand
years ago?
A. The native Londoners
B. The invading Romans
C. The Irish people
D. The Americans
3. In summer, the south of Britain is… than the north.
A. wetter and rainier
B. colder and more snowfall
C. warmer and sunnier
D. sunnier but still cold
4. Which of the following statements about the climate of Britain is false?
A. The winters are a bit colder in the east of the country than they are in the west
B. The climate of Britain is more or less the same as that of the north-western part
of the European mainland
C. In summer, the south is slightly warmer and sunnier than the north
D. The further east you go, the more rain you get
5. Where is the wettest city in Britain?

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
A. Manchester
B. Cardiff
C. Liverpool
D. Southampton
6. Why do the British seem to be totally unprepared for extremes?
A. Because these things happen so rarely
B. Because these things do not have much impact on their daily life
C. Because British people always seem to be talking about the weather
D. Because British people believe it is easy to adapt to extreme situations
7. There is a saying that Britain doesn’t have a climate, it only has weather.
A. True
B. False
8. In Britain, there can be cool (even cold) days in… and some quite warm days
in…
A. July, February
B. June, January
C. July, January
D. June, February
9. Which of the following statements about the land and settlement of Britain
is false?
A. Much of the land is used for human habitation
B. Britain is an island under constant attack from the surrounding sea
C. Mountainous areas are found only in the south and east
D. Human influence has been extensive

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
10. According to the graph ‘Britain and Ireland: where people live’, how many
major cities are there in Northern Ireland?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
11. What is the main topography of south and east Britain?
A. Plains and valleys
B. Plains and high mountains
C. Hills and plains
D. Hills and mountains
12. Britain has a greater proportion of grassland than any other country in
Europe except…
A. Ireland
B. France
C. Germany
D. Italy
13. The English and the… don’t like living in blocks of flats in city centres.
A. Scottish
B. Irish
C. British
D. Welsh
14. The word ‘smog’ that was first used in Britain referred to…
A. Weather

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
B. Polluted environment
C. The place to catch the early dawn
D. Where the dawn of mankind originates
15. The word ‘smog’ was used to describe a mixture of…
-> smoke and fog
16. The term ‘pea-soupers’ can be understood as…
A. big rivers
B. thick smogs
C. the River Thames
D. fields with hedgerows
17. When did the atmospheric condition called ‘smog’ in London reach its
worst point?
A. In 1949
B. In 1950
C. In 1951
D. In 1952
18. Which of the following statements about the environment and pollution in
Britain is true?
A. By the end of the 1950s it was said to be possible to catch fish in the Thames
outside Parliament
B. In the middle years of the nineteenth century, nothing happened to people who
fell into the Thames
C. It was in Britain that the word ‘smog’ was first used
D. The great increase in the use of the motor car in the last quarter of the
twentieth century has caused an increase in a new kind of noise pollution

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
19. Until the 1960s, the first thing that happened to people who fell into the
Thames in London was that they were rushed to hospital to have their…
pumped.
A. stomachs
B. mouths
C. veins
D. legs
20. In Britain, various attempts at using ‘green’ energy sources are being
made, except for…
A. solar power
B. tidal power
C. geothermal power
D. wind power
21. London is about… times larger than any other city in the country.
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
22. About a… of the total population of the UK lives in the wider London area.
A. third
B. fourth
C. fifth
D. sixth
23. The original walled city of London is known informally today as…
A. ‘the rectangle mile’

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
B. ‘the square mile’
C. ‘the triangle mile’
D. ‘the circle mile’
24. Which of the following statements about London is false?
A. London is the largest city in Europe and it dominates Britain
B. The original walled city of London was huge
C. During the daytime, nearly a million people work in the square mile, but less
than 8,000 people actually live there
D. A survey carried out in the 1980s found that 137 different languages were
spoken in the homes of just one district
25. Which area of London is the home of the Cockney?
A. The West End
B. The North End
C. The East End
D. The South End
3.HISTORY
Thousands of years ago, Great Britain was joined to Europe and was covered with
ice. About 15,000 years ago, the weather became warmer. The ice melted and the
sea level rose. Great Britain became an island about 8000 years ago.
Celtic people called Britons settles (định cư) in Britain. They were warriors (chiến
binh) and farmers who were skilled metal workers (những người thợ kim hoàn lành
nghề). They built villages and hill forts (pháo đài), and used iron weapons and
tools. Celts called Gaels lived in Ireland.
1.Prehistoric Britain BC

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
What happened in The

Year
Britain World
700,000 People migrate (di cư) to 'Britain'
BC from Europe.
Britain is joined to Europe (no sea
in between)
Mammoth (voi ma mút), rhino (tê
giác) and giant beavers (hải ly) live
in 'Britain'
Date (niên đại) of earliest human
tools found on Suffolk coast.
130,000 Neanderthal Britain

BC The dominate (thống trị) human
species is Neanderthal.
25,000 Ice Age

BC Northern Europe (Bắc Âu) and most
of modern Britain is plunged into
(chìm trong) a deep Ice Age
12,000 Beginning of the end of the Ice Age

BC Re-colonization (tái thuộc địa hóa)
of Britain by home sapiens.
8,500 BC Warmer climate led to the growth of

forests all over Britain.
6,000 BC Britain becomes an Island.

The land bridge joining Britain to

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Europe flooded as the sea level rose
4,200 BC
Farming people arrive from Europe.
First evidence of farming

Farming quickly spread all across
the British Isles. Land is cleared,
wheat and barley (lúa mạch)
planted , and herds of domesticated
sheep, cattle, and pigs raised.
3,000 BC
New Stone Age (thời kỳ đồ đá
mới) begins: farming people arrive
from Europe.
First stone circles erected.(những

vòng tròn đá đầu tiên được dựng
lên)
2,800 BC First phase of building Stonehenge
2,700 BC Tools and weapons made from

copper (đồng đỏ)
2,100 BC
Bronze Age begins (thời đại đồ đồng
bắt đầu)
First metal workers

People learn to make bronze
weapons and tools.
Introduction of cremation of the
dead and burials in round barrows.
(giới thiệu về hỏa táng người chết

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
và chôn cất trong chuồng ngựa

tròn)
Beaker culture - their name is

thought to originate from the
distinctive beakers that
accompanied their burials. They
were farmers and archers (cung
thủ). They lived in round huts
(similar to the Celts) with a low
stone wall for a base. The roof was
made of thatch, turf, or hides.
(tranh, cỏ hoặc da sống)
2,000 BC Stonehenge completed
1650 BC Trade routes (tuyến đường thương

mại) began to form
1200 BC Small Villages were first formed
1136-1327 Pharaoh Tutank

hamen rules
Egypt
753 Romulus and

Remus found
Rome.
750 BC
Iron Age began
Iron replaces bronze as most useful
metal.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Population about 150,000.
563 Birth of Prince

Siddhartha
Gautama. He
later became
Buddha
509 Rome expels

kings and
becomes a
republic.
500 BC The Celtic people arrive from

Central Europe.(Trung Âu)
The Celts were farmers and lived in
small village groups in the centre of
their arable fields (cánh đồng canh
tác). They were also warlike people
(người hiếu chiến). The Celts fought
against the people of Britain and
other Celtic tribes.
The Roman period (43-410)

The Romans came to Britain 2000 years ago. They changed our country. The
Roman Empire (đế chế La Mã) made its mark on Britain, and even today, the ruins
(tàn tích) of Roman buildings, forts (pháo đài), roads, and baths can be found all
over Britain.
Britain (not Scotland) was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years! The
Roamns divided England into four areas centred by the following towns London,
Cirencester, York and Lincoln.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
By the time the Roman armies (quân đội) left around 410 AD, they had established
medical practice, a language of administration (ngôn ngữ hành chính) and law and
had created great public buildings and roads.
Many English words are derived from the latin language of the Romans.
Abroa
Britain d
Julius Caesar heads
first Roman Invasion
55 BC (cuộc xâm lược) but
later withdraws (rút
lui)
Julius Caesar
is murdered
44 BC 44 BC
(sát hại) in
Rome
AD
Jesus
30 30
Crucified
Romans invade
and Britain becomes
43
part of the Roman
Empire
50 London Founded
61 Boadicea leads the

Iceni in revolt (cuộc nổi
dậy) against the

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Romans
Romans conquer (chinh

70 phục) Wales and
the North
The Emperor
76 Hadrian is
born
The
Colosseum
80 80
of Rome
completed
Emperor Hadrian builds

122 - 128 a wall on the Scottish
Border
Romans conquer
140
Scotland
St Alban becomes the

