Multiple Choice Questions (Applied Chemistry)

Chapter 1
Water Treatment
1.Main sources of water are
a) Surface water
b) Underground Water
c) Rain Water
d) All of these
2. Water forms about-------- of the matter on Earth’s crust
a) 97%
b) 3%
c) 75%
d) 10%
3. Chief sources of water are
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
4. Water obtained as a result of evaporation of seawater
a) River water
b) Sea Water
c) Rain Water
d) Lake Water
5. Impurities in water are classified into how many categories
a) Physical impurities
b) Chemical impurities
c) Bacteriological impurities
d) All of these
6. Total dissolved solids in water according to WHO should be not more than
a) 50ppm
b) 25ppm
c) 1500ppm
d) 125ppm
7. Physical parameters in water quality are
a) Total dissolved solids
b) Hardness
c) pH
d) Acidity
8. ppm of alkalinity is a unit of
a) ppm of MgSO4
b) ppm of CaSO4
c) ppm of CaCO3
d) ppm of CaHCO3
9. Temporary hardness is also called
a) Non-Carbonate Hardness
b) Carbonate Hardness
c) Bi-Carbonate Hardness
d) Both a & b
10. Carbonate Hardness is caused by
a) Bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium
b) Carbonates of calcium and magnesium
c) Sulphates of calcium and magnesium
d) Chlorides of calcium and magnesium
11. Total hardness of water is equal to
a) Carbonate hardness only
b) Non-Carbonate Hardness only
c) Both a & b
d) Permanent hardness
12. One ppm is equal to
a) 0.07 Cl
b) 0.1 Cl
c) 0.07 F
d) 0.03 F
13. 0ne ppm is equal to
a) 1Kg/liter
b) 1g/liter
c) 1mg/liter
d) 1g/ml
14. Hard water produce stain on clothes due to presence of
a) Mg ions
b) Fe ions
c) Cl ions
d) Ca ions
15. Presence of Fe and Mn salts affects
a) Brightness of paper
b) Colour of paper
c) Increase ash content of paper
d) both a & b
16. Boiler feed should be of zero hardness because of
a) Scale prevents heat transfer
b) produces cracks in boiler
c) produces corrosion
d) priming and foaming
17. Molecular weight of Mg(HCO3)2 is
a) 136
b) 146
c) 246
d) 150
18. Non-Carbonate Hardness is caused by
a) Sulphates of calcium and magnesium ions
b) Chlorides of Calcium and Magnesium ions
c) both a & b
d) Bicarbonate of calcium and magnesium ions
19. Which of the following possibility of alkalinity is ruled out
a) Carbonate and Bicarbonate
b) Hydroxide and Bicarbonate
c) Carbonates and Bicarbonates
d) Bicarbonates only
20. Water quality parameters are
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
21. Purest form of water is
a) River water
b) Rain Water
c) Lake Water
d) Sea water
22. Hardness of water is expressed in terms of
a) Calcium ions
b) Magnesium ions
c) CaCO3
d) All of these
23. It is used in evaluating buffer capacity of waste water and sludges
a) Acidity
b) Alkalinity
c) Hardness of water
d) both a & c
24-The use of hard water ------- the solubility of acidic and basic dyes.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)unchanged
D)undefined
25-which metals and their salts spoil the beauty of fabrics and laundries
A )Fe, Mn
B) Na, Li
C) Hf
D) V
26 In EDTA to determine hardness of water the main theory used is
A) Formation of stable complexes
B) Precipitation formation
C) Redox reaction
D) Both b & c
27 the salts of hard water------- the adherence of starch on the fabric reducing efficiency
A) Not change
B) Enhances
C) Reduces
D) Slightly changes
28 which component in hard water gives foul smell
A) Calcium ions
B) Magnesium ions
C) Organic matter
D) Iron ions
29 which component of hard watrer causes cracks in paper
A) SiO2
B) H2S
C) Ca+2
D) Mg+2
30 colour of drinking water standard as per BIS
A) 3 hazan unit
B) 5 hazan unit
C) 7 hazan unit
D) 2 hazan unit
31 drinking water standard as per BIS should have 0.10mg/l of
A) flouride
B) Sulphate
C) Copper
D) Lead
32 pH of drinking water is
A) 5.6-8
B) 6.5-9.0
C) 6.5-8.0
D) 7.5-9.0
33 Turbidity of drinking water should not exceed
A) 5ppm
B) 10ppm
C) 3ppm
D) 1ppm
34 total dissolved solids in water should be less than
A)200ppm
B)300ppm
C)500ppm
D)600ppm
35 floating matters in water are removed by -------
A) Aeration
B) Filtration
C) Sedimentation
D) Screening
36. Aeration primarily aims to achieve which of the following in
domestic water treatment?
a) Remove color-causing organic compounds
b) Increase dissolved oxygen content for oxidation processes
c) Reduce microbiological contaminants
d) Simplify the removal of suspended solids
37. Which statement about aeration is INCORRECT?
a) It can enhance the palatability of water by removing
undesirable gases.
b) Ferrous and manganous salts are converted to insoluble
precipitates upon aeration.