209 1st Christian martyr (vị
tử đạo Cơ đốc đầu tiên)
Constantine the Great

declared Emperor at
306 York (Constantine Đại
đế tuyên bố Hoàng đế
tại York)
The Picts and Scots

350 attack the border (tấn
công biên giới)
401 - 410 The Romans withdraw

(rút khỏi)from Britain:

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Anglo Saxons migrants

begin to Settle (định
cư)
Saxon Invasion - 5th Century
The Roman army left Britain about AD 410 (sau công nguyên). When they had
gone there was no strong army to defend (bảo vệ) Britain, and tribes called the
Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homelands in
northern german flag Germany, flag Denmark and northern netherlands flag
Holland (Hà Lan) and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats.
The Anglo-Saxons ruled (cai trị) most of Britain but never conquered (chinh phục)
cornwall (cờ ngô) flag Cornwall in the south-west, welsh flag Wales in the west, or
scottish flag Scotland in the north.
The Anglo-Saxons divided England into several kingdoms.
Missionaries (các nhà truyền giáo) from Roman spread Christianity (đạo Cơ đốc)
across southern Britain.
Anglo-Saxon Britain
First invasions of the Jutes from Jutland, Angles from
South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany.
450 Britain is divided up into the Seven Kingdoms of
Northumbria, Mercia, Anglia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex
and Kent.
450 Saxons Hengist and Horsa settle in Kent.
460 St Patrick returns to convert (chuyển đổi) Ireland
516 The Battle of Mount Badon: Britons under an unknown

leader defeat the Angles and Saxons

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
St Augustine brings Christianity to England from Rome
597 King Æthelberht of Kent gave him land in Canterbury to

build a church. Æthelberht became the first Anglo-
Saxon king to turn his back on paganism (ngoại giáo)
and become Christian (Thiên Chúa giáo).
600 Æthelberht is now one of the most powerful kings in

England
617 Northumbria becomes the Supreme Kingdom
627 Edwin of Northumbria becomes the first Christian king

in the north of England
Mercia becomes the Supreme Kingdom and King Offa

779
builds a Dyke along the Welsh Border
Viking
The flag Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD
and lasted for 300 years.
Viking Britain
793
First recorded Viking attack happens in Dorset
793 Vikings attack the monastery (tu viện) of Lindisfarne,

Northumbria
795
Vikings attack the island monastery of Iona, Scotland
Iona was attacked in 795 AD, in 802 AD and again in

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
806 AD
829
Wessex becomes the Supreme Kingdom (vương
quốc tối cao)
Egbert, King of the West Saxons, conquers (chinh
phục) Mercia and forces (buộc) the Northumbrians to
submit as well (phục tùng). From then on, Wessex
retained its dominance in England. Egbert's grandson,
Alfred, initiated the creation of the single kingdom of
England.
843
Kingdom of Scotland formed
Some sources suggest that around 843 AD the kingdom
of the Scots and the Picts was amalgamated (được hợp
nhất), and that from this date historians can speak of a
'kingdom of Scotland'.
851
Athelstan, son of the king of Wessex, defeats a Viking
fleet (hạm đội) in battle Egbert, king of Wessex, had
made his second son Athelstan king of Kent. According
to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Athelstan fought a sea
battle against the Vikings off Sandwich, capturing (bắt
giữ) nine ships and putting the rest to flight.
866 - Invasion of the Great Danish (Viking) Army.

77
867 The Vikings kill rival (đối thủ) kings of Northumbria and
capture (chiếm) York
The city became Yorvik, the Viking capital in
England.
869
Edmund, King of the East Angles, is killed by the Vikings

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
He was beheaded and his head thrown away to prevent

proper burial. Much later, his head was finally reunited
with the body, and both were buried in the royal
residence (dinh thự hoàng gia), which later became
known as Bury St Edmunds, a town in East Anglia.
877
Welsh king Rhodri Mawr is defeated by the Vikings and
flees (chạy trốn) to Ireland
878
Wessex is overrun by Vikings and King Alfred goes into
hiding in the marshes (đầm lầy) of Athelney (Somerset).
After Easter, he called up his troops and defeated the
Viking king Guthrum, who he persuaded to be baptised
(người mà ông thuyết phục để được rửa tội). He later
brought Guthrum to terms and created a settlement
(điều khoản) that divided England.
886 England is Divided

Alfred, King of Wessex, agrees a treaty (hiệp ước) with
Vikings to divide England
The Saxons retain the west, while the east (between the
Thames and Tees rivers) was to be Viking territory (lãnh
thổ) - later known as the 'Danelaw' - where English and
(Danish) Vikings were equal in law.
889 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle (Biên niên sử) starts
926 Eastern England (Danelaw) is conquered by the Saxons
927 Athelstan, king of Wessex, takes York (Yorvik) from the

Vikings, and forces the submission of Constantine of the
Scots and of the northern kings.
939
Athelstan, first king of all England, dies

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
954
Eric Bloodaxe, the last Viking king in England, is
forced out of Yorvik (York)
Eric Bloodaxe was invited to take over the kingdom of
Yorvik (York) around 946 AD. He was welcomed by
Athelstan, king of Wessex, who wanted Eric to protect
his kingdom from Scots and Irish invaders.
960 Dunstan becomes archbishop (tổng giám mục) of

Canterbury
973
Edgar is crowned king of England at Bath, 14 years
after taking power
Edgar ruled England from 959 to 975 AD, but it was not
until 973 AD - two years before his death - that he
organised a solemn coronation (lễ đăng quang) and
anointing (xức dầu Thành).
975 Edward, oldest son of Edgar crowned King of England.

He was not popular and was treacherously murdered at
Corfe in Dorset three years later.
978 Edward's half-brother Æthelred becomes the new king.
1013
Swein Forkbeard, son of the Danish king Harold
Bluetooth,forces Æthelred the Unready into exile
England now under Danish control.
1016 King Canute of Denmark captures the English Crown
1042
August: Edward the Confessor (Edward II) becomes king

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
of England
1055 Westminster Abbey is completed
1055
6 January: Edward the Confessor dies and is succeed
by Harold Godwinson
Harold, earl of Wessex, was crowned king of England on
6 January 1066. He was immediately faced with
powerful threats from William, duke of Normandy, and
Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, both of whom laid
claim to the English throne.
Norman Britain - The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages (Thời Trung cổ) in Britain cover a huge period. They take us
from the shock of the french flag Norman Conquest, which began in 1066, to the
devasting Black Death (cái chết đên) of 1348, the Hundred Years' War with France
and the War of the Roses, which finally ended in 1485.
The Normans built impressive castles, imposed a feudal system and carried out a
census of the country.
1066 September: Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, invades

England
20 September: He defeats the English at the Battle of

Fulford
1066 Saxon victory over invading Vikings at the Battle

of Stamford Bridge
Harold II defeats and kills Harald Hardrada
1066
28 September: William of Normandy lands at Pevensey

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
on the south coast of England
1066 14 October: The invading Normans defeat the

Saxons at the The Battle of Hastings
William of Normandy defeats and kills Harold II with a
lucky shot and becomes King of England - Norman
Conquest
1066
25 December: William of Normandy is

crowned king William I of England
1070
First Norman stone castle is built in Wales

The Normans quickly advanced into Wales, using
castles to subdue the surrounding countryside.
1070 Work starts on Canterbury Cathedral
1077
Bayeux Tapestry illustrating the Battle of Hastings is

completed
The Bayeux Tapestry is the primary visual source for
the Battle of Hastings and the most important pictorial
document of the 11th century.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1078
Work starts on The

Tower of London
1080 - 1100 Great monastery and cathedral building begins
1085 The Domesday Book is compiled, a complete

inventory of Britain
It was the most complete record of any country at that
time and remains a legally valid document.
1087
9 September: William the Conqueror dies at Rouen,

Normandy
1087
26 September: William II is crowned at

Westminster Abbey
William Rufus, second son of William the Conqueror
1091
July: Malcolm Canmore, King of Scotland,

unsuccessfully invades England
Malcom was killed in an ambush by Robert de
Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, in 1093.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1093
16 November: Margaret, Queen of Scotland, dies at

Edinburgh Castle
Margaret was the daughter of Edward the Ætheling, an
Anglo-Saxon claimant to the English throne in 1066.
She fled to Scotland after the Norman conquest and
married Malcolm Canmore (Malcolm III) of Scotland in
about 1070.
1096
Oxford University is founded
1100
2 August: William II is killed while hunting in the New

Forest
William's brother had himself rapidly crowned Henry I.
1100
5 August: Henry I is crowned in

Westminster Abbey
1110
25 July 1110 Henry I of England marries his daughter

Matilda to the German emperor, Henry V. She was only
eight years old.
1120
25 November Henry I's only son, William, drowns while

returning from Normandy to England on the 'White
Ship'. The succession is thrown into crisis.
1126
25 December: Henry I settles the accession on his

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
daughter, Matilda
1135
22 December Stephen (Henry's nephew) is

crowned king after the death of Henry I in Normandy
instead of Matilda. Many considered a woman unfit to
rule and further resentment was generated by her
marriage into the Anjou family in 1127.
1139
30 September 1139 Matilda lands at Arundel, West

Sussex, to claim the throne of England. A long civil war
followed, but neither side was strong enough for
outright victory.
1148 Matilda withdrew to France, leaving Stephen as king

but with only nominal control over a country where
lawlessness was rife.
1153
May 1152 Henry of Anjou (Matilda's son and the future

Henry II of England) marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. The
marriage brought a vast area of France into Henry's
possession.
1153
24 May: David I, King of Scotland, dies

David I had succeeded to the throne of Scotland in
1124.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1154
19 December Henry II, the first 'Plantagenet'

king, accedes to the throne
He was not only king of England, but also ruled over
most of Wales, Normandy, Anjou, Gascony and other
parts of France (acquired through his marriage to
Eleanor of Aquitaine). Henry, son of Empress Matilda,
established stability after civil war between his mother
and her rival Stephen. He asserted his authority over
the barons and enforced law and governance. Regular
financial rolls of government began in his reign.
1154 Work starts on York Minster
1170 Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a Becket is

murdered by the knights of Henry II. Thomas Becket
had been Henry's close friend and his chancellor. But
when Henry appointed him archbishop of Canterbury in
1162, Becket began to take the side of the Church
against the king, and the two quarrelled.
1170 Population of London exceeds 30,000 for the first

time
1174 Work starts on Wells Cathedral
1189
6 July: Henry II dies and is succeeded by

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
his son Richard I
1190
Richard I joins the Third Crusade

The Crusades were a series of nine religious wars
waged from 1095 to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy
Land from Islamic rule. Richard raised taxes, sold
assets and emptied the treasury to raise funds for his
army.
1199
Richard I dies and is succeeded by his

brother John
1209
University at Cambridge is established

A group of scholars migrated from the established
centre of learning at Oxford to Cambridge, where they
set up a new university.
1215 Civil War
1215
15 June The Magna Carta is signed by King John

and his barons at Runnymede on the River Thames.
1216
28 October: Henry III is crowned king of

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
England
1220 Work starts on Salisbury
1245
Henry III begins to rebuild Westminster Abbey

The first abbey at Westminster was built by Edward the
Confessor in the 1040s in the Romanesque style.
Henry III ordered the rebuilding of the abbey in a
Gothic style, with a central shrine to honour Edward
the Confessor.
1272
20 November: Henry III dies and is

succeeded by his son Edward
He was crowned Edward I in August 1274.
1282 - 1283
Edward I conquers Wales. Llywelyn ap Gruffyd,

the country's last prince is killed
1290
July: Edward I expels all Jews from England
1296 Edward I invades Scotland and takes the Stone

of Destiny from Scone to Westminster
1297 September: The Battle of Stirling Bridge

The Scots under William Wallace defeat the English
1298 July: The Battle of Falkirk. King Edward defeats

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Wallace.
1301 Edward I makes his eldest son, also Edward, prince of

Wales, a title the eldest son of the English monarch
continues to take to this day.
1305
23 August: Scottish rebel William Wallace is executed

by the English
1306 Robert Bruce crowned King of the Scots
1307
7 July: Edward I dies and is succeeded by

his son Edward II
Two years after Edward's accession, he married
Isabella, daughter of the French king.
1314 Scots led by Robert the Bruce defeat the English

at the battle of Bannockburn
1315 - 1322
1315 - 1322 Millions die in the Great European Famine

The famine was the product of a cooler and damper
climate, coupled with the medieval inability to dry and
store grain effectively.
1321-1322 Civil War
1336
September: Isabella invades England and overthrows

Edward II
Edward II's wife, Isabella, had left England for France

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
in 1325 on the pretext of helping to settle a dispute

over territory. But she had been badly treated by
Edward's favourites, the Despensers, and declined to
return. Instead, she remained in Paris, where she
found a lover, Roger Mortimer. In 1326, she returned
to England with a large force, whereupon the king's
supporters deserted him. Edward was captured, as
were the Despensers who were executed in the
autumn of the same year.
1327
20 January: Edward II is murdered

and Edward III becomes king
Edward II abdicated in favour of his son. He was later
murdered at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire on the
orders of Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer.
Isabella and her lover Mortimer ruled while her son
Edward III was in his minority (too young).
1330 Edward now 17 assumes Royal Powers, arrests and

executes Mortimer and puts his mother under life time
house arrest.
1337 - 1453 Hundred Years' War with France

The 'Hundred Years' War' is the name historians have
given to a series of related conflicts fought over the
course of more than a century between England and
France.
1337 King Edward claims the Throne of France
1348 - 1349 The Black Death (bubonic plague) arrives in

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
England and kills nearly half of the population
1356
19 September: Edward the 'Black Prince' (Edward III's

son) defeats and captures John II, King of France
1377
22 June: Edward III dies and is succeeded by

Richard II
Edward III's eldest son, Edward the 'Black Prince', had
died in 1376, so the succession passed to Edward's
grandson, Richard II, who was only 10 years old. In
the first part of his reign, because he was so young,
the country was ruled by his uncle, John of
Gaunt whose son Henry Bolingbroke eventually
murdered Richard and became king as Henry IV.
1381
15 June: Peasants' Revolt

In the aftermath of the catastrophic Black Death,
agricultural workers were in demand but landlords
were reluctant to pay higher wages or allow migration
for work. Coupled with heavy taxation and an
unpopular government, it caused an uprising. The
rebels converged on London. The Tower of London was
stormed and prominent individuals were executed.
After rebel leader Wat Tyler was killed, Richard II
successfully defused the situation by promising
concessions. Reprisals followed instead.
1387 Geoffrey Chaucer starts writing the Canterbury Tales

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1399
30 September: Henry IV is proclaimed

king of England
1413
St Andrews is established as the first Scottish

university
1413
20 March: Henry IV dies and is succeeded by

his son, Henry V
1415
25 October: Henry V defeats the French at the Battle

of Agincourt
1422
31 August: Henry V dies suddenly, leaving

his son Henry VI, who was less than a year old and
now king of England and France under the terms of the
Treaty of Troyes (1420). He is today still the
youngest ever king of England.
England was ruled by a Regency Council. In France,

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
the king's uncle, John, Duke of Bedford, gradually

extended English control. Henry VI of England was
crowned king of France in Paris in December 1431.
1437
Henry VI assumes power as king of England

Henry VI, who had acceded to the throne before his
first birthday, was now considered old enough to rule
for himself.
1453 The Hundred Years War against France ends
1453 Henry was often very ill during his reign. In 1453, the
king had a mental breakdown and Richard, Duke of
York, was made protector until Henry briefly recovered
1455
22 May: Civil War: The War of the Roses begin with

first Battle of St Albans
York was then driven out by Henry VI's wife, Margaret.
York marched on London and defeated Henry's
supporters (the Lancastrians) at St Albans. This
relatively small battle marks the beginning of a civil
war between two branches of the royal family - York
and Lancaster - that lasted intermittently until 1485.
The Duke of York was the main figure on the Yorkist

side and Margaret, Henry's queen, took charge of the
Lancastrian cause.
1461
29 March: Lancastrians are defeated at

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Towton and Edward IV (Duke of York's son) is

proclaimed king. Henry VI and Margaret flee to
Scotland.
Edward was crowned in June 1461.
1470
30 October 1470 Henry VI is briefly restored

to the throne
1471
4 May 1471 Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians

and kill Edward, Prince of Wales
and heir of Henry VI. Henry VI himself survived little
more than a fortnight after the battle. He was
murdered, probably in the Tower of London, on 21 May
1471. Edward IV was king of England again.
1477
William Caxton publishes the first printed book in

England
1483
9 April: Edward IV dies and is succeeded by

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
his 12-year-old son, Edward V

Edward’s uncle, his father’s brother Richard, Duke of
Gloucester, was named protector. Gloucester met the
new king on his journey to London and when they
reached the capital, lodged him in the Tower of London
with his younger brother, also called Richard. In June
the boys were declared illegitimate. It was alleged that
their father's marriage to their mother, Elizabeth
Woodville, had been invalid.
1483
July 1483 Richard III becomes king and the