c) Aeration directly removes taste and odor compounds
from water.
d) Aeration plays a crucial role in iron and manganese
removal through oxidation.
38. During aeration, the optimal oxygen saturation level
required for effective iron and manganese removal depends
on:
a) Water temperature only.
b) Water temperature, pH, and alkalinity.
c) Water flow rate only.
d) Type of aeration method used.
39. Which type of aeration process is MOST EFFECTIVE for
achieving high oxygen transfer efficiency in domestic water
treatment?
a) Spray aeration
b) Cascade aeration
c) Diffused aeration (using fine bubble diffusers)
d) Gravity aeration
40. In a domestic water treatment plant with aeration for iron
and manganese removal, proper design and operation are
crucial to avoid:
a) Increased water clarity.
b) Clogging of downstream filters.
c) Reduced disinfection efficiency.
d) Improved taste and odor.
41. The primary driving force for particle settling in
sedimentation tanks is:
(a) Gravity
(b) Centrifugation
(c) Chemical coagulation
(d) Filtration
42 Which factor would have the LEAST impact on
sedimentation efficiency in plain sedimentation tanks?
(a) Detention time
(b) Particle size
(c) Particle density
(d) Water temperature
43. Compared to discrete settling, flocculent settling in
sedimentation tanks is characterized by:
(a) Individual particle settling without interaction.
(b) Aggregation of particles into larger flocs, accelerating
settling.
(c) Increased particle density due to floc formation.
(d) All of the above.
44. Plain sedimentation typically removes what percentage of
suspended solids?
(a) 20-30%
(b) 40-50%
(c) 70-75%
(d) 80-90%
45. To improve sedimentation efficiency and achieve higher
removal rates, which option is NOT recommended?
(a) Increasing detention time
(b) Using flocculants to form larger flocs
(c) Removing settled sludge regularly
(d) Introducing mechanical mixing
46. Colloidal impurities in water are problematic because:
(a) They readily settle due to gravity.
(b) They carry electrical charges, preventing aggregation and
settlement.
(c) They are typically large and easily removed by filtration.
(d) They react strongly with water and cause undesirable
color.
47. The primary function of coagulants in water treatment is
to:
(a) Increase the size and weight of colloidal particles.
(b) Neutralize the pH of the water.
(c) Directly remove impurities through chemical reactions.
(d) Enhance the filtering efficiency of sand filters.
48. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a
commonly used coagulant?
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Sodium chloride
(c) Ferrous sulfate
(d) Alum
49. The chemical reaction provided in the passage illustrates
the hydrolysis of:
(a) Sodium aluminate
(b) Ferrous sulfate
(c) Alum
(d) All of the above
50. The gelatinous precipitate formed during alum hydrolysis:
(a) Has no role in the coagulation process.
(b) Physically entraps colloidal impurities.
(c) Increases the water's pH level.
(d) Acts as a disinfectant.
51. Which factor would have the LEAST impact on the
effectiveness of coagulation?
(a) Water temperature
(b) Coagulant dosage
(c) pH of the treated water
(d) Mixing intensity
52. Mechanical flocculators are used in coagulation processes
to:
(a) Directly remove impurities from the water.
(b) Promote the collision and aggregation of coagulated
particles.
(c) Neutralize the charge of coagulant ions.
(d) Measure the coagulant concentration in the water.
53. Overdosing on coagulants can lead to:
(a) Improved removal of organic matter.
(b) Carry-over of flocs into the treated water, affecting
clarity.
(c) Faster settling of heavy metals.
(d) Reduced taste and odor of the treated water.
54. Which statement about optimal coagulant dosage is MOST
accurate?
(a) A higher dose always ensures better removal of
impurities.
(b) The optimal dose depends on various factors like water
quality and type of coagulant.
(c) A lower dose minimizes chemical costs and
environmental impact.
(d) There is a universal optimal dose for all water treatment
scenarios.
55. Coagulation is often followed by other water treatment
processes like:
(a) Disinfection only.
(b) Sedimentation and filtration.
(c) Chlorination only.
(d) No further treatment is necessary.
56 the water for municipal supply is usually filtered by
A) Sedimentation
B) Coagulation
C) Sand filter
D) Filtration
57 during filtration the retained coarse particles clog the pores of the sand and the raete of
filtration becomes----
A) High
B) Low
C) Medium
D) All of these