'Princes in the Tower' disappear
Both his nephews, the 12-year-old Edward V and his
brother, were not seen alive after this time. They had
been imprisoned in the Tower of London and were
presumed murdered, although it is not clear who was
responsible.
1485
22 August Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the

Battle of Bosworth
Tudor Dynasty 1485 - 1603

The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled (cai trị) England from 1485 to
1603. They came to power as a result of the victory of Henry VII over Yorkist king
Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The Tudor dynasty (triều đại) ended
when Henry's grand-daughter Elizabeth I died childless. The Throne passed to their
cousins, the Scottish Stuarts, unifying (thống nhất) Engalnd and Scotland.
1485
22 August: Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
the Battle of Bosworth.
1485
30 October: Henry Vll crowned at
Westminster Abbey
January: Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the

1486
two houses and ending the Wars of the Roses.
1487 17 June: Henry VII defeats a pretender to his throne at

the Battle of Stoke
John Cabot sailed from Bristol aboard the 'Matthew' and

1497
discovered North America
2 April: Arthur, Prince of Wales dies, leaving his

1502 widow, Catherine of Aragon
With the heir to the throne now dead, the 11-year old
Henry, Duke of York, became first in line to the throne.
8 August: James IV of Scotland marries Margaret,

daughter of Henry VII of England. Although this
1503 meant peace between the two countries, the marriage
also gives James IV's descendents a claim to the English
throne.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1509
21 April: Henry VII dies and is succeeded by
his younger son Henry VIII
Two months after he became king, he married his
brother's Spanish widow, Catherine of Aragon.
9 September: James IV of Scotland is defeated and

1513 killed at the Battle of Flodden Field. While Henry
VIII's forces were campaigning against the French king
Louis XII, James IV of Scotland invaded England.
1515 Thomas Wolsey becomes a cardinal and Lord Chancellor
Thomas Wolsey is made papal legate, making him

1518 effectively head of the English church. He was the most
powerful man in England after the king.
June: Henry VIII meets Francis I of France at the 'Field

of the Cloth of Gold'
The first meeting of Henry VIII and Francis I of France
took place just outside the English-held town of Guines
1521 near Calais, France. In a fortnight of ceremonies and
entertainments, the English and French kings attempted
to outshine each other with extravagant clothes and
jewels, lavish tents and spectacular feasts, jousts and
games.
1521
17 October: The pope grants Henry VIII the title
'Defender of the Faith'
Pope Leo X conferred the title on Henry for his book

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
'Assertio Septem Sacramentorum' (Defence of the

Seven Sacraments), which affirmed the supremacy of
the pope.
1528 Henry VIII appeals to the pope to annul his marriage so

that he could marry Ann Boleyn instead.
1528 29 February: First Protestant martyr is burned in

Scotland
Thomas Wolsey, unable to arrange the king's divorce

1530 from Catherine of Aragon, was stripped of his offices
and died on his way to face a charge of treason.
January: Henry VIII commands Archbishop of

Canterbury Thomas Cranmer to declare the marriage to
1533 Catherine of Aragon void on the grounds that the union
was illegitimate because Catherine was his brother's
widow.
1533 25 January: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn,

following divorce from Catherine of Aragon
1533 September: Anne Boleyn gives birth to Elizabeth
November: Act of Supremacy makes Henry head of the

English church
1534 Henry VIII formed the 'Church of England separating
England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry himself
was never a Protestant, but the break with Rome was a
huge encouragement to Protestants in England.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
6 July: Former Chancellor Sir Thomas More is

executed for treason for refusing to swear to the Act of
1534 Succession (which made Ann Boleyn's daughter
Elizabeth heir to the throne) because its preface
undermined the authority of the pope.
Act of Union joined England and

1536 Wales
The Laws in Wales Acts of 1535 and 1542 attempted to
regularise the relationship between the two nations, by
introducing the English legal system in Wales. English
became the official language of administration.
1536
- Destruction or closure of 560 monasteries and religious
1540 houses
1536 Henry VIII's second wife Anne Boleyn is executed
Eleven days after the execution of his second wife, Anne

1536
Boleyn, Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour.
1536 4 August Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer

receives the first Bible in English
12 October: A male heir, Edward, is born to Henry

1537 VIII and Jane Seymour
Henry was shattered by her death shortly after Edward's
birth.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1541 Henry VIII changes his title from Lord of Ireland to King
of Ireland
1542 Mary, Queen of Scots laid claim to the English throne
1547
28 January: Henry VIII dies and is succeeded

by nine-year-old Edward VI
6 July: Edward VI dies and is succeeded by Lady Jane

Grey
1553 Four days after Edward died, Jane was proclaimed
queen, but widespread popular support for Mary ensured
her reign lasted only a matter of days.
1553 19 July: Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and

Catherine of Aragon, becomes queen
Mary was the first woman to be crowned monarch of
England in her own right. A devout Catholic, she was
determined to halt the growth of Protestantism initiated
by her father, and return England to Roman Catholicism.
1554 25 July: Mary marries Philip of Spain despite widespread

opposition

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
21 March: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas

Cranmer is burnt for heresy
1556 Thomas Cranmer, who had approved the divorce of
Henry VIII from Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon,
went to the stake the following March.
1558 7 January: England's last French possession, Calais, is

lost
1558
17 November Mary dies and Elizabeth

I accedes to the throne
1559 24 June: Book of Common Prayer becomes the only

legal form of worship
Sir Francis Drake set sails for his first voyage to the
1570
West Indies
15 November: Sir Francis Drake set sails in his

1577 flagship 'Pelican' - soon renamed 'Golden Hind' to
circumnavigate the world.
1580 c. 26 September: Francis Drake arrives at Plymouth

after circumnavigating the world
1587 8 February: Mary Stuart (Mary I of Scotland) is executed

when found guilty of treason to kill Elizabeth

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
The English defeats the Spanish Armada at the Battle of

1588
Gravelines
1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare
First British involvement in the Indian continent - East

1600 India Company formed.
Population of Britain just over 4 million
Stuart Britain 1603 - 1714

The Stuart (Stewart) dynasty ruled flag Scotland (1371 - 1714) and flag England
(1603 - 1714), with an interregnum (quốc kỳ) (1249 - 60). This is the period in
British history when a king was executed (bị xử tử)!
In 1707, England and Scotland officially became one country - Great Britain
James II, tried to make England a catholic (công giáo) country again (the religion
of his wife) Parliament did not like this and replaced him with Dutch Prostestant
King William III who was married to Mary daughter of James II.
After the last Stewart monarch (Queen Anne) the Hanoverian dynasty (invited by a
group of leading Britons) took over thus ensuring a Prostestant succession (sự kế
vị).
1603
24 March James VI of Scotland

crowned James I of England uniting the two
kingdoms. James's accession meant that the three
separate kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland
were now united, for the first time, under a single
monarch.
1604
August - James I ends the war with Spain

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
The long war with Spain had continued intermittently

for 20 years. England and Spain were now at peace
for the next 50 years.
1604 James styles himself as King of Great Britain
1605
5 November - Gunpowder Plot to assassinate James I
is discovered
Guy Fawkes is thwarted when he tried to blow up
Parliament.
1606 The Union Flag adopted as the National Flag
1607 First permanent British colony in North America.

Jamestown in Virginia, founded by Captain John
Smith
1611 King James Bible is published
1613
14 February - James I's daughter Elizabeth marries
Frederick V, Elector Palatine. It was through
Elizabeth's descendants that the House of
Hanover came to inherit the English throne after the
Stuarts.
1616 23 April - William Shakespeare dies
1620 August - The Pilgrim Fathers set sail for New

England from Plymouth, aboard the 'Mayflower' to
escape religious persecution in England.
1624-
War with Spain
1630

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1625
27 March - James I dies and his

son Charles I accedes to the throne
1625
14 May - Barbados comes under British control
Captain John Powell landed in Barbados in 1625 and
claimed the island as a British Caribbean colony.
1626-
War with France
1629
1629 Charles I dissolves parliament and begins 11

years of personal rule
1640
13 April - 'Short Parliament' opens at Westminster
Desperate for money to fight the Scots, Charles I
was forced to summon a new parliament. Only open
a month before Charles dissolved it.
1640
28 August - Scots defeat the English at Newburn on
the River Tyne
1640
3 November -'Long Parliament' opens at Westminster
With the Scottish army firmly established in Northern
England and refusing to leave until its expenses had
been paid, Charles I was again forced to summon a
parliament. Many of the members of parliament
voiced angry complaints against his policies.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1641
October - Rebellion breaks out in Ireland
Several thousand English and Scottish Protestant
settlers were killed and many more were forced to
flee.
1642
4 January - Charles I tries to arrest five leading
members of parliament
Fearing that his opponents in parliament were not
only determined to seize political control, but also to
impeach his Catholic wife, Henrietta Maria, Charles I
marched into the House of Commons and attempted
to arrest five leading members of parliament.
Forewarned, they slipped away and Charles was
forced to leave empty-handed.
1642
22 August- Civil War begins as Charles I raises his
standard at Nottingham
1642 23 October - Royalist and Parliamentarian armies

clash at Edgehill, Warwickshire
1643 25 September - Parliamentarians enter into an

alliance with the Scots
1646
5 May - Charles I surrenders to the Scots
1649 30 January - Charles I is executed at Whitehall,

London
1649-
Cromwell's conquest of Ireland No
1650
monarch
1650- Cromwell's conquest of Scotland
1652

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1651
1 January 1651 Charles II is crowned
king of Scotland
1651
3 September Oliver Cromwell defeats
Charles II at the Battle of Worcester
1652 Tea arrived in Britain

England
1653 16 December - Oliver Cromwell makes became a
himself Lord Protector Republic for
Cromwell’s self-appointment as 'Lord eleven years
Protector' gave him powers akin to a from 1649 -
monarch. His continuing popularity with 1660
the army propped up his regime.
1660
Restoration of the Monarchy under King

Charles II
1660 1 January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary
1664 - 29 May - The Great Plague of London killed more

1665 than 100,000 people died. By the time the epidemic
finished in December 1665, a quarter of the capital's
inhabitants had perished.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1666
Great Fire of London raged from 2 - 5 September

destroying two-thirds of the city
1667
June - Dutch ships attack the English fleet in the
River Medway
1677
4 November - Mary Stuart marries William of
Orange, Charles I's grandson
Mary Stuart was the elder daughter of Charles II's
brother, James, Duke of York (James II). Her
marriage in 1677 to the Dutch Protestant Prince
William of Orange, himself the grandson of Charles I,
strengthened William's claim to the English throne.
1685
6 February 1685 Charles II dies and his

brother James II accedes to the throne
James II suspends parliament indefinitely

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1687-
James II attempts to re-catholicize England
1688
1688 10 June - Birth of a Catholic male heir, James

Edward Stewart sparks popular outrage. Many of
James II's opponents, furious that their Catholic king
now had a male heir, denounced the infant as an
imposter, and claimed that the baby had been
smuggled into the queen's bedroom in a warming-
pan.
1688- The Glorious Revolution - the overthrow of King

1689 James the II, the crowning of William of Orange and
his wife Mary II, and the final recognition of
parliament supremacy.
1689
13 February William of Orange

(William II) and his wife Mary II proclaimed king
and queen
1689 16 December English Bill of rights 1689

From now on England's monarchs ruled in
partnership with Parliament.
1690
1 July - William III defeats James II at the Battle of
the Boyne, Ireland
1692 William III massacres the Jacobites at Glencoe
1694
Bank of England is established to manage mounting
debts

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1694
December 1694 Mary dies, leaving William III to rule
alone
William III's wife Mary died at the age of 32 leaving
no children.
1701 English Act of Settlement secures the Postestant

Succession placing the House of Hanover in line for
the English throne
1702
8 March - William III dies and his sister-in-

law Anne accedes to the throne
William III died two weeks after being thrown from
his horse when it tripped over a molehill in Hyde
Park, London.
1707
England and Scotland officially became one
country - Great Britain
The Scottish parliament was dissolved and England
and Scotland became one country - Great Britain
Act of Union between Scotland and

England - part of the Union flag story
1710 St Paul's Cathderal, London, completed by Sir

Christopher Wren
1711 First race meeting held at Ascot

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1714
1 August - Anne dies and George

I accedes to the throne
Anne, the last Stuart monarch, died at Kensington
Palace in London aged 49. None of her children
survived her, so under the terms of the Act of
Succession of 1701 she was succeeded by George,
Elector of Hanover, who was proclaimed as George I.
He was the first of the Hanoverian monarchs.
Georgian Britain (Hanovarian)

By the Act of Succession (Đạo luật Kế vị) of 1701, on the death of Queen Anne the
throne (ngai vàng) passed to her nearest Prostestant relative. This proved to be
George, Elector of Hanover german flag (Tuyển hầu tước cờ Đức), the great-
grandson (chắt) of James I.
During this period the United Kingdom is created when Great Britain (England,
Scotland and Wales) and Ireland are formally joined under the Act of Union (Đạo
Liên minh) in 1801.
Georgian Britain
1714
George of Hanover, Germany succeeds Queen Anne

to the Throne

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1721 - Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime

1742 Minister
1727
11 January George I dies and is succeeded

by his son George II
1739
19 October Britain declares war on Spain
1740 - British naval commander George Anson sails around

1744 the world
1742 13 April Handel's 'Messiah' gets its first performance,

in Dublin
1743
27 June George II becomes the last British monarch
to take part in a battle when he commanded the
British Army at the Battle of Dettingen
1745
23 July 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' lands in Scotland to
claim the British throne
Charles Edward Stuart, or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', was
the grandson of the deposed James II.
1746 16 April 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' is defeated at

the Battle of Culloden
1756-
May 1756 The Seven Year War with France begins
1763

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1757 First canal in Britain is completed
1759 James Wolfe captures Quebec and adds Canada to the

British Empire
Robert Clive brings India under British rule
1760
25 October George III succeeds his

grandfather George II
1769 James Cook becomes the first European to land on

New Zealand
1770 James Cook 'discovers' the south east coast of

Australia, landing in Botany Bay.
1771
'Factory Age' begins with the opening of Britain's first
cotton mill
1773
16 December Boston Tea Party
1775
18 April American War of Independence begins
1776 America declares independence from Britain on July 4

1776
1778 Parliament passes the Catholic Relief Act, which

removes many of the traditional restrictions on
Catholics in Britain.
1779 World's first cast iron bridge built in Ironbridge,

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
England
1780'
Industrial Revolution begins
s
1780
2 - 11 June Gordon Riots break out in protest against
the Catholic Relief Act
These were amongst the worst riots in English history.
1783 Steam powered cotton mill invented by Sir Richard

Arkwright
1787 13 May First fleet of convicts sails to Australia
1788 1 January First edition of 'The Times' of London is

published
1789 14 July French Revolution begins with the storming

of the Bastille
1793
1 February Britain goes to war with France
War continued until the final defeat of Napoleon at the
Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
1796 Edward Jenner invents a vaccination against small pox
1800
1 January Act of Union creates the United
Kingdom
Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and
Ireland were formally joined under the Act of Union to
create the United Kingdom in 1801.
1801 The first census. Population of Britain 8 million

Ireland made part of the United Kingdom

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1801
10 March Britain holds its first census
1804 Richard Trevithick builds the first steam locomotive
1805 21 October Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle

of Trafalgar
1807
25 March Britain abolishes the slave trade
1815 18 June Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at

the Battle of Waterloo
1820
29 January George III dies after occupying

the throne for 60 years and is succeeded by his
son George IV.
1825
27 September World's first steam locomotive
passenger service opens between Stockton and
Darlington
1829 June 1829 - Robert Peel set up the Metropolitan Police

force
1830

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
26 June George IV dies and is succeeded by his

brother William IV
1831 October - Riots break out over the parliamentary

Reform Bill
1832
4 June Great Reform Act changes parliamentary
representation
The Great Reform Act made important changes to
parliamentary constituencies and extended the
franchise (those allowed to vote), but did not
introduce parliamentary democracy or a secret ballot.
1833
Factory Act restricts work hours for women and
children
Under the terms of the act, mill owners were required
to show that children up to age 13 received two hours
of schooling, six days per week.
1833
31 July Parliament passes a bill to abolish slavery in
the British empire
1834 The Poor Law set up workhouses, where people

without homes or jobs could live in return for doing
unpaid work.
Victorian Britain - 1837 to 1901.