58 the process of destroying and killing of pathogenic bacteria and other micro organisms
is called --------
A) Boiling
B) Sterilization
C) Chlorination
D) Disinfection
59 the bottom layer of sand filters is made up of
A) Fine sand
B) Coarse sand
C) Gravels
D) Both a & c
60 -harmful disease producing bacteria can be killed by boiling water for
A)5-10min
B)10-15
C-15-20
D)20-25
61- Which one is powerful disinfectant?
a) Ozone
b) Chlorine
c)Bromine
d) Fluorine
62- Which one is used sterilizing agent in water treatment?
a) Fluorine
b) Chlorine
c)Ozone
d)Nitrogen
63-Chlorine react with water to produce
a) Oxygen molecule
b) Nascent Hydrogen
c) Nascent oxygen
 d)Ozone
64-Bleaching powder contains available chlorine
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
 d)50%
65-How much grams of bleaching powder is sufficient to
sterilize one million litter of water?
a) 1g
b) 2g
c) 3g
 d)4g
66-The sterilization process involving a large excess of
Chlorine is called.
a) Super Hydrogenation
b) Super Chlorination
 c)Oxidation
 d)Chlorination
67-For Boiler Feed Water, Boiler are generally classified into :
a) 2 category
b) 3 category
c) 4 category
d) 5 category
68- How much temperature is used in low – pressures boiler?
 a)5 kg/cm^2
 b)10 kg/cm^2
c) 15 kg/cm^2
d) 20 kg/cm^2
69- The temperature in Medium – Pressure Boiler is used.
a) 10 – 15 kg/cm^2
b) 15 – 20 kg/cm^2
c) 20 – 25 kg/cm^2
 d)15 – 30 kg/cm^2
70- In which types of Boiler, the temperature is used over
30kg/cm^2
a) Low pressure boiler
b) High pressure boiler
c) Medium pressure boiler
d) Low & High pressure boiler
71- pH limit of Boiler Feed Water
a) 5.0
b) 6.0
 c)7.0
d) 8.0
72- How much Dissolved Gass like oxygen and Carbon dioxide
in Boiler Feed Water?
a) 0 ppm
 b)1 ppm
c) 2 ppm
d) 3 ppm
73- If the Precipitate matter is soft and slimy is called.
a) Scale
b) Sludge
 c)Saturation point
d) Salt
75- Which one is sludge forming substances
a) Magnesium carbonate
b) Magnesium chloride
c) Magnesium sulphate
d) All
76- Which Gass is the main reason for Boiler Corrosion?
 a)Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
 d)Chlorine
77- The process for removal of scale forming impurities from
water before feeding to boiler
a) Lime soda process
b) Zeolite process
c) Demineralization process
d) All
78- Which Gass is removed from water along with the oxygen
by Mechanical De – aeration.
a) Nitrogen dioxide
 b)Carbon dioxide
c) Sulphur dioxide
 d)Ammonia Gass
79- Which acid is produced when carbon dioxide react with
water
 a)Acetic acid
 b)Hydrochloric acid
 c)Carboxylic acid
 d)Carbonic acid
80- Carbon dioxide dissolved in water can be removed by adding
(a) Liquid Ammonia
(b) Hydrazine
(C) Sodium Sulphide
(d) Sodium Carbonate
81- Increase in temprature of water decrease Solubility of:
(a) MgSO4
(b)Na2SO4
(c) CaSO4
(d) Znso4
82- Priming is the Formation OF:
(a) Wet steam
b) Dry steam
(C) Super Heated Steam
(d) Bubbles on water Surface
83- The permitted hardness of water for high pressure boilers
is:
(a) 40-80t PPm
(b) 10-40 ppm
(c) o-3 ppm
(d) 7-9 ppm
84- Violent or Vigourous boiling leads to the formation of
(a) Priming
b) Foaming
(c) Super heated steam
(d) Coagulation
85- Anion exchange resin has functional group:
(a) –SO3H
(b) -NMe3OH
(C) -CH4
(d)-SO4
86- Sodium Zealite is not capable of exchanging
(a) Al+3 ions
(b) Na+ ions
(C) Ca+2ions
(d) mg+2 ions
87- The exhausted zeolite bed is in the form OF:
(a) Na2Ze
(b) K2Ze
(C) CaZe
(d) H₂ Ze
(88)- Which of the method Seperate both ionic and nonionic
impurities:
(a) Electrodialysis
(b) Reverse Osmosis
(C) Zeolite Process
(d) Ion Exchange process
(89)- Colloidal impurities in water by: are removed
(a) Distillation
(b) Sedimentation
(C) Co-agulation and Sedimentalion
(d) Sterilization
(90)- The method of water treatment by which distilled water
quality is obtained:
(a) Zeolite method
(b) Cation, Anion Exchanger
(C) Lime- Soda melhod
(d) Sodium-Phosphate method
(100) -Anion exchange resins are regenerated by
(a) Hot Solution
(b) Cold Solution
(C) Acidic Solution
(d) Alkaline Solution
101- Caustic embrittlement can be avoided by adding to boiler
Feed water:
(a) Lignite
b) Castor oil
(C) Sodium phosphate
(d) Lignin
102-EDTA Method used to determine hardness of Water is:
(a) Precipitation Titration
(b) Redox titration
(C) Complexometric titration
d) Acid-Base titration
103- Indicator used in EDTA method to determine hardness of
water is:
(a) Thymol blue
b) Alizarin yellow R
(C) Erichrome Black-T
(d) Bromocersol Red
104- MgCl2 impurity present in boiler water is deposited as:
(a) MgCO3
(b) MgCl2
(c) Mg (HCO₃)2
(d) Mg(OH)2

105- Which one of the Following is not method for disinfection

of water:
(a) Chlorination
(b) Ozonization
(C) Electrodyalysis
(d) UV treatment.
106- Presence of small amount of Cause corrision of boiler:
(a) MgCl2
(b) Mg(OH)2
(c) Mg(HCO3)2
(d) MgCO3
107-In the steam generation, boiler are classified on
a) Temperature
b) Pressure
c) Volume
d) Both a&b
108--In boiler feed water, Which water is not perfectly Suitable?
a) Distilled water
b) Ionized water
c) Filterate water
d) Naturally resources water
109- In the boiler, Sludges are formed in?
a) Hotter Portion
b) Cooler Portion
c) Moderate Portion
d) None
110- the corrosion of boiler due to its?
a) Environment
b) Acidity
c) Basic
d) Both b&c
111-Which of the following is not a result of the excess of
impurity in boiler-feed?
a) Scale and sludge formation
b) Decomposition
c) Corrosion, priming and foaming
d) Caustic embrittlement
112- Foaming is caused by the formation of ___________
a) Acids
b) Alcohols
c) Oils and alkalis
d) Ketones
113-Water is mainly used in boilers for the generation of
________________
a) Power
b) Electricity
c) Steam
d) Current
114- Foaming and priming in boiler operation can be reduced by
reduction in __________ in feed water.
a). Turbidity
b). Color (Hazen)
c). Total solids
d). All of the above
115- Primming is the formation of ........
a) Wet steam
b) Dry steam
c) Super heated steam
d) Bubble on the surface of water
116 -Caustic embrittlement can be avoided by adding to boiler
feed water......
a) lignin
b) lignite
c) Castor oil
d) Sodium phosphate
117 -Which method is costly for sterilization of water in Bulk
(a) By using Ozone
(b) Using UV Rays
(c)By Chlorination
(d) boiling
118-Taste of water will be changed
(a) By using UV rays
(b) By using ozone
(c) By chlorination
(d) Boiling
119 acceptable limits for hardness of water in public water supplies
A)300ppm
B)200ppm
C)1000ppm
D)500ppm
120 temporary and permanent hardness can be removed by
A) Boiling addition of lime
B) Addition of lime & lime soda process
C) Boiling silver nitrate process
D) Both a& c
121 zeolite method of water softening is
A) Suitable for highly turbid water
B) Sludge forming process
C) Suitable where water quality fluctuate
D) Suitable for acidic water
122 zeolite bed can be regenerated using
A) Sodium chloride solution
B) Magnesium flouride solution
C) Sodium fluride solution
D) Potassium chloride solution
123 which of the following method of water softening is most economical
A) zeolite
B) Lime soda process
C) Deionization method
D) All are equal in term of economy
124 zero hardness water can be renderd using
A) Boiling
B) Zeolite method
C) Lime soda method
D) All of above
125 ------ requires carbonation of water
A) Zeolite
B) Lime soda process
C) Deionization
D) Both a & c
126 lime soda has major disadvantages
A) Deacreases pH of water
B) Create sludge precipitate
C) It can be used for very hard water
D) None of these
127 which source of water is free from hardness and surface impurities
A) Surface water
B) Underground water
C) Rain water
D) Sea water
128 water from reservior come under the category
A) surface water
B) Underground water
C) Rain water
D) Sea water
129 according to BIS the maximum acceptable limit of dissolved solid in drinking water
A)500-200ppm
B)500-1000ppm
C)1000-2000ppm
D)2000-4000ppm
130 the world available fresh water --------
A)10%
B)5%
C)3%
D)1%
131 which of following substances are used in water filtration
A) Charcoal
B) Sand
C) NaCl
D) Both a & b
132 resin contain functional group
A) basic
B) Acidic
C) Aldehyde
D) Ketone
133- the low hardness of demineralised water
A)2ppm
B)6ppm
C)3ppm
D)5ppm
134- flouride content of water should be less than
A)1.2ppm
B)1.3ppm
C)1.5ppm
D)1.4ppm