Victoria reigned (trị vì) for more than 60 years, longer than any other British
monarch (quốc vương). Her reign (triều đại) was a period of significant social,
economic and technological change, which saw the expansion of Britain's
industrial power and of the British empire.20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert.
In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived
in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.
1837
Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 18

after the death of her uncle, William IV.
1838
Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' is published
1838
1 August: Slavery is abolished in the British
empire
In 1834, slaves in the British empire started a
period of 'apprenticeship', during which they were
obliged to work without pay for their former
owners. When the apprenticeship period ended in
1838, over 700,000 slaves were freed in the British
Caribbean. Plantation owners received about £20
million in government compensation for the loss of
their slaves. The former slaves received nothing.
1838
17 September: London-Birmingham line opens.
It was the first railway line into London, with
passengers disembarking in the newly-designed
Euston station.
1840
10 January: The first postage stamps (Penny Post)
comes into use

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1840
June: Vaccination for the poor is introduced
1842
June: Income tax is introduced for the first time
during peacetime
Income tax was levied at a rate of 7d (three pence)
in the pound.
1842 Mines Act ends child labour
1845 - Ireland suffers the Great Potato Famine when

1849 entire crops of potatoes, the staple Irish food, are
ruined. The famine was a consequence of the
appearance of blight, the potato fungus. About
800,000 people died as a result of the famine. A
large number of people migrated to Britain, the
United States, Canada and Australia.
1850s The first post boxes were built
1851 1 May: The Great Exhibition opens

Census showed just over half of Britain's population
(of 20 million) lived in towns
1854- Crimean War

1856 The Crimean War was fought between the Russians
and an alliance of the British, French and Turks who
feared Russian expansion in the Balkans.
1854 A cholera epidemic led to demands for a clean

water supply and proper sewage systems in the big
cities
1856 Britain defeats Russia in the Crimean War
1857 The Indian Mutiny

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1858 India came under direct British government control

when the remaining authority of the East India
Company was dissolved.
1859
Charles Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species' is
published
1860 The first public flushing toilet opens
1861 14 December: Victoria's husband, Prince Albert,

dies aged 42
Albert's premature death from typhoid plunged
Victoria into a long period of mourning and
withdrawal from public life.
1862 The first London trams
1863 London Underground opens

The foundation of the Football Association
1866 Alice in Wonderland
1868 Joseph Lister discovers disinfectant
1868 The last public hanging
The first Sainsbury's shop open in Dury Lane,

1869 London
1870 Education Act means school for everyone
1871 Queen Victoria opens the Albert Hall

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1872
18 July: Voting by secret ballot is introduced
1876
1 May: Victoria is declared empress of India
1876 Alexander Bell invented the telephone

Primary education was made compulsory
1877 The first public electric lighting in London
1880
2 August: Education becomes compulsory for
children under ten
1881
17 January: Sir William Armstrong's home at
Cragside in Rothbury (Northumberland) becomes
the first to use electric light.
Swan's new electric lamps were powered by water
from a local stream through a dynamo-electric
generator.
1883 First electric railway
1887 The invention of the gramophone
1891 Free education for every child
1901 Population of Britain 40 million

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1901
22 January: Victoria dies and is succeeded

by Edward VII
Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight
at the age of 81.
Twentieth Century Britain
Modern Britain
1901
22 January: Victoria dies and is

succeeded by her eldest son Edward VII
1902 Britain defeats Dutch settlers in Boer War in

South Africa
1902 The first old age pension
1908
27 April: Olympic Games opens at White City in
London
They featured 22 nations, 110 events and more

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
than 2,000 athletes.
1908
27 October: Parliament approves old age
pensions
New legislation gave a weekly means-tested
pension of a maximum of five shillings to all
those aged over 70.
1910
6 May: Edward VII dies and is

succeeded by George V
1911
December 191: National Insurance Act
A contributory scheme of health insurance is
introduced for those in employment, which
provided payment for medical treatment.
1912
15 April: 'Titanic' sinks with the loss of 1,503
lives
1914 - First World War

1918 4 August 1914: Britain declares war on Germany
in response to the invasion of Belgium
Compulsory military service and food rationing
introduced
1918 6 February: Limited numbers of women are given

the vote for the first time

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
The Representation of the People Act

enfranchised all men over the age of 21, and
propertied women over 30.
1918 - 1
919 May 'Spanish flu' epidemic killed more than
200,000 people in Britain and up to 50 million
worldwide.
1918
11 November: World War One ends when
Germany signs an armistice
that brought the fighting on the Western Front to
a halt at 11am on 11 November 1918.
1919
1 December 1919 Lady Astor becomes the first
woman to take her seat in parliament
1919
23 December Exclusion of women from many
jobs is made illegal
Women could now become magistrates, solicitors
and barristers.
1920
Women at Oxford University are allowed to
receive degrees
Although women had been able to attend degree
level courses, they could not receive degrees
until 1920.
1920 Republic of Ireland gains independence
1920
26 January: John Logie Baird gives the first

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
public demonstration of television. It was not

until after the World War Two that televisions
became widely available.
1927
1 January: British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) is created
1928
7 May: All women over the age of 21 get the
vote
1928
September: The first 'talkie' (film with dialogue)
is shown in Britain
Cinema-going was immensely popular during the
1920s and 1930s and virtually every town,
suburb and major housing development had at
least one cinema.
1928
30 September: Alexander Fleming discovers
penicillin
1936
20 January: George V dies and is

succeeded by Edward VIII
1936
5 October: Jarrow men march 300 miles to
London to highlight poverty and mass
unemployment (as high as 70%) in the north

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
east of England
1936
10 December: Edward VIII abdicates in order
to marry Wallace Simpson
Edward VIII wished to marry American Wallis
Simpson. Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised
him that the British people would not accept her
because she was a divorcee. Faced with losing
the woman he loved, Edward chose instead to
abdicate. On 11 December, he broadcast his
decision to the nation. He married Wallace
Simpson in France in June 1937. They became
the Duke and Duchess of Windsor.
1937
12 May 1937 George VI, Edward

VIII's younger brother, the Duke of York, is
crowned king
1937
29 December: New constitution makes Ireland a
republic in all but name
1937 Sir Frank Whittle invents the Jet Engine
1939 - The Second World War

1945
3 September 1939: Britain declares war on
Germany in response to the invasion of Poland

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1940
10 May: Winston Churchill becomes prime
minister of the coalition government
1940
May: Butler Act creates free secondary
education to the age of 15
1945
8 May: Britain celebrates the end of war
on Victory in Europe Day
1945
15 August: Victory over Japan Day marks
the end of World War Two
1947
15 August: India gains independence from Britain
1948
Post-war immigration from the Commonwealth
begins
1948 5 July: Introduction of the National Health

Service
1948
29 July: Olympic Games open at Wembley
Stadium in London
Fifty nine nations took part, but the defeated
powers of Germany and Japan were excluded.
1948
18 April: Republic of Ireland comes into
being
1951 3 May Festival of Britain is opened by George

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
VI
1952
6 February: Elizabeth II succeeds her

father, George VI
1953 2 June Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
1953
25 April: Watson and Crick publish their
discovery of the structure of DNA
1955
22 September: Commercial television starts with
the first ITV broadcast
1956
17 October: Britain switches on its first nuclear
power station - Calder Hall
1957
6 March: Ghana becomes the first British colony
in Africa to gain independence
1958
5 December: The first Motorway, the M6 Preston
bypass, opens.
1959 M1 opens from Watford to Birmingham.
1964 The BBC starts broadcasting a second channel,

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
BBC Two
1965
12 July: Comprehensive education system is
introduced
1965
8 November: Death penalty is abolished
The death sentence for treason and piracy with
violence remained on the statue books until 1998
when they were abolished by the Crime and
Disorder Act.
1967
Abortion and homosexuality are legalised
1969
2 March: Concorde, the world's first supersonic
airliner, makes its maiden flight
1971
15 February: Decimalised currency replaces
'pounds, shillings and pence'
1973 1 January: Britain joins the European

Economic Community
1978
25 July: World's first test-tube baby is born in
Oldham
1979 3 May: Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's

first woman prime minister
1982 Channel 4 starts broadcasting giving Britain it's

fourth television station

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
1982 2 April Falklands War

Argentina invades the British territory of the
Falkland Islands
1984
12 March: 12-month 'Miners' Strike' over pit
closures begins
1984
Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web
1991 Gulf War
1991 Sir Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide Web
1992
6 May: Channel Tunnel opens, linking London and
Paris by rail
1994 Channel Tunnel links Britain back to the