135- Which operation is used to remove sludge from colloidal conditioning

A) Fast down operation
B) Slow down operation
C) Moderate down operation
D) Both a & c
136 scale formation due to calcium sulphate in high pressure boiler can be avoided by
adding ----
A) Na2CO3
B) CaCO3
C) Na2SO4
D) H2SO4
137 the process of removing salt from brackish water is
A) Demineralization
B) Distillation
C) Deionization
D) Desalination
138 there is no problem of sludge disposal when the complex is

A) Highly insoluble
B) Highly soluble
C) Less soluble
D) Less insoluble
139 Ca3(PO4)2 is
A) Hard sludge
B) Soft sludge
C) Moderate sludge
D) Do not form sludge
140 Trisodium phosphate is
A) Too alkaline
B) Sigma alkaline
C) Pi alkaline
D) Too acidic
141 water containing dissolved salts with peculiar salty taste is
A) Blackish water
B) Brackish water
C) Salty white water
D) Saline water

142 How many methods are used for desalination of brackish water
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
143 Electrodialysis carried out under the influence of
A) Applied temprature
B) Applied current
C) Applied pressure
D) Applied potential
144 which of the following does not form scale
A) Calcium carbonate
B) Calcium sulphate
C) Magnesium sulphate
D) Magnesium hydroxide
145 reverse osmosis is also called-------
A) Super filtration
B) Hyper filtration
C) Molecular sea filtration
D) Pressure filtration
146 Principle of sedimentation
A) Magnetic field
B) Electric field
C) Gravitational field
D) Chemical process

147 Retention period of sedimentation

A) 3-8 hours
B) 3-4 hours
C) 2-3 hours
D) 3 hours only
148 Impurities that can be removed by coagulation
A) Colloides
B) Turbidity
C) Dissolved solids
D) Collides and silica

Chapter 2 distillation

149-What is the primary function of a demister in a distillation column?

A) To handle two-phase feeds
B) To collect and mix the liquid leaving the packed bed
C) To remove entrained droplets from the vapor leaving the column
D) To support the structure packing
150-Which type of packing is mentioned in the text as laying on a V-shaped support plate?
A) Chevron-type
B) Randomly packed bed
C) Corrugated sheet structured packing
D) Structured packing in general
151-What is the purpose of a hold-down plate in a distillation column?
A) To support the structured packing
B) To distribute vapor in the column
C) To distribute the liquid feed entering the column
D) To prevent bed expansion in an upward direction
152-How is the liquid mixed with the liquid feed in the column according to the passage?
A) By the liquid distributor
B) Using a chimney tray collector
C) With the help of a demister
D) Through the vapor inlet device
153-What type of feed can the "schoepentoeter" vapor inlet device handle with ease?
A) Solid feeds
B) Pure vapor feeds
C) Single-phase (monophasic) feeds
D) Two-phase (biphasic) feeds
154-What is the primary function of a chimney tray collector in the context mentioned?
A) To support the structured packing
B) To collect and mix the liquid leaving the packed bed above
C) To create a pressure drop for vapor distribution
D) To handle two-phase feeds
155-In the context, what is the function of the liquid distributor?
A) To irrigate a bed with liquid
B) To remove entrained droplets from vapor
C) To collect and mix the liquid feed
D) To create pressure upsets during operation
156-In which section of the column are fixed-valve, two-pass trays used?
A) In the sump of the column
B) In the section above the vapor inlet nozzle
C) In the section with the three differently sized packed beds
D) In the section at the bottom with three fixed-valve, two-pass trays
157-How are manholes typically positioned in packed columns, as indicated in the text?
A) At the level of the demister
B) At the level of the chimney tray collectors
C) At the bottom of the column
D) At the level of liquid distributors
158-According to the passage, what is the structure of the liquid distributor used in the
described distillation column?
A) It is a wide trough with no baffles.
B) It is a pipe with a single central orifice.
C) It is a set of equidistantly arranged plates.
D) It is a narrow trough with baffles on both sides
159-What is the primary function of a distillation column?
A) Compressing gases to liquids
B) Mixing of chemicals at random stages
C) Heating or cooling a substance without separating it
D) Separating components based on differences in volatility

160-How is the contact between vapor and liquid achieved in a tray distillation column?
A) By repeatedly contacting and disengaging the two phases in a stagewise manner
B) By a single contact at the top of the column
C) By using packing materials to absorb the vapor
D) By flowing in parallel with no direct contact
162-In a tray column, what is the function of the perforations in the trays?
A) To allow for heating elements to pass through
B) To store excess liquid before discarding
C) To allow ascending vapor to pass through and contact the liquid
D) To support the weight of the liquid
163-What is the term used to describe the efficiency of actual trays compared to
theoretical plates?
A) Thermal conductivity
B) Overall tray efficiency
C) Heat transfer coefficient
D) Relative volatility
164-How does tray spacing affect the column height?
A) More tray spacing leads to an increase in column height
B) More tray spacing leads to a decrease in column height
C) Tray spacing only affects the diameter of the column
D) Tray spacing has no influence on column height
165-What separates a conventional distillation column into an upper and lower section?
A) The top product withdrawal
B) The feed point or stage
C) The condenser
D) The reboiler
166-Which sections are differ in a conventional distillation column based on the nature of
the feed mixture?
A) Input and output sections
B) Analytical and synthesis sections
C) Binary and ternary sections
D) Upper (rectification) and lower (stripping) sections
167-Why do real trays in a distillation column often have lower efficiency than theoretical
plates?
A) Due to a consistent flow rate of liquid and vapor phases
B) Because the tray material is not conductive enough
C) Because the pressure drop across trays is always optimized
D) Because vapor and liquid leave the tray before reaching equilibrium
168-Which of the following operating conditions could affect the interfacial area created
between the vapor and the liquid in a tray column?
A) Insulation properties of the column
B) Albedo of the tray material
C) Flow regime and surface tension
D) Angle of installation of the trays
169-What is the role of the outlet weir on the tray of a distillation column?
A) To regulate the temperature of the exiting liquid
B) To purify the liquid before it reaches the next stage
C) To stop vapor from passing through the tray
D) To maintain a certain depth of liquid on the tray
170-What is the main purpose of packing in a packed bed column?
A) To provide heating to the liquid.
B) To catalyze chemical reactions within the column.
C) To increase pressure within the column.
D) To serve as a carrier for liquid and provide interfacial area for mass transfer.
171-What is essential for the successful operation of a packed column?
A) A single layer of packing.
B) Minimal use of a liquid distributor.
C) High surface tension of the liquid.
D) Complete wetting of the packing.
172-What role does a liquid distributor play in a packed column?
A) It reduces the surface tension of the liquid.
B) It catalyzes reactions between gases and liquids.
C) It collects the liquid after separation.
D) It assures the quality of initial liquid distribution.
173-Why is the height of a packed bed typically limited?
A) To prevent chemical reactions in the bed.
B) To reduce construction material costs.
C) To avoid the effects of liquid maldistribution.
D) To minimize the weight of the packed column.
174-What is a common number of theoretical plates for the height equivalence of a typical
packed bed?
A) 15
B) 25
C) 20
D) 10
175-What necessitates the installation of a liquid redistribution section in a packed
column?
A) To decrease the temperature of the liquid.
B) To filter out impurities from the liquid.
C) To mix and deliver liquid to the distributor of the next bed.
D) To add more packing material.
176-What is the typical height needed to install a liquid redistribution section?
A) Up to 2 m
B) 5 m
C) Over 5 m
D) 1 m
177-How can excessive bed heights affect a packed column in revamp situations?
A) They can be installed without concern for access.
B) They can lead to a loss in efficiency.
C) They do not impact column height.
D) They have to ensure liquid redistribution can be accessed through existing
manholes.
178-What type of packings is typically used in exceptionally tall beds in industrial
columns?
A) Low surface area packings.
B) Single layer packings.
C) Minimalistic design packings.
D) High surface area packings (220-250 m²/m³).
179-What distinguishes random packings from structured packings?
A) Random packings form multi-angled flow channels.
B) Random packings are fabricated from flat sheets.
C) Random packings are also known as "dumped packings".
D) Structured packings lack flow channels.
180-Which packing type is rated highest for "Capacity"?
A) Valve Tray
B) Structured Packings
C) Random Packings
D) Sieve Tray
181-Which property has the same rating for Sieve, Valve, and Bubble Cup Trays?
A) Corrosion sensitivity
B) Access for inspection
C) Fouling sensitivity
D) Pressure drop
182-For which property do the Sieve, Valve, and Bubble Cup Trays have different ratings?
A) Capacity
B) Cost
C) Corrosion sensitivity
D) Turndown
183-Which packing type is rated "Very Good" for "Scalability"?
A) Valve Tray
B) Structured Packings
C) Bubble Cup Tray
D) Random Packings