European continent
1994 First women priests are ordained by the Church

of England
1994
1 July: Britain hands Hong Kong back to China,
after more than 150 years of British rule
1997 31 August: Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in a car

crash in Paris
Welsh national assembly and Scottish

1999 parliament
2003 The Second Gulf War

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
2005
December: Civil partnerships give same-sex
couples legal rights
Quiz
1. Where was Stonehenge built?
A. Salisbury Pain
B. Amesbury
C. Sha昀琀esbury
2. What was the Hadrian's Wall built by the Romans for?
A. To protect Britannia (English-Sco琀�sh border) from the Scots and the Picts.
B. To mark it as a special building at the 琀椀me.
C. They want to create the founda琀椀on of a modern system.
3. What was one of the e昀昀ects of the German invasions on the countryside?
A. New farming methods
B. Founded thousands of self-su昀케cient villages
C. both answers
4. Where does the Roman province of Britannia cover most of the place today?
A. England and Scotland
B. Wales and Scotland
C. England and Wales
5. Which of these place names is of partly Roman origin?
A. Birmingham
B. Leeds
C. Manchester
6. Which people se琀琀led in large numbers in Britain?
A. The Anglo-Saxons
B. The Normans
C. The Romans
7. In which century was the last ba琀琀le to be fought on Bri琀椀sh soil?
A. The seventeenth
B. The eighteenth
C. The nineteenth

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
8. In what part of England is Wessex?
A. The north-West
B. The North-East
C. The South-West
9. What is the reason why Britain is being watched later than other lands?
A. Geographically separate from other regions
B.The Britain is basically mo琀椀onless
C. A&B
10. How many troops did the Roman Empire land on the Bri琀椀sh island?
A. 1-2 thousand troops
B. 4-5 thousand troops
C. 3-4 thousand troops
11. Who was the protector of England against Saxon invasion in the early 6th century?
A. King Arthur
B. Duke William
C. King Henry II
12. What event happened on October 14, 1066?
A. A large part of eastem Ireland was controlled by Anglo Norman
B. The Ba琀琀le of Has琀椀ngs between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy,
and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson
C. Harold was forced to march south swi昀琀ly, gathering forces as he went
13. When was Stonehenge built?
A. Some 琀椀me between 2000 and 1000 BC
B. Some 琀椀me between 2500 and 1500 BC
C. Some 琀椀me between 2500 and 1000 BC
14. Places like Chester, Lancaster and Gloucester refer to the presence of which period?

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
A. The Germanic invasions ( 410-1066)
B. The medieval period (1066-1485)
C. The Roman period (43-410)
15. Britain experienced another wave of Germanic invasions in the eight century. Which invaders
are they?
A. King Arthur, Norsemen or Danes
B. Vikings, Norsemen or Danes
C. Vikings, King Arthur or Danes
16. What dress and language did the Romans encourage for their way of life and culture?
A. Roman dress and the Roman language (La琀椀n)
B. Great Britain dress and the Roman language (La琀椀n)
C. Roman dress and the Welsh language
17. What did the Romans leave behind to form the basis of a modern system and a developed
language?
A. They bequeathed a system of security and administra琀椀on parts of Europe
B. They bequeathed a system of educa琀椀on and administra琀椀on parts of Europe
C. They bequeathed a system of law and administra琀椀on parts of Europe
18. Which statement in not TRUE when it comes to the poli琀椀cal independence of Scotland in the
lawland part up the country?
A. The Anglo-Saxon 11 here was strengthened by the arrival of many Saxon aristocrats 昀氀eeing
the Norman conquest of England
B. The Cel琀椀c kings saw that the adop琀椀on of an Anglo-Norman style of government would
strengthen royal power
C. The poli琀椀cal of Scotland prevented a gradual switch to English language and customs
19. What is the date on which an invading army from Nor-mandy defeated the English at the
Ba琀琀le of Has琀椀ngs?
A. On 13 October 1295
B. On 14 October 1066

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
C. On 13 October 1066
20. What wars did King Richard I spend most of his reign 昀椀gh琀椀ng in the cru-sades?
A. Between Chris琀椀ans and Muslims
B. Between Israel and Pales琀椀ne
C. Between Catholics and Huguenots
21. In what century did Britain experienced another German invasion?
A. 7th century
B. 8th century
C. 4th century
22. In the ninth century, what regions did they conquer and se琀琀le?
A. North and west of Scotland
B. South and west of Scotland
C. North and south of Scotland
23. During the Germanic invasions, which two tribes appeared?
A. Cel琀椀c and Saxons
B. Angles and Saxons
C. Saxons and Roman
HISTORY 2
1. What kind of serious epidemic appeared was in England in the 16th century?
A. The Bubonic plague
B. The Flu epidemic
C. The Cholera

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
2. The Bubonic Plague in England in the 16th century was mainly spread by what
kind of animal?
A. Insec琀椀vora
B. Roden琀椀a
C. Carnivore
3. What was Britain’s most chao琀椀c, craziest period?
A. XVI
B. XVII
C.XVIII
4. In what year did the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic
Church?
A. 1533
B. 1534
C. 1535
5. In what year did England have its 昀椀rst colony in North America,
Newfoundland?
A. 1581
B. 1582
C. 1583

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
6. The middle class (mainly Puritans) thrived under which king’s reign?
A. Henry VIII
B. James I & Charles I
C. Charles II
7. At the end of the Civil war in the 17th century, what punishment did Charles I
su昀昀er?
A. suicidal
B. exile
C. executed
8. In what year was the law of Succession (which s琀椀pulates that only Protestants
could inherit the throne) was implemented?
A. 1701
B. 1702
C. 1703
9. Victory over mighty Armada (Spain) 昀氀eet made Britain begin to become the
country with:
A. The greatest Ground Force
B. The greatest Air Force
C. The greatest Naval Force

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
10. In the 琀椀me of James I, what happened to England?
A. collec琀椀ng taxes indiscriminately, and without control
B. power is divided
C. A&B
11. At the end of the 70s of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th
century, Britain s琀椀ll dominated in terms of:
A. 昀椀nance, export capital, commerce, naval and colonial.
B. naval and commercial.
C. 昀椀nance and export capital.
D. mari琀椀me and commercial.
12. Since the late 70s, how has the Bri琀椀sh industry been?
A. Top of the world
B. Second in the world
C. Loss of monopoly posi琀椀on
D. The most backward in Europe
13. In which 昀椀eld is Britain self-su昀케cient in only one third of its needs?
A. Machines
B. Food

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
C. Currency
D. Steel output
14. At the end of the 70s of the nineteenth century – the beginning of the
twen琀椀eth century, which capitalist countries developed strongly and surpassed
England?
A. France, Germany
B. America, France
C. America, Germany
D. Japan, America
15. What are the characteris琀椀cs of Bri琀椀sh na琀椀onalism?
A. Colonial imperialism.
B. Usury imperialism.
C. Militaris琀椀c and belligerent imperialism.
D. All of the above characteris琀椀cs.
16. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has been a
member of the European Union since?
A. 1976
B. 1973
C. 1975
D. 1972

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
17. In 1914, World War I began, Great Britain fought with its allies gainst the
central powers led by which country?
A. Italia
B. Japan
C. Germany
D. America
18.Which person isn’t an ex prime-minister of the UK?
A. Gordon Brown
B. Margeret Thatcher
C. Winston Churchill
D. Simon Cowell
19. Britain’s na琀椀onal day is St George’s Day, celebrated every year on what
month?
A. July
B. August
C. February
D. April
20. In 1825, the United Kingdom formed the world’s 昀椀rst 昀椀xed steam locomo琀椀ve
railway that was opened to the public. What’s the name of that railway?

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
A. Stockton and Darlington
B. Rocky Mountaineer
C. Darjeeling Himalayan
D. Coast Starlight
21. What is the main reason for the Bri琀椀sh industry at the end of the nineteenth
century to develop more slowly than that of the United States and Germany?
A. Bri琀椀sh industry developed early, so machinery quickly became obsolete and

outdated.
B. The bourgeoisie does not focus on industrial investment, but rather invests in
colonial exploita琀椀on.
C. He focuses on developing other industries to create a balance for the

development of industry.
D. The strong rise of American and German industry.
22. Capital UK mainly exports capital to which area?
A. African countries
B. Southeast Asian countries
C. China
D. USA
23. Why did Lenin call Bri琀椀sh imperialism: colonial imperialism?
A. Great Britain has colonies and territories.