Short Questions :
1. Discuss about river water shortly.
2. Discuss about chemical impurities of water.
3. How many types of water are there? Define them.
4. What are standards of drinking water according to WHO and PCWR.
5. Define alkalinity. Write it’s unit and give reasons of alkalinity.
6. Give disadvantages of hard water in domestic use.
7. How hard water affect steam generation in boilers.
8. A sample of water contains 120mgs of MgSO4 per liter. Calculate the hardness in terms of
CaCO3 equivalents.
9. Define filter and sand filter.
10. Draw diagram of sand filter.
11. Define sterilization and disinfection.
12. Why hard water foam sticky scum with soap?
13. Write any two disadvantages of hard water.
14. Which component in hard water interfere coloured texture and uniformity of paper
explain.
15. Give characteristics of drinking water.
16. Explain screening and aeration.
17. Define boiler corrosion and how it is caused?
18. What is chemical reaction involve in removal of
dissolved O2 in water?
19. How you can show that presence of small amount of MgCl2
cause corrosion to great extent?
20. Draw diagram of mechanical de aerator?
21. How NH4OH can remove dissolved C02 in water?
22. How ozone is used as disinfectant for treatment of water?
23. Describe break point chlorination with the help of graph?
24. What are the Suggested limits of hardness tolerance for
boiler-food water?
25. Describe classification of boilers according to their pressure?
26. What are the disadvantages of using hard water in boilers?
27. Differentiate between sludge and scale formation.
28. Describe caustic embrittlement and how it can be
prevented?
29. Differentiate between priming and foaming.
30. Describe external and internal treatment for prevention of
Scale formation.
31. Demonstrate scale formation in high and low
pressure boiler.
32. Difference between cold and hot lime soda process.
33. Write method of external treatment of water.
34. Give characteristics of soft deionized and distilled water.
35. What is calgon conditioning?
36. Define osmosis and reverse osmosis.
37. Write criteria for selection of vapour-liquid contractors.
38. What is a function of trays in distillation process?
39. Write specification of drinking water.
40. What are the requirments of boiler feed water?

Long Question
1. Methods and main features of distillation equipment operations.
2. Write about chief sources of water.
3. Classify the types of impurities in water.
4. Write process involved in domestic water treatment.
5. What are the disadvantages of using hard water in boilers.
6. Write internal waste water treatment.
7. Discuss in detail about external waste water treatment.