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
B. Bri琀椀sh bourgeoisie focuses on investment in colonies.
C. The Bri琀椀sh bourgeoisie invaded and exploited a vast colonial system around the
world.
D. Britain has one of the most developed industrial economies in the world.
24. At the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century, England
was a country
A. Cons琀椀tu琀椀onal Monarchy
B. Totalitarian Monarchy
C. Presiden琀椀al Republic
D. Federal Republic
25. What are the main causes leading to Britain’s industrial lag in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries?
A. The Bri琀椀sh bourgeoisie focuses on investment in the colonies rather than

innova琀椀ng and developing domes琀椀c industry
B. The Bri琀椀sh bourgeoisie focuses on inves琀椀ng in mining.
C. The UK focuses on developing agriculture to ensure food for the people
D. The rise and strong compe琀椀琀椀on of American and German industries.
26. At the end of the nineteenth century, Bri琀椀sh industrial produc琀椀on occupied
the following posi琀椀on:
A. ranked 昀椀rst in Europe and second in the world (a昀琀er the US).

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
B. ranks third in the world (a昀琀er the US, Germany).
C. ranks fourth in the world (a昀琀er the US, Germany, and France).
D. the number one industrial power in the world.
Timeline of the
History of London History of the Union Flag
Kings and Queens
Romans Saxons Vikings Normans Tudors Victorians WW ll
IDENTITY
1.Ethnic identity: the native British
National loyalities: Ethnic identity: can be strong among the people in Britian
whose ancestors were not English
2. Scottish identity
Important aspects of public life (education,law, religion) are organized separately
and differently
The Scottish way of speaking English is very distinctive
Many symbols of Scottichness are well-know: Thristle, Lion Rampant
3. Wales identity
Important symbol of Welsh identity - the Wales language.
4. Northern Ireland
Ethnicity, family,politics and religion are all interrelated
5. Ethnic identity: the non-native British
Accounts for 6% of population
Monarchy
Elizabeth : born 21 april 1926
Be queen: 6 February 1952
+Queen Elizabeth II is a “constitutional monarch” (quân chủ lập hiến).

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
+ Run by the government and led by the Prime Minister

+The Queen lives at Buckingham Palace in London.
The Royal Arms we see today have evolved over nine centuries, since Richard the
Lionheart chose three lions to represent England. This symbol on the King's shield
(khiên) would immediately identify him in the midst of battle.
The full version of the Royal Coat of Arms (quốc huy) is now used only by the
Queen in her capacity (tư cách) as the Sovereign (chủ quyền). In the version used
by the government and consequently as the official coat of arms of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the crown is shown resting
directly on the shield, with the helm, crest and mantling not displayed (like in the
black and white photo above).
The Queen has a separate version of her arms for use in Scotland, giving the
Scottish elements pride of place
Timeline of England's Kings and Queens
from 1066 to 1603
Norman
(1066 - 1154)
Plantagenets
1154-1216
1216-1399
Lancaster's house
(1399 - 1461)
York House
(1461 - 1485)
The Tudors
(1485 -1603)
Kings and Queens of Great Britain
from 1603 to present day
The Stuarts
(1603 - 1649) (1660 - 1714)
House of the Hanoverians
(1714-1901)
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The Windsors

(1901-1910) (1910 - Present day)
Royal today
History of London

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
Timeline of British History
Interesting facts
The only time there was no King or Queen in England was when the country was a
republic from 1649 to 1660. (In 1649 King Charles I was executed and England
became a Republic for 11 years. owner was restored in 1660).
Norman
(1066 - 1154)
King William I, Conqueror 1066 - 1087

King William II, Rufus 1087 - 1100
King Henry I 1100 - 1135
King Stephen 1135 - 1154
Queen Matilda 1141
Plantagenets
(1154 - 1399)
King Henry II 1154 - 1189

King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199
King John 1 1199 - 1216
King Henry III 1216 - 1272

King Edward I 1272-1307
King Edward II 1307 - 1327
King Edward III 1327 - 1377
Richard II 1377 - 1399
Lancaster's house
(1399 - 1461)
Henry IV 1399 - 1413

Henry V 1413 - 1422
Henry VI 1422 - 1461, 1470 - 1471
York House
(1461 - 1485)
King Edward IV 1461-1470, 1471 - 1483

King Edward V 1483 - 1483
King Richard III 1483 - 1485
The Tudors
(1485 -1603)

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
King Henry VII 1485 - 1509

King Henry VIII 1509 - 1547
King Edward VI 1547 - 1553
Jane Gray 1554
Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558
Queen Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603
The Stuarts
(1603 - 1649) (1660 - 1714)
James I 1603 - 1625

Charles I 1625 - 1649
Charles II 1660 - 1685
James II 1685 - 1688
William III 1688 - 1702 and Queen Mary II 1688 - 1694
Queen Anne 1702 - 1714
House of the Hanoverians
(1714-1901)
King George I 1714 - 1727

King George II 1727 - 1760
King George III 1760 - 1820
King George IV 1820 - 1830
King William IV 1830 - 1837
Queen Victoria 1837-1901
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The Windsors
(1901-1910) (1910 - Present day)
King Edward VII 1901-1910

King George V 1910 - 1936
King Edward VIII June 1936
King George VI 1936 - 1952
Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day
+ The longest reigning monarch is Queen Victoria who reigned for 63 years
Money
The British currency is the pound sterling. The sign for the pound is £
The British Government

lOMoARcPSD|34551033
+The two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords
and the House of Commons) are based at The Palace of Westminster, also known
as the Houses of Parliament, in London.
+The palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the London borough of
the City of Westminster, close to the government buildings of Whitehall.
Parliament decides the laws and make decisions on running the UK. (Some issues
in Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland are now dealt with by their respective
parliaments and assemblies.) There has been a parliament at Westminster since the
13th Century.
The UK government is normally formed by the leader of the party that wins the
most seats in the general election. All actions by the government - and particularly
its proposals (đề xuất sửa đổi) to amend or create laws - are scrutinised (được xem
xét kỹ lưỡng) within parliament.
Introduction to School Life
Education is an important part of British life. There are hundreds of schools,

colleges and universities, including some of the most famous in the world.
Education is free and compulsory (bắt buộc) for all children between the ages of 5
- 16. Some children are educated at home rather than in school.
Children's education in England is normally divided into two separate stages. They
begin with primary education at the age of five and this usually lasts until they are
eleven. Then they move to secondary school, there they stay until they reach
sixteen, seventeen or eighteen years of age
Teachers in primary schools ( 4 - 11 year olds) are always addressed by their

surname by parents and pupils alike, always Mr, Mrs or Miss Smith.…. In
secondary schools (11 - 16 years), teachers are usually addressed as Miss or Sir.

Chapter 1 Vha Culture of British

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 1 Vha Culture of British

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

lOMoARcPSD|34551033

Chapter 1 vha - culture of british

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

1. Country and people

4. Those in England and lowland Scotland were mainly of Germanic origin.

7. Today these differences have become blurred.

9. The nationality of people from UK is the British.

The dominance of England

2. English is the main language of all four nations.

3. The supply of money in Britain is controlled by the Bank of England.

National loyalties - double identity

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

Legislature Executive Jurisdiction

2. The UK is made up of:

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

C. England and The Republic of Ireland

3. In which hemisphere is Britain located?

4. Britain is the largest island in ______.

5. The island of Britain is located in which ocean?

9. Celtic is the dominant culture of people in :

10. Which surname is commonly used in both England and Scotland?

11. What is the name of the clothes the symbol of Scotland?

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

14. Which is the flag of England?

15. Which is the flag of Wales?

17. The Union Jack is a combination of the flags of which countries?

18. What is the common internet domain address for Britain?

19. In which of the following does a 'Great Britain' team compete?

23. Who is she?

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

24. The supply of money in Britain is controlled by the Bank of _______?

25. What proportion of the population of White British lives in Britain?

The UK is made up of:

+ Northern Ireland (also known as Ulster)

3. The UK has a total area of approximately (khoảng) 245,000 km², almost a

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

5. The UK is bordered (giáp) by four seas:

+ to the east by the North Sea

Land and settlement

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

The environment and pollution

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

3.July and August are normally the warmest month in England.

Together they all make up a region known as Greater London.

2. London is the biggest city in Britain and in Europe.

3. London occupies (chiếm) over 620 square miles

4. London has a population of 7,172,036 (2001).About 12 per cent of Britain’s

6. London is in the southeast (đông nam) of England.

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

8.The tallest building in London is the Canary Wharf Tower.

15. Traditional London Food

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)

+ Many kinds of fruit and vegetable

+ Hills in a horseshoe shape

+ White cliffs of the south coast (vách đá trắng)

+ Little heavy industry

The West country

+Dairy produce, fruit

+ South-west peninsula (bán đảo)

- Wild moorlands (vùng đất hoang mạc đầy thạch lam)

+ Large expanses of uniformly flat land

Downloaded by Nguy?n Th? H??ng (nguyenthihuong06092003@gmail.com)